Imakethe ka-anyanisi eMpumalanga Yurophu isesiphithiphithini esikhulu - I-EastFruit usanda kushicilela izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ku-anyanisi nezinkinga umkhiqizi abhekana nazo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-Uzbekistan namanye amazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi aseqalile ukuvuna u-anyanisi wakuqala.
Isithakazelo esikhulu esihlokweni sikwenza kubaluleke ukucacisa ukuthi siyini isimo esijwayelekile emakethe ka-anyanisi yesifunda, yini ongayilindela emasontweni ezayo nasenkathini entsha, noma ngabe ukukhiqizwa kuyehla, amanani ayabuya, ashintsha kanjani izindawo zokuthekelisa, nokuthi ubani ongakwazi inzuzo ku-anyanisi.
Lezi zindaba zizodingidwa kulesi sihloko esikhulu. Sikweluleka ukuthi uyifunde kuze kube sekupheleni ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele "semibono ka-anyanisi". Ake siqale ngokuhlaziya “ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga”.
Imakethe esentshonalanga kakhulu kufakwe I-EastFruit ukuqapha amanani entengo ku-Poland. Ukuze siqonde kabanzi isimo samanje ePoland, kufanele sibheke isimo in the EU ngokuphelele ku 2020/21 isizini.
Imakethe ka-anyanisi ye-European Union nasePoland
Ngokusho the AMI ejensi, ukukhiqizwa kuka-anyanisi okuphelele e-EU kwehle ngo-4% ngo-2020 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-6.2, kodwa lokhu kwakungenxa yokwehla okukhulu kokukhiqizwa eSpain. ISpain ingumkhiqizi omkhulu futhi isibili ngobukhulu ukuthumela u-anyanisi e-EU ngemuva kweNetherlands.
Ukukhiqizwa kuka-anyanisi eSpain kwehle ngokushesha ngamaphesenti angama-30 ngo-2020 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule futhi kwaba ngaphansi ngo-20% kunesilinganiso seminyaka emi-3 edlule. Kwamanye amazwe, ukukhiqizwa kungenzeka kube sezingeni elimaphakathi leminyaka embalwa edlule noma kwenyukile uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019.
Ngakho-ke, kwakukhona ukunikezwa okuningi kuka-anyanisi emakethe ye-EU, kuyilapho isidingo sihlala sifana noma sehla kwezinye izingxenye. Okokuqala, ngenxa yamagagasi amasha e-COVID-19 Pandemic, isidingo sika-anyanisi emabhizinisini namaphrosesa akwa-HoReCa asikabuyeli emazingeni angaphambi kobhubhane. Okwesibili, abathengi babonile ukuthi ukudla u-anyanisi akusizi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-coronavirus, ngakho-ke, ukwanda kwesidingo esirekhodiwe entwasahlobo ka-2020 akuphindanga. Okwesithathu, isidingo sika-anyanisi sehlile nasezimakethe ezivamile zokuthekelisa kubakhiqizi be-EU, futhi ukuthunyelwa kuka-anyanisi emazweni angaphandle kwe-EU kusalokhu kusezingeni lonyaka odlule.
Njengoba isidingo sasekhaya sehle kakhulu e-EU, amazinga entengo ayencike, phakathi kwezinye izinto, emandleni okuthekelisa kanye nekhwalithi. Ngokwesibonelo, Poland ithumele ivolumu efanayo ka-anyanisi engxenyeni yokuqala yesizini ka-2020/21 njengakwisizini edlule (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-69), nakuba ukukhiqizwa ePoland kukhuphuke ngo-8% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Ngenxa yalokho, nakuba isimo sasePoland sathuthuka kusukela ekuqaleni kwekwindla njengoba senzile ngonyaka odlule, amanani ayehla, futhi kwakungekho ukweqa kwamanani engxenyeni yesibili ka-April, ngokungafani nonyaka odlule.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-anyanisi uthunyelwa ngaphandle Netherlands engxenyeni yokuqala yesizini bebesezingeni eliphezulu eminyakeni emihlanu edlule (1 million tons). Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathumeli bangaphandle baseDutch bakwazile ukuthatha lezo zimakethe lapho abakhiqizi baseSpain babekhona ngaphambilini. Ngakho-ke, amanani abephezulu kancane ekwindla nasebusika kunangonyaka odlule.
