Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngokwanda okwesabekayo kokulimala kwezilwane ngaphakathi komkhakha wokutshalwa kwezithelo. Ngokusekelwe kudatha yakamuva evela ku-Nieuwe Oogst, umthombo wezolimo onokwethenjelwa, sihlolisisa izinselele abalimi nabatshali bezithelo ababhekana nazo ngenxa yokulahleka kwezitshalo okuhlobene nezilwane zasendle okukhulayo. Hlola imithelela yalo mkhuba kubalimi, izazi zezolimo namahlathi, onjiniyela bezolimo, abanikazi bamapulazi, nososayensi, futhi uthole amasu anamandla okunciphisa ukulimala kwezilwane nokuvikela izithelo.
Umkhakha wokutshalwa kwezithelo ubhekene nokwanda okukhulu komonakalo wezilwane, njengoba kubikwe u-Nieuwe Oogst [1]. Izilwane zasendle, okuhlanganisa izinyoni, izinyamazane, nezinambuzane, zibangela ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo okukhulayo, okubeka ukukhathazeka okukhulu kubalimi nakubalimi bezithelo kuyo yonke imboni.
Izinyoni ezinjengama-starlings kanye ne-blackbirds, zidume ngokudla izithelo ezivuthiwe, okuholela ekwehleni kwesivuno esikhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezimali. Ukwengeza, izinyamazane bezilokhu zanda, okuholela ekulimaleni kokuphequlula ezihlahleni zezithelo nemivini, okunomthelela ekukhiqizeni kwensimu yezithelo. Izinambuzane, njengezimpukane ze-codling kanye nezimpukane ze-cherry, zibhebhethekisa le ndaba ngokudala umonakalo ezitshalweni zezithelo.
Ukwanda komonakalo wezilwane kudinga amasu asebenzayo okuvikela isivuno sezithelo. Abalimi nabatshali bezithelo basebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukahlukene ukuze banciphise lezi zinselele, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwenethi, izinto ezithusayo, nezindlela eziqondiwe zokulawula izinambuzane. Izinqubo ezididiyelwe zokulawulwa kwezinambuzane (IPM), ezibandakanya inhlanganisela yezinyathelo zokulawula amasiko, izinto eziphilayo, kanye namakhemikhali, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo okuhlobene nezilwane zasendle kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukusimama kwemvelo.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabalimi, abacwaningi, nabeluleki bezolimo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izixazululo ezintsha zokulawulwa kokulimala kwezilwane. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lugxile ekuhlonzeni izinto ezivimbelayo ezisebenzayo, ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwezilwane zasendle, kanye nokuthuthukisa izindlela ezisimeme zokulondoloza ikhwalithi nenani lezithelo. Le ndlela yokuhlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene ivumela ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo ezisebenzayo ezifanelana nezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane zasendle nezimo zendawo.
Kubalulekile ukuthi umkhakha wokutshalwa kwezithelo uhlale uqaphile futhi uzivumelanise nezinselele eziguqukayo ezidalwa ukulimala kwezilwane. Ngokuqalisa amasu adidiyelwe kanye nokugqugquzela ukwabelana ngolwazi, abalimi kanye nezingcweti zezolimo banganciphisa ukulahlekelwa, bavikele ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo, futhi balondoloze ukusimama kwezomnotho kwemboni.
Sengiphetha, ukwanda kwezigameko zokulimala kwezilwane ekulinyweni kwezithelo kudinga imizamo ebumbene yokuvikela izitshalo nokusimamisa ukuvunwa kwezithelo. Ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinyathelo zokuvimbela, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okuhlosiwe, kanye nocwaningo oluqhubekayo, abalimi bangakwazi ukuphatha ngempumelelo izinselele ezihlobene nezilwane zasendle futhi baqinisekise ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kokukhiqizwa kwezithelo.
Amathegi: Ezolimo, Ukutshalwa Kwezithelo, Ukulimala Kwezilwane, Ukulahleka Kwezitshalo Okuhlobene Nezilwane Zasendle, Ukulimala Kwezinyoni, Ukuphequlula Kwenyamazane, Izinambuzane Eziwuhlupho, Ukulawulwa Okudidiyelwe Kwezinambuzane (IPM), Ukuvikelwa Kwezitshalo, Ukulima Okuqhubekayo.
Izikhombo:
- Umthombo: [Xhuma embikweni we-Nieuwe Oogst]