Amasu Okulima Ka-anyanisi, Amathiphu, kanye Nemibono.
U-anyanisi ungenye yemifino eyintandokazi kubantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ukukhulisa u-anyanisi kulula kakhulu futhi kunenzuzo. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okudingekayo ekutshaleni u-anyanisi ngesilinganiso sokuhweba kuncane kakhulu futhi ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo ku-anyanisi nakho kuncane kakhulu. Ngakho, namuhla, sifunda phezulu u-anyanini ukulima amasu, amathiphu, nemibono.
Umhlabathi Ofanele Ukutshala U-anyanisi:
U-anyanisi ungatshalwa ezinhlobonhlobo zenhlabathi enesihlabathi luma ukwenza udaka loam nezindawo ezinhle zokudonsa amanzi. I-pH enkulu ingaba ngu-6.5-7.5.
Izimo zezulu ezifanelekile zokukhula kuka-anyanisi:
Ijwayelana nezinga lokushisa elingu-13-24° C esigabeni sokumila kanye no-16-21° C esigabeni sokumila, 30-35° C ekuvuthweni nasekuvuneni. Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kungatholakala esimweni sezulu esipholile ngaphandle kokubanda, ukushisa kanye nemvula enkulu.
Isizini | Isizini kaKharif | May-September | (U-anyanisi kuphela) |
Sekwephuzile isizini yeKharif | Agasti - February | (U-anyanisi kuphela) | |
Isizini kaRabi | Okthoba - Ephreli | (U-anyanisi ne-Garlic) |
Izinga lembewu ka-anyanisi ehektheleni ngalinye:
7 kuya ku-9 kg/ha.(Qaphela: 1 ha = 2.48 acres).
Ukukhuliswa kwezithombo zika-anyanisi enkulisa:
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emibhedeni ephakanyisiwe engu-1.2 m ububanzi no-3-4 m ubude. Izithombo zizobe sezilungele ukutshalwa kabusha ezinsukwini ezingama-45-50 ngemuva kwalokho ukuhlwanyela.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi noma insimu yokutshala u-anyanisi:
Lima insimu ukuze uthole ukulinywa okuhle futhi ufake i-FYM engamathani angama-20/ha noma amathani ayi-10 e-FYM kanye namathani ama-5 izinkukhu umquba or umabhebhana ngesikhathi sokulima kokugcina. Yakha imisele ene-flatbed noma ebanzi (i-BBF) yokutshala.
Isikhala: 15X10 cm kokubili
Umanyolo | inkathi ye-kharif anyanisi | 100:50:50:50 kg NPKS/ha |
Late kharif Onion | 150:50:50:50 kg NPKS/ha | |
Rabi isizini anyanisi | 150:50:80:50 kg NPKS/ha | |
Faka u-50% N kanye no-100% P, K & S njengomthamo we-basal bese usele u-50% we-N ukuze usetshenziswe ngokuhlukaniswa okubili ezinsukwini ezingu-30 & 45 ngemva kokutshala. I-topdressing kufanele iqedwe ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwe-bulb.
Funda: Umbiko Wephrojekthi Yokulima I-Strawberry.
Isidingo sokunisela ngesivuno sika-anyanisi:
Ukunisela kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha / ukuxutshwa kwama-clove nokukhanya uchelela kufanele kwenziwe ngosuku lwesithathu ngemva kokutshala futhi ukuchelela okulandelayo kuzokwenziwa ngekhefu lezinsuku ezingu-7-10 kuye ngesimo senhlabathi kanye nenkathi. Nisela ukufakelwa ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala. Ngenxa yokungashoni kwezimpande, u-anyanisi udinga ukuchelelwa njalo ngemisele. Gwema ukuchelela phezulu, okubangela izifo zamahlamvu. Uma amahlamvu ane-tint engalungile, ephuzi izitshalo ziniselwa kakhulu. Umhlabathi uyokoma kakhulu eduze kwesitshalo esinganiselwanga kahle futhi ungase uqhekeke. U-anyanisi ngokuvamile udinga u-30″ wokunisela ngesikhathi sokukhula futhi lapho sekusondele ukuvuna, isidingo esikhulu samanzi. Uma u-anyanisi engawatholi amanzi anele ngeke enze isibani esikhulu. Lapho izintamo ziqala ukuwa futhi u-anyanisi usuvuthiwe, ukuchelela kufanele kuyekwe futhi inhlabathi ivunyelwe ukuba yome.
