Ukulima Kwemifino eKarnataka
Sawubona bangane, namuhla silapha nesihloko esisha esibizwa ngokuthi "Ukulima Kwemifino E-Karnataka". Ukutshala imifino kunendawo ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezolimo nasemnothweni wezwe. Imifino ukulima iwumthombo obalulekile wemali engenayo kubantu abaningi. Imifino iyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla okunomsoco futhi iwumthombo oshibhe kakhulu wokudla kwemvelo okuvikelayo. I imifino ibhizinisi lokulima linikeza isivuno esiphezulu endaweni ngayinye ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu esigcina sinyuse imali engenayo. Umthombo obalulekile wokuthola imali yangaphandle nge ukuthekelisa yemifino eminingana.
I-Karnataka iyisifunda sesishiyagalombili ngobukhulu e-India endaweni ehlanganisa i-8 lakh sq km futhi ibalwa ku-1.92% wendawo yezwe. E-Karnataka, ezolimo umsebenzi omkhulu weningi labantu basemaphandleni. Yonke imifino iyimithombo ebalulekile yamavithamini, amaminerali, nama-antioxidants anikeza izinzuzo zezempilo yabantu. Futhi, imifino inikeza amaminerali izakhi ezibalulekile empilweni enhle kanye nokugcinwa kwemizimba yethu. Imifino inamafutha aphansi nama-calories, izakhi eziningi zamaminerali njenge-potassium, i-folic acid, i-vitamin A, no-C.
Izizathu ezinkulu zokwanda kobubanzi bemifino yilezi;
- Imifino iya ngokuya iqashelwa njengedingekile ukuze kuvikeleke ukudla nokudla okunomsoco. Ihlinzeka ngethuba lezomnotho elithembisayo lokunciphisa ubumpofu basemaphandleni emazweni asathuthuka.
- Imifino ingumthombo wesintu othengeka kakhulu wamavithamini namaminerali amaningana adingekayo ukuze ube nempilo enhle.
- Ukwandisa ukuqwashisa kwabantu mayelana nokudla okunomsoco kanye nomqondo wokuphepha kokudla okunomsoco.
Ezolimo zisebenzisa abasebenzi baseKarnataka abangaphezu kuka-60%. Umbuso ukleliswe endaweni yesi-5 e-India ngokwendawo yonke engaphansi kwayo ukulima. Imi endaweni yesi-5 ekukhiqizeni izitshalo zemifino.
Umnotho Wezolimo Wokulima Kwemifino e-Karnataka
I-Karnataka ithuthuka kakhulu mayelana ukulima imifino futhi uyayijabulela le nzuzo ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezivumayo ngaphandle kwanoma ikuphi ukushisa okudlulele. Ukulima kusewumsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu basemakhaya e-Karnataka. Ukulima kwemifino kuchazwa njengokutshalwa kwemifino izitshalo ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa njengokudla kwabantu. Ukulima kwemifino eKarnataka kudinga ukunakwa kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokukhiqiza izitshalo njengesilokazane, izifo kanye ukhula ukulawula nokumaketha okuphumelelayo.
Imifino eminingi ingatshalwa unyaka wonke ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zesimo sezulu, nakuba isivuno sehektare lohlobo oluthile lwemifino siyahlukahluka ngokuya ngenkathi yokukhula kanye nesifunda lapho isilimo sikhiqizwa khona. Izidingo zokushintsha izinga lokushisa zisekelwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi, aphezulu, naphezulu phakathi nobusuku nasemini phakathi nokukhula kwesitshalo. Izimfuneko ziyashintsha ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezithile. Ezolimo zombuso ezicebile nezihlukene zifaka isandla cishe ngama-28.6% ku-Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP).
Ezolimo zaseKarnataka zingenye yezimfanelo ezidingekayo zomnotho waseKarnataka. Isimo sendawo sase-Karnataka sisho ukukhululeka kwedolobha, inhlabathi, nesimo sezulu kusekela kakhulu imisebenzi yezolimo. Ukulima imifino kuthathwa njengomunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko yezakhamizi zase-Karnataka. Iningi labantu base-Karnataka lizibandakanye ekutshaleni izitshalo zemifino, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ezolimo e-Karnataka sezithathe umhlaba ongamahektha ayizigidi eziyi-12.31 okuhlanganisa cishe u-64.6% wendawo yonke. Isizini eyinhloko yezolimo e-Karnataka yi-monsoon njengoba uchelela kwenziwa kuphela ku-26.5% wendawo yonke enqanyuliwe.
