Inani lezinyosi emhlabeni lincipha kakhulu kangangokuthi kuze kube manje isayensi ayikwazanga ukuhlehla. Abanye ososayensi basebenzela izixazululo kulabo abanecala - izifo, izinambuzane, ukutholakala kwefolishi yezinyosi kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane - kuyilapho abanye befuna ezinye izindlela zokukhetha impova yezinyosi.
Amaqembu amathathu ososayensi abheka amarobhothi njengendlela yokunciphisa ukuncika emvuzweni yezinyosi. Ababili babo baklame amarobhothi amancane andizayo, kanti eyesithathu iklama irobhothi elinamasondo.
Womathathu amadivaysi angama-prototypes. Amaphrojekthi asemoyeni asethathe amaphiko, kuyilapho imodeli yaphansi isesigabeni sayo sokuqala sokuklama. Abacwaningi baseYunivesithi yaseHarvard baqala umsebenzi wabo eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, kuyilapho ososayensi baseJapane Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sesayensi Yezimboni Ethuthukisiwe Nobuchwepheshe muva nje kwethule impova yasemoyeni engenantambo eqoqa futhi ifake impova.
Ngokusebenzisa indlela egxilile, ithimba le-West Virginia University's (WVU) eliqondisa izigwegwe eziningi liklama irobhothi elizimele, elinamasondo elikwazi ukuthola indawo, ukuhlonza nokufaka impova izimbali ngazinye.
Iflaya yaseJapane
Kumenyezelwe ku-Chem, ijenali ebuyekezwe ngontanga, idivayisi yaseJapane iqukethe indiza encane, engenazintambo enebhande lezinwele zehhashi elixhunywe ngaphansi kwayo. Iwukuphela kwethuluzi eliyirobhothi elifake impova esitshalweni - kulokhu, umnduze waseJapane ekuhlolweni kwelebhu.
U-Eijiro Miyako, othintana naye oholayo wale phrojekthi, uvale ibhande lerobhothi ngejeli ewuketshezi ye-ionic. Ama-ILG ahlala enamathela isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezijwayelekile nezinzima, kusho yena. Ziyakwazi futhi ukumelana namanzi.
Inhlanganisela yandisa indawo engaphezulu yebhande esebenzisekayo, okwalisiza ukuba liqoqe futhi ligcine inani lempova elisebenzayo lapho lindiza. Ubumanzi bejeli kanye nezakhiwo ze-electrostatic kunciphisa amathuba okulimala kwempova lapho ibhande lithintana ne-stamens nama-pistils.
UMiyako wachaza umsebenzi wokuhlola indiza engenazindiza ukuze ithuthele izimbali izimbali ngokuthi “unzima kakhulu. Ngikholelwa ukuthi uhlobo lwe-artificial intelligence (AI), i-GPS namakhamera anesinqumo esiphezulu kungaba usizo olukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemishini yakusasa,” esho engxoxweni ye-imeyili.
I-AI ingase futhi ithuthukise ukuziphatha kwe-drone pollinating.
"I-swarm ye-AI yezinyosi ze-robotic inganquma indlela emfushane yokuqhakaza kanye nezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuhambisa impova," esho.
I-RoboBee yaseHarvard
Impova iwuhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa nje Umcwaningi oholayo weYunivesithi yaseHarvard uRobert Wood ibona kusengaphambili irobhothi le-microelectronic. Yena nethimba lakhe bacabanga ukuthi kungase kube usizo emisebenzini yokusesha nokuhlenga.
Ukwakha i RoboBee kwakungenakwenzeka kwaze kwaba yilapho besungula indlela entsha yokukhiqiza. Okubizwa nge-Pop-Up MEMS, izincwadi ezizivelelayo kanye ne-origami kunikeze ugqozi. Inqubo isebenzisa ungqimba olunzulu kanye nenqubo yokugoqa ngaphakathi kohlaka oluhlanganisa amarobhothi ngomnyakazo owodwa.