Isibonelo, intengo emaphakathi ye-assorted anyanisi ophuzi ovela endaweni yokupakisha eNetherlands yayingu-$ 0.31/kg ngoNovemba 2021. Kodwa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwehle kakhulu kusukela ngoJanuwari futhi amanani ehle afika ezingeni langonyaka odlule. Intengo ka-anyanisi ophuzi ohlungiwe endaweni yokupakisha e-Netherlands okwamanje ingu-$0.23/kg. Eqinisweni, intengo ka-anyanisi eNetherlands manje isiphansi kakhulu kunasePoland, njengoba ihlanganisa nezindleko zokuhlunga. Izimo ezifanayo ziyabonwa eJalimane, futhi ukwanda okukhulu kwamanani ka-anyanisi e-EU entwasahlobo ka-2021 kwabhalwa kuphela eSpain, lapho, ukukhiqizwa kwehle kakhulu.
Imakethe ka-anyanisi yase-Ukraine
Siqhubekela phambili siye empumalanga, siyangena Ukraine, lapho izici ezimbalwa ezingezinhle zihlangane emakethe ka-anyanisi kule sizini yamanje. Okokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kuka-anyanisi wasebusika kukhuphuke kakhulu entwasahlobo ka-2020, futhi isikhathi sokuthengisa sika-anyanisi wasebusika sandiswa, okubangela ukubambezeleka kokuthengiswa kwezinhlobo zakamuva. Okwesibili, isivuno esikhulu sika-anyanisi ukuze sigcinwe sivunwa ekwindla. Okwesithathu, ukungabibikho kwezindlela ezihlelekile zokuthunyelwa kuka-anyanisi kuholele ekungeneni kokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe, nakuba inamandla okuzuza imiphumela eyirekhodi kule sizini , futhi ngo-April, anyanisi kwamanye amazwe kusukela Ukraine ngisho kwehlise ukukhuphuka kwamanani eBelarus engumakhelwane.
Ngenxa yalokho, intengo ephansi ka-anyanisi esifundeni ise-Ukraine. Umthamo omkhulu ka-anyanisi wekhwalithi eyamukelekayo unikezwa ku-$0.11-0.13/kg, kanti intengo ephezulu ka-anyanisi wekhwalithi yokuthekelisa ngu-$0.16/kg. Noma kunjalo, baningi abakhiqizi abanjalo emakethe, njengoba, ngokusho kwabalimi, ikhwalithi yamasheya manje isiphansi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaphezulu elilinywa ngo-anyanisi kuthiwa lincipha kakhulu ngo-2021. U-anyanisi wase-Ukraine wekhwalithi engaphansi kwesilinganiso angathengwa ngisho naku-$ 0.07-0.09/kg, kodwa isidingo siphansi kakhulu.
Imakethe ka-anyanisi yaseRussia
Abakhiqizi baka-anyanisi ku Russia futhi abajabulile ngesimo sentwasahlobo ka-2021. Abadlali bemakethe lapha babuye baxoxe ngokuthi kungenzeka yini ukunciphisa indawo etshalwe ngo-anyanisi enkathini entsha. Amaketanga ezitolo ezinkulu kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu ezithengisa izinto ezinkulu zincamela ukuthenga u-anyanisi ongenisiwe wangonyaka odlule emazweni ase-Asia Emaphakathi, noma ukungajahi ukuthenga. isivuno esisha kulesi sifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isivuno sika-anyanisi esingenisiwe ngo-2021 sivela e-Egypt sikhona emakethe naphezu kwenani eliphezulu.
Okwamanje, abathengi sebekulungele ukukhokha imali efika ku-$0.16/kg ngo-anyanisi wendawo osezingeni eliphezulu. U-anyanisi wesigaba sesibili waseRussia unikezwa kusuka ku-$0.09/kg, futhi abacubungulayo bathenga u-anyanisi kusukela ku-$0.05/kg.