Uhulumeni wase-Karnataka ubheka ukukhula okuqhubekayo okungama-4.5% emkhakheni wezolimo wezwe, njengoba uhulumeni ebheke ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo ngenkathi ehlisa izinga lokukhula. ezolimo okusimeme izindleko zokwandisa imali yabalimi. Uhulumeni waseKarnataka ubheke ukuletha izinguquko ekusebenzeni komkhakha wezolimo, ngokwethula uhlelo lwezolimo olungamelana nesomiso ukukhuthaza izindlela ezivumelana nezimo zesimo sezulu nokusebenzisa imithombo yemvelo ngokuqhubekayo. Izinyathelo zingasiza ekuletheni ukuzinza komkhakha wezolimo emnothweni wase-Karnataka, kodwa kusazobonakala ukuthi uhulumeni wezwe angasisebenzisa yini leso sinyathelo senqubomgomo esimweni esiboshelwe okhethweni.
Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela Wokulima Imifino e-Karnataka, Ikhalenda Lokutshala
Izinhlobo Zomhlabathi eKarnataka
Imvamisa, amaqembu ayi-11 ama-oda enhlabathi atholakala eKarnataka. Lawa ama-Entisol, ama-Inceptisols, ama-Mollisol, ama-Spodosol, ama-Alfisol, ama-Ultisol, ama-Oxisol, ama-Aridisols, ama-Vertisol, ama-Andisol, nama-Histosol. Kuye ngekhono lezolimo lomhlabathi, izinhlobo zenhlabathi zihlukaniswa kakhulu zibe izinhlobo eziyisithupha. Zibomvu, i-latetitic (inhlabathi ye-lateritic itholakala esifundeni se-bidar ne-Kolar), inhlabathi emnyama, i-alluvial-colluvial, ihlathi, kanye nenhlabathi yasogwini. Izinhlobo ezivamile zomhlabathi ezitholakala eKarnataka yilezi;
- Umhlabathi obomvu - Inhlabathi evunduvundu ebomvu, inhlabathi evundile ebomvu nobumba, inhlabathi enobumba olubomvu
- Inhlabathi emnyama - inhlabathi enogwadule, inhlabathi evulekile, emnyama, ne-basalt deposits
- Inhlabathi ye-Lateritic - I-Lateritic gravelly soil, kanye ne-Lateritic soil
- Inhlabathi emnyama - Inhlabathi emnyama ejulile, inhlabathi emnyama ejulile phakathi nendawo emnyama engashoni
- I-Alluvio-Colluvial Soils – Non-saline, saline and sodic
- Inhlabathi yehlathi - Inhlabathi yehlathi ensundu
- Inhlabathi yasogwini - Inhlabathi engaselugwini, kanye ne-Alluvial soil
Umthelela Wokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu Kwezolimo e-Karnataka
Isifunda sase-Karnataka sinendawo yesibili enkulu kunazo zonke yezolimo edla imvula Ezweni futhi ukukhiqizwa kokudla kuncike kakhulu ngemvula eseningizimu-ntshonalanga.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungenye yezinto ezisongela kakhulu indawo ezungezile ekukhiqizweni kwemifino, ukutholakala kwamanzi, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zamahlathi, kanye nezindlela zokuphila ngenxa yoshintsho lwaso lwesikhathi eside lokushisa kanye nemvula. Ukufudumala komhlaba kanye ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kulindeleke ukuthi yenyuse isibalo samazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezigigaba zokuna kwemvula, futhi yingakho ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kulindeleke ukuthi kubonise ukuthambekela okukhuphukayo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda amathrendi nokuhlukahluka kwemvula, ubuncane kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu e-Karnataka njengoba ulwazi lwangaphambili lungaqondisa ikusasa.