I-Microirrigation kanye ne-fertigation yesilimo sika-anyanisi:
Ngokusebenzisa ukuvuza futhi abafafazayo, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kanye ezinsukwini ezintathu. Ingcindezi yokusebenza ye-a uhlelo lokudonsa ingu-1.5kg/cm2 kanye neye-rotary micro isifafaza 2.5kg/cm2. Ngokuconsa, ukuvundisa kufanele kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-nitrogen umquba (Urea). Faka u-50% N njengomthamo we-basal bese u-50% osele we-N usetshenziswe emikhawulweni eyisikhombisa (ikhefu lezinsuku eziyi-10 kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-70 ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha) ukuvuza ngenkasa uhlelo.
Ukulawula ukhula kanye nokuphathwa kwensimu ka-anyanisi:
Isivuno kufanele sigcinwe ukhula mahhala ukuze uthole isivuno esihle sama-bulb. Ku-anyanisi otshaliwe kabusha, ukufakwa kwangaphambi kokuvela kwe-Oxyfluorfen (Inhloso) @ 0.15-0.25 kg ai/ha noma i-Fluchloralin (Basalin) @1.0kg/ha noma i-Pendimethalin (Stomp) 3.5 l/ha kuhlanganiswe nokukhula kwesandla esisodwa kwatholakala kusebenza kahle zombili izinkathi zikaKharif noRabi.
Oka-anyanisi i-nursery kanye nesitshalo sembewu eqondile, ukufaka i-Pendimethalin @3ml/litre ngemva nje kokuhlwanyela kutholakala kangcono ekulawuleni ukhula ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhluma, ukukhula kwezithombo, kanye nesitendi sokugcina.
Ukujikeleza kokunqampuna Ekukhiqizeni U-anyanisi :
Ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekulimeni kuka-anyanisi I-Soybean ngenkathi ye-Kharif elandelwa u-anyanisi in rabi isizini iyona engcono kakhulu ukuzungezisa isivuno okuthuthukisa ukuvunda komhlabathi kanye nenzuzo yemali.
Ukuvunwa, isivuno, kanye nokugcinwa kuka-anyanisi:
U-anyanisi kufanele uvunwe ku-50% esigabeni sokuwa kwentamo. Landela ukuvuna yama-anyanisi asesigabeni esifanele sokuvuthwa. Kubalulekile ekunqumeni impilo ka-anyanisi ngoba ama-bulb angagcinwa cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Izigaxa zika-anyanisi, zifinyelela ukuvuthwa lapho izitshalo ziyeka ukukhiqiza amaqabunga nezimpande ezintsha. Ku-anyanisi, ukuwa kwentamo kuwuphawu lokuvuthwa. Isikhathi sokuvuna sincike ezintweni eziningi ngesikhathi sokutshala kwethikithi, uhlobo, intengo yemakethe kanye nesimo sesitshalo. Ngokuvamile, lapho i-50% iwa entanyeni ibonakala isivuno siyavunwa. U-anyanisi wokugcina kufanele uthuthukiswe ngokugcwele. Ama-thick-neck bulbs aphumela ngenxa yokuvuna ngaphambi kwesikhathi awagcini kahle. Ukuvuna sekwephuzile kuholela ekwandeni kokuphefumula, ukungenwa yizifo okulandelayo kanye nokuhluma ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokugcinwa isikhathi eside nokushiywa endaweni yokushiswa yilanga ensimini nakho kuyabonwa. Ama-bulb avunwa ngokudonsa ngesandla uma inhlabathi ilula; zivunwa nangezinto ezisetshenziswa ngesandla. Isitshalo se-Kharif, njengoba ukukhula kuqhubeka ukudilizwa okuphoqelekile kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kumiswe ukukhula ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ngaphambi kokuvuna. U-anyanisi kanye neziqongo zigcinwa ensimini izinsuku ezingu-2-3, ukuphulukiswa kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4 kuyadingeka ukususa umswakama owedlulele esikhumbeni sangaphandle nasentanyeni ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncipha nokuthuthukiswa kombala endaweni yokugcina.
Veza: | U-anyanisi (Kharif) | 15-20t/ha |
U-anyanisi (Late Kharif) | 30-35t/ha | |
U-anyanisi (Rabi) | 25-30t/ha |
Ukuthengisa U-anyanisi:
Ukumaketha kulula kakhulu, lapho ungahlinzeka khona ezitolo zasendaweni noma ezitolo ezidayisayo noma ungathengisa emagcekeni emakethe kahulumeni.
Yilokho kuphela abantu mayelana nokusetshenziswa kuka-anyanisi kanye nemikhuba yokulima. Qhubeka ukhula u-anyanisi ukuze uthole umhlaba ongcono!
Funda: IHydroponic Growing System.