Okwamanje, kukhona ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yangonyaka odlule evela eKazakhstan, Uzbekistan nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi ngamavolumu abalulekile eRussia, futhi intengo yabo ifinyelela ku-$ 0.23 / kg ngesikhathi esiphezulu sayo. Kukhona u-anyanisi wesivuno esisha esivela e-Egypt, kodwa ngenxa yamanani aphezulu kakhulu uhlinzekwa kumaketanga ezitolo ezinkulu. U-anyanisi waseGibhithe unikezwa kusuka ku-$0.45/kg ezindaweni eziseningizimu, kanti eMoscow, ungathengiswa ngo-$0.52-0.57/kg.
Kusobala futhi ukuthi abathengisi baseRussia manje banesithakazelo ku-anyanisi omusha wokuvuna ovela emazweni ase-Asia Ephakathi, lapho ukuvuna sekuqalile kakade. Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi.
Imakethe ye-anyanisi yaseMoldova
Ukunganeliseki ngesimo emakethe ka-anyanisi manje akugcini nje e-Ukraine naseRussia, kodwa kuzwakala nakwezinye izimakethe. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona abalimi Moldova ukuthi balungele ukunikeza u-anyanisi mahhala , ukuze ungachithi imali ekulahleni. Iningi labakhiqizi liqinisekile ukuthi indawo elinywa anyanisi izokwehla ngenkathi entsha, futhi ngokusho kwabahlinzeki bembewu bendawo, ingase yehle ngo-40% kulo nyaka.
Okwamanje, amanani entengo ka-anyanisi eMoldova ahluka phakathi kwebanga lika-$0.15-0.17/kg futhi asevele aphansi izikhathi ezingu-2.6 ngokwesilinganiso uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule! Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuntuleka kokukhula kwentengo yizinto ezisebenzayo ezivela kwamanye amazwe, eziqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuba abalimi bendawo bezame ukunyusa amanani, kanye nokungabikho kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
E-Romania, eyathenga ngaphambili u-anyanisi e-Moldova, abathumeli bempahla base-Moldova balahlekelwa ngabathumeli bangaphandle abavela e-Netherlands nase-Poland, futhi abathumela ngaphandle abavela e-Ukraine abavumeli abakhiqizi base-Moldova ukuba bakhuphule amanani emakethe yendawo.
Imakethe ka-anyanisi eBelarus
Elinye izwe lapho i-Ukraine yehlise khona ukukhuphuka kwamanani ka-anyanisi kule ntwasahlobo Belarus. Nakuba isilinganiso sentengo ka-anyanisi e-Belarus senyuka sisuka ku-$0.27/kg saya ku-$0.37/kg ngoMashi, ukuthengwa kwempahla evela e-Ukraine ngokushesha kwazinza amanani, futhi yaze yehla kancane yaya ku-$0.35/kg.
Imakethe ye-anyanisi yaseGeorgia
Izwe elilandelayo lapho amanani ka-anyanisi okwamanje ephansi kakhulu kunonyaka odlule Georgia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isizini yesibili ilandelana, u-anyanisi othunyelwa eGeorgia ugcinwe ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ezinkathini ezinhlanu zokugcina. Ngakho-ke, iGeorgia yangenisa cishe umthamo ofanayo ka-anyanisi ngoJulayi 2020 - February 2021 njengakwisizini edlule (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-21).
Eqinisweni, amanani emakethe ka-anyanisi eGeorgia aphinde asuselwa ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, futhi amanani entengo aphansi kunango-Ephreli nyakenye, ngenxa yokwehla kwawo ezimakethe zamazwe angomakhelwane kanye nesidingo esibuthakathaka emakethe ngenxa yalolu bhubhane. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshalwa kuka-anyanisi eGeorgia kuthinteke kakhulu ngenxa yemvula enamandla nesichotho ngoSepthemba 2020, ngakho-ke u-anyanisi wekhwalithi engagculisi ekuqaleni wawuvame ukugcinwa.
Imakethe ka-anyanisi yase-Uzbekistan naseTajikistan
Okwamanje, ku Uzbekistan futhi I-Tajikistan, amanani okuvuna ngonyaka odlule nawo aphansi kunonyaka owedlule, nakuba abangenisi abavela eRussia beqhubeka nokuthenga amanani abalulekile ka-anyanisi akhiqizwa ngo-2020.