Imvula yaminyaka yonke yase-Karnataka icishe ibe ngu-1,151 mm ngokwesilinganiso futhi cishe u-80% wayo utholwa ngesikhathi sezimvula eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga, u-12% ngesikhathi sangemuva kwezimvula, u-7% ngesikhathi sasehlobo, no-1% ehlobo. Winter isizini. I-Karnataka inezimo zezulu eziguquguqukayo ngenxa yokuphakama kwezwe, i-topography, nebanga ukusuka olwandle. Isimo sezulu sase-Karnataka sisukela endaweni eyomile iye komile kancane kuya endaweni eshisayo eswakeme. Izimvula ezimbili zaminyaka yonke eziletha imvula e-Karnataka yi-North-East monsoon kanye ne-South-West monsoon. Isilinganiso semvula yaminyaka yonke eKarnataka singamamilimitha ayi-1355. Isifunda esisogwini sithola imvula ephezulu kanti izingxenye zeNorth Interior Karnataka ziphakathi kwezindawo ezinkulu zokushoda kwemvula esifundazweni.
I-Karnataka ihlangabezana nezinkathi ezine ngonyaka. Kunjalo;
Summer – Iqala ngoMashi iqhubeke kuze kube nguMeyi kanti le sizini iyashisa, yomile futhi inomswakama.
I-Monsoon - Iqala ngoJuni futhi iqhubeke kuze kube inyanga kaSepthemba. Ngalesi sikhathi seMonsoon, isifunda sithola imvula ngenxa yomoya wemonsoon oseningizimu-ntshonalanga.
I-post-monsoon – Lesi sikhathi sonyaka sisukela kuMfumfu kuya kuZibandlela ezinyangeni. Khona-ke, lesi sikhathi sonyaka simnandi kakhulu njengoba umswakama uncipha kakhulu.
Winter - Ubusika buhlala esifundeni saseKarnataka phakathi noJanuwari noFebhuwari. Isifunda sihlangabezana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nomswakama oncishisiwe. Ukuthambekela kokufudumala e-Karnataka kuye kwaqashelwa isikhathi sikaJuni kuya kuSepthemba futhi kokubili izinga lokushisa elincane neliphezulu kutholakale ukuthi lenyuke lafika cishe ku-0.6°C kule minyaka eyi-100 edlule.
I-Organic Vegetable Farming e-Karnataka
Ukulima kwemifino ephilayo kuthuthukisa futhi kuthuthukisa ukwehlukahlukana kwemvelo kanye nemijikelezo yebhayoloji epulazini kunokuthembela ekwenziweni. umquba kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, kusekelwe ekwenzeni ipulazi likwazi ukuzimela futhi lizinze. Futhi, eziphilayo ukulima kuwumkhuba wokulima ohlukanisa inhlabathi ye-organic carbon egcina inomthelela eqophelweni lemvelo. Ukwanda kwekhabhoni yomhlabathi kusho inhlabathi eyandisiwe izinto eziphilayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okugcina amanzi enhlabathini, ukongiwa kwemithombo yemvelo, nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo okungcono. Ukuphathwa kwezinsalela zezitshalo, ukulima, ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwezakhamzimba ngokusebenzisa imithombo ephilayo, ukulima ngokunemba, ukulawulwa kwamanzi ngendlela efanele, nokubuyisela inhlabathi eyonakele konke kunomthelela ekulimaleni okusimeme.
Ukulima okuphilayo kungachazwa njengohlelo lokukhiqiza, olugwema noma olungafaki kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezikhiqizwayo ezikhiqizwe ngokwenziwa njengomanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane, izilawuli zokukhula, njll., ukuthembela kakhulu ekujikelezweni kwezitshalo, izinsalela zezitshalo, ubulongwe bezilwane, ubulongwe obuluhlaza, ukulima ngomshini. , amatshe aphansi aqukethe amaminerali ukuze kugcinwe ukukhiqizwa kwenhlabathi kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ze-bio ukulawula ukhula, izinambuzane, nezifo. Futhi, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukulima kwemvelo' kwamanye amazwe asenyakatho yeYurophu. Nokho, ukulima okwenziwe ngemvelo kumele iqinisekise ukwakhiwa kwezinga elenelisayo le-phosphates ebusweni nangaphansi kanye nezinga elifanele le-organic carbon emhlabathini.
Cishe abalimi abayi-1 lakh balima okungenani ama-50% e-Karnataka. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokusebenzisa imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo kanye namagciwane anenzuzo ukukhulula imisoco ezitshalweni ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo.
Izinhlelo zokulima zemifino zisekelwe kumazinga athile aklanyelwe ukukhiqizwa kokudla. Bese-ke, kusekelwe ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zangaphandle ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zasepulazini ngendlela efanele uma kuqhathaniswa nezolimo zezimboni. Bakhe izindlela eziningi ezahlukene zokulima ngokusebenzisa isisekelo solwazi lwendabuko. Basungule izindlela zabo zokusebenzisa imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuhlanganisa konke ukulawula isifo izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane nezifo.
