Umcwaningi wase-Cornell uqedele uhlelo oluthatha amashumi eminyaka lokuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha zikatamatisi ezimelana nezinambuzane ngokwemvelo futhi zikhawulele ukudluliswa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane yizinambuzane.
U-Martha Mutschler-Chu, umlimi wezitshalo kanye nesazi sofuzo ohola lolu hlelo, usanda kufaka isethi yokuqala yemigqa yocwaningo lukatamatisi olumelana nezinambuzane ohlelweni lwe-germplasm yoMnyango Wezolimo wase-US kanye ne-Tomato Genetics Resource Center eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia-Davis, itholakale ukuze noma ubani afinyelele izitshalo ukuze enze ucwaningo.
Kule ntwasahlobo, i-Mutschler-Chu izoqedela ukwakhiwa kwesethi entsha yemigqa engu-20 ye-elite, ezobe isitholakala kunoma iyiphi inkampani yembewu enentshisekelo, engase ikhiqize izici ezimelana nezinambuzane zibe izinhlobo zentengiso. Ukuzalanisa izinhlobo ezintsha kungathatha izinkampani zembewu kuze kufike eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba ziqale ukuthengisa izinhlobo ezintsha ezimelana nezinambuzane.
Kubalimi, lezi zinzuzo zizonikeza ukulahleka kwezitshalo okuncane kanye nokulimala kwezithelo, kuyilapho ziqeda noma zehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nokuvikela imvelo.
Ukumelana nezinambuzane kulawa tamatisi kwathathwa kutamatisi wasendle odabuka ePeru, iSolanum pennellii. Utamatisi wase-Andean unezinwele ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-trichomes akhipha amaconsi enhlanganisela kashukela, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-acylsugars, axosha izinambuzane. Ngale ndlela, izitshalo ngokuphepha futhi ngokwemvelo zivimbela izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane, zizivimbele ukuthi zingadli, zidle amaqabunga kanye nokudlulisa amagciwane, noma zizalele amaqanda, lapho izibungu zingalimaza izitshalo.
"Imigqa emisha ihlanganisa izitshalo nezithelo ezisezingeni elingcono ezinamazinga aphezulu e-acylsugars, inhlanganisela yezinkampani zembewu idinga ukudlulisa isici se-acylsugar ezinhlobonhlobo zezohwebo," kusho u-Mutschler-Chu, uprofesa osekhulile eSikoleni Sesayensi Yezitshalo Edidiyelwe, Isigaba Sokukhiqiza Izitshalo Nezofuzo. , ingxenye yeKolishi Lezolimo Nesayensi Yezempilo.
Emkhakheni nasezivivinyweni zaselabhorethri zemigqa yokuqala yocwaningo, ososayensi bezitshalo abavela e-Cornell nabanye abalingani abayisikhombisa basenyuvesi (North Carolina State University; University of Georgia, Clemson University; University of Florida; University of California, Davis; University of California, Riverside; kanye I-Tennessee Tech University) ithole ukuthi amazinga alungile kanye nohlobo lwama-acylsugars alawula ama-thrips ezimbali zasentshonalanga asakaza ubukhona obunamabala. igciwane, nezimpukane ezimhlophe ezisakaza igciwane le-yellow leaf curl. Ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezingenwe yilezi zifo ezibhubhisayo futhi, ku izivivinyo zensimu, lezo zifo zenzeka ngasekupheleni kwesizini.
"Ukuze uthole ukulawulwa kwegciwane okungcono kakhulu, ngiphakamise ukuthi izinkampani zembewu zisebenzise indlela enezingqimba ezimbili: zenze ama-hybrid anezimpawu ze-acylsugar kanye nofuzo olujwayelekile lokumelana negciwane," kusho uMutschler-Chu. Uma izinambuzane zikwazi ukuthelela isitshalo ngegciwane naphezu kwama-acylsugars, izakhi zofuzo ezimelana negciwane zinikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe.
"Luhlelo oluzovikela ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zofuzo zokumelana negciwane ngoba uma kunegciwane elincane elingena esitshalweni, amathuba okuthi leli gciwane libe nokuguquguquka okungahleliwe okukhiqiza uhlobo olunqobayo ukumelana nalo liyehla," kusho uMitschler-Chu. Ngokufanayo, njengoba ama-acylsugars engenabo ubuthi futhi engazibulali izinambuzane, incane ingcindezi yokukhetha ukuthi izinambuzane ngokwazo zikwazi ukubekezela, ngakho-ke zijwayela kancane kancane entweni exoshayo.
Imigqa emisha ye-elite, ezotholakala maduze ezinkampanini zembewu, iningi lezakhi zofuzo zasendle ezivela ku-S. pennellii ezikhuthaza izici ezingathandeki ngokwezolimo zisuswe ku-genome yazo. I-Mutschler-Chu igcine izakhi zofuzo ezibucayi ze-acylsugar ngenkathi isusa ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zofuzo zasendle ezibangele izici ezingezinhle njengamagatsha amaningi, izithelo ezincane kanye nephunga elibi. Nakuba imigqa yocwaningo yokuqala iqukethe cishe u-12% we-wild S. pennellii DNA, imigqa emisha kakhulu yehlele cishe ku-2.5% we-DNA yasendle.
Ngokwamagama abanzi, umsebenzi ukhombisa inqubo yokuhlanganisa isici esibalulekile, esisekelwe kwinhlanganisela yemvelo ephephile, elawulwa izakhi zofuzo eziningi, futhi esebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene amagciwane kanye nezilokazane eziningi, isu elingase lizuzise nezinye izitshalo, kusho u-Mutschler-Chu.
Nakuba imigqa ye-elite izokhishwa ngaphandle kokuthi noma iyiphi inkampani yembewu ikhiqize izici ezinhlobonhlobo zabo zentengiso, kuzodingeka bafake isicelo selayisensi kwa-Cornell's Center for Technology Licensing ngaphambi kokuba bathengise imbewu.