E-Uzbekistan, lokhu kwehla kwentengo kungenxa yokwehla kohlobo lwemali yasendaweni, njengoba izintengo zemali yase-Uzbek zisahleli kumanani onyaka odlule emasontweni ambalwa edlule.
Ukukhiqizwa kuka-anyanisi eTajikistan kukhuphuke ngo-2020, futhi izwe lasondela engxenyeni yesibili yesizini enamasheya aphezulu, aqhubeka nokufaka ingcindezi kumanani entengo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadlali bemakethe balungiselela ukuqala okusebenzayo kwesizini yokuqala yokukhiqiza futhi bakhulisa ukuthengiswa kwesitoko sangonyaka odlule. Intengo encane ka-anyanisi wesivuno sango-2020 eTajikistan yehle yaya ku-$0.05/kg maphakathi naleli sonto.
Imakethe ka-anyanisi yakuqala e-Asia Ephakathi
Amaqoqo okuqala ka-anyanisi afika emazweni ase-Asia Ephakathi ekuqaleni kuka-April. Kuze kube manje, u-anyanisi awukavuthwa ngokwanele, kodwa abathumeli bezithelo nemifino base-Uzbek neTajik bakulungele ukuthumela amathani angu-15-20 ka-anyanisi okuqala futhi baqinisekise izinga labo eliphezulu. Ngokusho kolwazi oluvela ezifundeni ezikhiqizayo, ubukhulu bama-anyanisi buhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo. Noma kunjalo, abathengi abanawo umdlandla wokungenisa imikhiqizo okwamanje, besaba ukuthi u-anyanisi awomile ngokwanele ukuthi angamelana nokuhamba isikhathi eside. Isici sesibili somkhawulo siyintengo ephakeme kakhulu, ngoba u-anyanisi wonyaka odlule wekhwalithi eyamukelekayo angathengwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ezishibhile kulawa mazwe.
U-anyanisi wasebusika manje uthengiswa ngesilinganiso sika-$0.29/kg ezimakethe zezitolo ezinkulu zenhloko-dolobha I-Uzbekistan, futhi amanani ezingeni lomkhiqizi aqala ku-$0.21-0.22/kg esifundeni esiseningizimu yezwe. Kuze kube manje, iningi lika-anyanisi wasebusika lapha alikafaneleki ukuthekelisa, futhi ukuqiniswa kwezinto ezivela ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Uzbekistan kuya ezimakethe zangaphandle kulindeleke eminyakeni eyishumi yesithathu ka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi kusukela endaweni ephakathi kulindeleke 2. -3 amasonto kamuva.
E-Tajikistan, u-anyanisi wasebusika wafika emakethe ngaphambi kwesikhathi - ekuqaleni kuka-April futhi wawunikezwa ezimakethe nezitolo ezinkulu ngentengo yokudayisa engaba ngu-$ 1.00 / kg. Kusukela phakathi kuka-April, abalimi bathengisa ngo-$0.30/kg, kanti ezimakethe ze-wholesale intengo ingu-$0.40-0.45/kg. Njengamanje, isidingo sika-anyanisi wakuqala siphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ukunikezwa emakethe kusengakanele. Inani elikhulu lika-anyanisi wakuqala ovela ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeTajikistan lizoqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kanti kwezinye izifunda - ngemuva kwamasonto angama-2-3.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkampani ezithengisa izinto ezithengiswayo ezivela eRussia, imakethe eyinhloko yabathengisi be-anyanisi abavela e-Asia Ephakathi, sebekulungele ukunikeza u-anyanisi wesivuno esisha ku-$ 0.44-0.52 / kg ngethemba lokwehla ngokushesha kwamanani emasontweni ezayo. Abadlali bemakethe e-Tajikistan baphinde babike isidingo esisebenzayo sesivuno esizayo esivela kubangenisi abavela Afghanistan, asebevele benza inkontileka anyanisi ukuze balethwe ezinsukwini ezingu-10-15 ngenani elilinganiselwe lika-$ 0.14/kg.
Kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi intengo ye-anyanisi yokuqala yaqala ukuwa ngokushesha, ngonyaka odlule kwenzeka isikhashana ngemva kokuba amaqoqo amakhulu okuqala emikhiqizo avele emakethe yase-Asia Ephakathi. Amanani e-Uzbekistan naseTajikistan ehle ngokuphindwe kathathu ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2020 uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqala kuka-Ephreli. Abadlali bezimakethe bathi ukwehla kwamanani entengo entwasahlobo nasehlobo langonyaka odlule ngenxa yemikhawulo ye-Covid 19 evimbe ukuthunyelwa okujwayelekile kuka-anyanisi wakuqala eRussia, yize iTajikistan yayinenye indlela yokuthumela impahla e-Afghanistan nasePakistan. Abalimi abaningi balahlekelwe kakhulu futhi baphoqeleka ukuthi bathengise imikhiqizo yabo emakethe yasekhaya, okwakhulisa kakhulu umthamo wokuhlinzekwa. Ingxenye yesivuno yanikezwa abantu mahhala.
Nokho, isimo singase sithuthuke ngendlela ethe ukuhluka kancane kulo nyaka. Ngokusho kwabalimi okukhulunywe nabo esifundeni saseTashkent, ngemuva kokuwa kwentengo yangonyaka odlule, abakhiqizi baka-anyanisi basebusika baye banciphisa izindawo zabo ezitshalwe ngo-anyanisi e-Uzbekistan, ezinye zazo zafika ku-50%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqala kwamakhaza akuqala ngoNovemba-Zibandlela nyakenye kube nomthelela omubi esitshalweni sika-anyanisi wasebusika, okuholele ekwehleni kwesivuno sika-2021. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu yezwe (iSurkhandarya), abalimi abazange babhekane nokuncishiswa kwendawo okulinywayo, kodwa baphinde baphawula umthelela ongemuhle wokuvunwa kuka-anyanisi ebusika ekuqaleni kukabusika, okuholele ekwehleni komthamo wokuvuna kanye nokwenyuka kwesivuno. amanani ka-anyanisi amancane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abakhiqizi baka-anyanisi basebusika eTajikistan bandise indawo etshaliwe ekwindla edlule ngenxa yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe e-Afghanistan nasePakistan. Isithwathwa sasentwasahlobo ngo-2021 sithinte isivuno, kodwa kusesekuseni kakhulu ukubala umthelela wesimo sezulu.
Isifinyezo namathemba emakethe ka-anyanisi ngo-2021:
- Iningi lamazwe ase- I-EastFruit isifunda singangena enkathini entsha ngezitokwe eziphezulu zesivuno sika-2020 (njengase-Ukraine, ngokwesibonelo) kanye nekhwalithi yazo ehlala iwohloka (njengaseRussia).
- Kodwa-ke, ukuqala kwesizini yokuqala yokukhiqiza eMpumalanga Yurophu kuzobambezeleka okungenani amasonto amabili, okungasiza abalimi ukuthi badayise isitoko sabo sonyaka odlule.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abadayisi baka-anyanisi wakuqala abavela emazweni ase-Asia Emaphakathi nabo bangalithatha leli thuba, ikakhulukazi njengoba kuzotholakala inani elikhulu lika-anyanisi wabo wokuqala wekhwalithi yokuthekelisa maduze nje. Kodwa-ke, u-anyanisi wakuqala ngeke ushibhile, okusho ukuthi kusekhona amathemba okukhuphuka kwamanani ka-anyanisi ngoMeyi-Juni phakathi kwalabo abalimi base-Ukraine, eRussia naseBelarus abanamasheya emikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ezindaweni zokugcina zesimanje.
- Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyoba nzima kubakhiqizi baka-anyanisi bokuqala eRussia nase-Ukraine ukuthola intengo ephezulu, futhi i-Ukraine ingase ilahlekelwe ngokuphelele imakethe yaseBelarus uma ishintshela e-Asia Ephakathi.
Ukwehla kwendawo etshalwa u-anyanisi kungalindelwa emazweni amaningi aseMpumalanga Yurophu ngo-2021. Nokho, abalimi bavame ukushintsha izinhlelo zabo phakathi nenkathi, futhi isithombe esicacile sizobonakala kuphela ekupheleni kwehlobo. Uma izinhlelo zabo zingashintshi, amanani ka-anyanisi e-Europe angase aqale ukusimama ngo-July.