Ukulima okuphilayo kuhlongozwa futhi kwenziwa e-Bengaluru, eKarnataka ngezinjongo ezilandelayo;
1. Ukuhlonza Isidingo Sokudla Kwe-Organic phakathi kwe-Urban Population yase-Bengaluru, Karnataka
2. Ukuhlonza izikhungo ezinkulu nezinhlangano ezisekela ukulima okuphilayo, i-Karnataka
3. Ukuhlonza nokuhlaziya umbono womlimi wokulima okuphilayo kanye nesitifiketi se-organic, i-Bengaluru, i-Karnataka.
Abalimi baseKarnataka babe nomuzwa wokuthi kunesidingo sokulwa nohlobo lwesivuno esikhulu kanye nephakheji yomanyolo oluhlaza we-green revolution-pesticide. Khona-ke, babona isidingo sokulima ngokwemvelo ukuphela kwendlela yale nkinga nokubuyela ekulimeni okungokwesiko okusimeme ngaphandle kokuphazamisa i-ecosystem.
Ukulima okuphilayo kukhulisa impilo ye-agro eco-system, futhi kuthuthukisa imijikelezo yebhayoloji nomsebenzi webhayoloji yomhlabathi ngenhloso yokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nenzuzo.
Uhulumeni wase-Karnataka umenyezelwe yi-“Savayava Bhagya Yojana” Scheme ukuze aqinise futhi ahlanganise izinzuzo ngokunikeza ukwesekwa kwenqubo yokunikezwa kwezitifiketi, ukusungula imifelandawonye yabalimi, nokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana nezimakethe. Imifelandawonye Yesifunda Yezinhlangano Zabalimi Bezinto Eziphilayo isisungulwe ukuze kube lula ukumaketha okuhleliwe komkhiqizo wemvelo. Izimali zihlongozwa ukusiza le mifelandawonye ukuthi ithathe ukuqoqwa kwemikhiqizo ephilayo, ukugreda, ukucutshungulwa, ukwengezwa kwenani, ukupakisha, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, kanye nokumaketha ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokuqwashisa abathengi kanye nemisebenzi ehlobene.
I-“Savayava Bhagya Yojana” idale ithuba lemakethe elikhulu kubalimi futhi yabasiza ukuthi bakhulise indawo engaphansi kokulima okuphilayo futhi yenze umphakathi waneliseke ngempilo kanye nezinzuzo zokudla okunomsoco wezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo. amabele. Sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola leli thuba ukuze kuzuze abalimi bombuso. Bese, inqubomgomo ihloselwe ukuhlanganisa izimo zemakethe eziguquguqukayo kanye nezintandokazi zabathengi ekuqapheleni impilo. Inhloso enkulu yale nqubomgomo ukuhlinzeka abalimi bezinto eziphilayo ngemakethe ehlelekile yemikhiqizo yabo kanye nokwenza ukudla okungokwemvelo kudume ngokuthi “I-Super Foods” phakathi kwabathengi.
Ukuphathwa Kwenkasa Kokulima Kwemifino eKarnataka
Amanzi ayisithako esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni imifino. Ekuqaleni, izimvula zemvelo zazinikeza amanzi kwezolimo ezindaweni zasehlathini futhi kwakungekho mzamo obonakalayo wokudonsa imithombo yamanzi. Amanzi emvula atholakala kuphela ngosuku lwemvula, kodwa amanzi omfula atholakala isikhathi eside ngakho ukwethembeka kuyanda ngamanzi omfula. Futhi, ukwanda okwengeziwe kwenani labantu kwaholela ekwandeni kwemiphakathi ekude nomfula.
Lapho amanzi edingeka phakathi nenkathi engeyona yezimvula ezinamandla futhi awakwazanga ukutholakala emfuleni ngamanani adingekayo. Isidingo sokunisela sinzima kakhulu eKarnataka kunezinye izingxenye eziningi zaseNdiya; njengoba ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zendawo enqanyuliwe yombuso ithola imvula, ephansi kakhulu ngaphansi kuka-75 cms, igxilile ngezikhathi zonyaka, futhi engaqiniseki kakhulu. Ukunisela kuyindawo esempumalanga yesifunda sase-Sahyadris ethandwa isomiso ngisho nangenkathi ye-Kharif ukuvikela izitshalo ezikhathini ezomile, ezivame kakhulu futhi ezinde lapha, futhi ngaphandle kokunisela, i-Rabi, noma isivuno sasehlobo cishe akunakwenzeka esifundeni esiningi.