Cishe usayizi wekota yase-US, i-RoboBee ingamamilimitha angu-2.4 ubude futhi inesisindo esingaphansi kwama-ounces angu-3.2. Iyandiza futhi iyabhukuda futhi ingahlala ibheke phansi endaweni eyisicaba, isebenzisa ugesi omile. Okulandelayo, abacwaningi baseHarvard bafuna ukwakha “isidleke” sezinyosi ukuze ziphinde zishaje amandla azo.
Imibono yezinkuni I-RoboBees itshalwe ngoswebezane, efana nenye yezinto eziqanjiwe, ama-Kilobots. Abacwaningi baseHarvard basebenzisa la marobhothi amancane, azimele ukuze aphenye iqoqo le-AI kanye nokuziphatha koswebezane.
Irobhothi rover
I-WVU prototype ithola ezokuthutha zayo zerobhothi kumodeli yonjiniyela yabafundi abakhelwe futhi esetshenziswa ukuwina i-NASA's 2016 Sample Return Robot Centennial Challenge. Abafundi baklame irobhothi elizimele ukuze lihambe lizungeza inkambu futhi libuyise izinto kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe kuphela obukwazi ukusebenza endaweni ye-Martian noma yenyanga.
Umsebenzi waleli robhothi yilokho umseshi walo oyinhloko akubiza ngokuthi ukunemba kwempova.
“Asinandaba nje nokuphephetha umoya noma ukunyakazisa izitshalo ukuze zithole impova. Siyakuthakasela ukubhekana nezimbali ngazinye,” kusho U-Yu Gu, uprofesa we-aerospace we-WVU kanye nomsizi wobunjiniyela bemishini.
U-Gu nethimba lakhe bazofaka uxhaxha lwama-lidar namakhamera ukuze ikwazi ingalo yerobhothi ikwazi ukuthola izimbali ngazinye, inqume ukusebenza kwazo futhi ifake impova ezizimbalini ezinempilo. Ngokufanayo ne-radar, i-lidar isebenzisa ama-pulses okukhanya akhiqizwa nge-laser - esikhundleni samaza omsindo - ukuthola izinto.
I-WVU izohlola i-pollinator yayo kuma-raspberries abamba ukushisa namajikijolo amnyama. Ikhono lokuhlola irobhothi ezizukulwaneni eziningi zamajikijolo phakathi nonyaka owodwa linqume ukuthi basebenzise isayithi elingaphakathi. Lona umzuliswano wokuqala nje wocwaningo; ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kuzokwenzeka ezifundweni ezilandelayo.
“Sifuna ukukhombisa ukuthi kuyenzeka kuqala,” kusho uGu.
Okwamanje …
Ama-entomologists e- I-Danforth Lab e-Cornell University kholelwa ukuthi izinyosi zomdabu zingakwazi ukuthwala ezinye, futhi ezimweni ezimbalwa, zonke izidingo ze-pollination yensimu yezithelo. Umqondisi wezocwaningo kanye nokuxhumana kule lab, uMaria van Dyke, uthe kunezivande ezimbalwa zesifunda saseNew York ezingasaqashi izidleke kodwa zisebenzisa impova yezinyosi zomdabu.
Lokhu kungase kubaluleke kakhulu manje, njengoba imodeli ngayinye yerobhothi ineminyaka engu-10 okungenani kusukela ekukhululweni kwezentengiso. Irobhothi lika-Harvard lisaboshelwe emthonjeni walo wamandla, futhi isistimu yokuqondisa irobhothi laseJapane ingase izuze ekwengezweni kwe-GPS nobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Ithimba likaGu le-WVU alikaqedi isigaba salo sokuhlela. Uma i-prototype seyakhiwe, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-greenhouse futhi bahlole ikhwalithi yesithelo se-robotic pollinated ngokumelene nesithelo esimpova ngokwemvelo.
- UDavid Weinstock, intatheli ye-FGN