Ukuphatha ukuchelela kunikeza umswakama odingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukeni, ukuhluma, neminye imisebenzi ehlobene. Imvamisa, izinga, inani, nesikhathi sokunisela kuhlukile ezitshalweni ezahlukene futhi kuyashintsha kuye ngezinhlobo zenhlabathi nezinkathi zonyaka. Isibonelo, izitshalo zasehlobo zidinga inani eliphezulu lamanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zasebusika.
Ukunisela kuyingqalasizinda eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo eKarnataka futhi, ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo ezindaweni zethunzi lemvula uma umbuso uphikisana nokungazinzi okukhulu, okuthinta isimo sezomnotho sabalimi. Bese kuba khona ukwehla okukhulu ekukhuleni komkhakha wezolimo eminyakeni yamashumi ayisishiyagalombili namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye okuholele ekumeni komkhiqizo wezoLimo. I-Karnataka iphenduke yaba ngumthengisi wensalela wokusanhlamvu ovela ezweni lonke ebona isimo sokunisela sekuthathwa njengenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ukuze kukhuliswe umkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwandisa iphesenti lezindawo ezitshalwayo ngaphansi kokunisela ngokuthinta ngobuhlakani amandla okunisela atholakalayo kuhulumeni.
Ukusebenza Kokukhula kanye Nezinqubomgomo Ekufakeni Imifino e-Karnataka
I-Karnataka inendawo evelele e-Horticulture. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, indawo engaphansi kwalesi sitshalo ibone ukwehla okukhulu futhi kungase kube ngenxa yesidingo esiphansi semakethe kanye nenzuzo ephansi ekulimeni kwaso. Izitshalo ze-Horticultural zithatha indawo engaba ngu-18.00 lakh hectares, ngokukhiqizwa kwamathani angu-136.38 lakh. Le ndawo ihlanganisa kuphela i-14.44% yendawo yonke elinywayo e-Karnataka, imali engenayo etholakala emkhakheni wezokulima ihlanganisa ngaphezu kwama-40% wesamba semali engenayo etholakala emkhakheni wezolimo ohlanganisiwe. Lokhu kubala ama-17% e-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) yombuso. Ushintsho olukhulu olubheke ekulimeni kwezitshalo luyabonakala kuhulumeni ngokwanda kwendawo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Isibonelo, cishe amahektha angama-58,000, indawo iye yafakwa ngaphansi kwezitshalo ze-horticultural ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamanzi. Ukukhula kwe-Horticulture kuyahlukahluka ngokwesisekelo sesayensi kusukela emashumini eminyaka okuqala ekhulu leminyaka lamanje.
Izinjongo zomgomo zimi kanje;
- Ukwandisa i-value added nokunciphisa ukumoshwa, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe iholo lomlimi.
- Ukwandisa amathuba omsebenzi.
- Ukwelula ithuba le-supply chain endaweni yasemaphandleni.
Uhulumeni ufisa ukufeza lezi zinhloso ngokusebenzisa la masu angezansi;
- Ukukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda yempahla ukuze kwehliswe ukulahleka kwangemva kokuvuna.
- Ukuqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamabhizinisi acubungulayo kanye nezikhungo zoCwaningo neNtuthuko.
- Khuthaza ukwamukelwa kwesitifiketi sekhwalithi, nezinqubo ezihlanzekile, izinyathelo zokonga ugesi.
Imifino Ejwayelekile Ekhule eKarnataka
Utamatisi
Utamatisi isitshalo semifino esidumile esitshalwa ezifundeni eziningi e-Karnataka. Utamatisi uyisitshalo saminyaka yonke noma esihlala isikhathi esifushane futhi umbala ompunga oluhlaza ogoqe amaqabunga aphinane angalingani. Izimbali ziyizithelo ezimhlophe-mhlophe ezithela izithelo ezibomvu noma eziphuzi futhi isitshalo esizithela ngempova. Izifunda zaseKolar, Chikkaballapur, Mandya, Belagavi, Haveri, Davangere, Srinivaspur, Bangarpet, kanye neBelgaum yizona ezihamba phambili. utamatisi-ukukhiqiza izifunda eKarnataka.
Ukuchelela okulula kufanele kunikezwe ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4 ngemuva kokutshala. Izikhathi zokunisela kumele zihambisane uhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nemvula, ukuchelela kufanele kunikezwe izikhathi zezinsuku ezingu-7-8 ngesikhathi se-Kharif, phakathi nezinsuku ze-Rabi 10-12, kanye nezinsuku ezingu-5-6 ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Izimbali kanye izithelo ukuthuthukiswa yizigaba ezibucayi.
Utamatisi uyisitshalo semifino esikhiqiziwe esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Futhi, ingenye yezitshalo zemifino ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitshalwa izithelo zayo eziyinyama. Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa njengesitshalo semifino esibalulekile sokuhweba nokudla.
Ubhontshisi
I-Tumkur, i-Kolar, i-Mulbagal, i-Devanahalli, i-Doddaballapura, ne-Chickballapur ubhontshisi-ukukhiqiza izifunda eKarnataka. Futhi, ubhontshisi awudingi umanyolo owengeziwe ngoba ungalungisa i-nitrogen yawo. Noma kunjalo, inhlabathi empofu idinga ukushintshwa ibe endala umquba or umquba ekwindla ngaphambi kokutshala.
Iklabishi
Iklabishi isitshalo semifino sasebusika esivelele esitshalwa ezifundeni zaseBelgaum, eHaveri, nase-Hassan phakathi nenkathi ye-Kharif. Izitshalo ziqhakaza ngokuvamile ngemva kobusika. I-Hassan (inani eliphakeme kakhulu), i-Doddaballapura, i-Chickballapur, i-Malur, i-Mulbagal, i-Hoskote izindawo ezilinywayo zeklabishi e-Karnataka.
Uma kwenzeka uphuthelwa lokhu: I-High Density Coconut Plantation.
Izitshalo zakuqala zithanda kakhulu inhlabathi elula kuyilapho izitshalo eziphuzile zikhula kangcono emhlabathini osindayo ngenxa yokugcinwa komswakama. Emhlabathini onzima, izitshalo zeklabishi zikhula kancane futhi izinga lokuligcina liyathuthuka. Izinga le-pH lika-6.0-6.5 libhekwa njengelilungile ekukhuleni iklabishi.
U-anyanini
Ngaphandle kweGadag, u-anyanisi utshalwa ezifundeni ezimbalwa eKarnataka njengeDharwad, Bellary, Chitradurga, Kortagere, Gadag, Dharwad, Haveri, Vijayapura, Bagalkot, Chitradurga kanye. I u-anyanini imikhiqizo evela e-Karnataka ifika ezimakethe phakathi kuka-Okthoba noDisemba. Kamuva, ukuhlinzekwa okuvela e-Maharashtra kuyaqala. U-anyanisi ungatshalwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi futhi umhlabathi ongcono kakhulu wokulima u-anyanisi ngempumelelo ujulile, uyanyakazeka. luma kanye nenhlabathi ye-alluvial enamanzi amahle, amandla okubamba umswakama, nezinto eziphilayo ezanele. Ukunisela kuncike kakhulu esikhathini sonyaka, uhlobo lwenhlabathi, indlela yokunisela kanye neminyaka yesilimo. Ivunwa kuye ngokuthi isitshalo sitshalwe ngani. Nakuba, ukuze kudayiswe njengo-anyanisi oluhlaza, isitshalo silungela ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemva kokutshala.
Ikhukhamba
Igama le-botanical ikhukhamba iCucumis sativus kanti ukhukhamba adabuka eNdiya. I-Mysore, i-Doddaballapur, i-Hoskote, ne-Anekal yizindawo ezitshalwa ukhukhamba e-Karnataka. Izinga le-pH ukusuka ku-6 kuye ku-7 lifaneleka kakhulu ikhukhamba ukulima. Ukhula lungalawuleka ngokugebha ngesandla futhi lulawuleke ngamakhemikhali, sebenzisa i-glyphosate ngamalitha angu-1.6 kumalitha angu-150 amanzi. Esikhathini sasehlobo, idinga ukuchelela njalo futhi isiyonke idinga ukuchelela ka-10 kuya kwayi-12. Ukunisela kusengaphambili kuyadingeka ukuhlwanyela Khona-ke ukuchelela okulandelayo kuyadingeka emva kwezinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 zokuhlwanyela. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela kwesibili, izitshalo ziniselwa ngesikhathi sezinsuku ezi-4 kuya kwezi-5. Ukunisela ngamaconsi kuyasiza kakhulu kulesi sitshalo.
Upelepele
I-Byadgi upelepele iwuhlobo lwepelepele oludumile olutshalwe eKarnataka. Izinhlobo zikachilli ezifanele iKarnataka yilezi;
I-Byadagi - Iwuhlobo oluphezulu lwamagatsha. Izithelo ziba nombala obomvu ojulile lapho zivuthwa futhi ziba nemibimbi phezulu futhi lezi zingu-12 kuya ku-15 cm ubude futhi zizacile kodwa azibukhali kangako. Itshalwa kakhulu ebhandeni lenguquko lezifunda zaseDharwad, Shimoga, kanye neChitradurga.
I-Sankeswar - Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani. Itshalwa kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezidla imvula ezifundeni zaseBelgaum.
I-Chincholi - Lezi zitshalo zinezihlahla, izithelo ezivuthiwe zibomvu ngokuphuzi futhi zinekhwalithi ephansi yokugcina. Iwuhlobo olubabayo kakhulu futhi itshalwa kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo eziniselwayo eGulbarga, Bidar naseRaichur esifundeni.
Brinjal
Brinjal noma isitshalo seqanda iyisitshalo esibalulekile se-solanaceous se-subtropics kanye nezindawo ezishisayo. I-Brinjal etshalwa lapha iluhlaza ngokukhanyayo futhi iyindilinga, ayifani nohlobo olujwayelekile olunombala onsomi. Amasimu e-Brinjal kufanele iniselwe njalo ukuze kugcinwe inhlabathi imanzi phakathi nezinsuku zesithwathwa.
Okra
Ungase futhi uhlole lokhu: Indlela Yokukhulisa Imifino Ehlobo.
I-Okra ibizwa nangokuthi 'I-Lady Finger' noma 'Bhindi'. Ingenye yemifino ethandwa kakhulu futhi enempilo kuwo wonke amazwe. Isitshalo okra imbewu ecishe ibe yi-intshi engu-½ ukuya ku-1 intshi ukushona futhi cishe ama-intshi ayi-12 kuya ku-18 ngokuhlukana ngokulandelana. Izindawo ezitshalwa i-Okra e-Karnataka Mandya, Ramanagar, Devanahalli, Doddaballapura, naseChickballapur.
Ikhalenda Lokutshala Imifino e-Karnataka
Igama leVegetable | Isikhathi Sokukhula | Izinga lokushisa lokuhluma (ku-°C) | Indlela Yokuhlwanyela | Ukujula kokuhlwanyela (amayintshi) | Ibanga lokuhlwanyela (amayintshi/izinyawo) | Izinsuku Eziya Ekuvuthweni |
Utamatisi | Jan-Feb Jun-Jul Oct-Nov | 20-30 | Ukufakelwa | 0.25 | Phakathi Kwembewu – 1 ft Phakathi Kwemigqa – 2.5 ft | izinsuku 110-115 |
Ubhontshisi | - | 16-30 | oqondile | 1-1.5 | Phakathi Kwembewu -8” Phakathi Kwemigqa – 18” | izinsuku 45-50 |
Okra | Jan-Feb May-Jun Oct-Dec | 20-32 | oqondile | 0.5 | Phakathi Kwembewu - 12" Phakathi Kwemigqa - 18" | izinsuku 45-50 |
Ikhukhamba | Jun-Jul Sept-Oct Dec-Jan | 16-32 | oqondile | 0.5 | Phakathi Kwemigqa - 12 amayintshi | izinsuku 50-70 |
U-anyanini | Mar-Apr May-Jun Sept-Oct | 10-32 | Ukufakelwa | 0.25 | Phakathi Kwembewu – 4 ft. Phakathi Kwemigqa – 6 ft | izinsuku 150-160 |
Iklabishi | Jun-Jul Oct-Nov | 10-20 | Ukufakelwa | 0.25 | Phakathi Kwembewu – 1 ifidi Phakathi Kwemigqa – 1.5 ft | izinsuku 90-100 |