Abaningi bethu badla uhlobo oluthile lwezitshalo ezikhethekile nsuku zonke. Noma ngabe udla izithelo nemifino yakho, noma usebenzisa izinongo ezithile ukusiza ukuqeda leso sidlo esihle kakhulu, usebenzisa izitshalo ezikhethekile.
Naphezu kokusabalala kwezitshalo ezikhethekile - kanye neqiniso lokuthi njengamanje inenani lemakethe lama- $79.8 billion (okuhlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-16% wesamba somkhiqizo wezolimo) - ngokuvamile le ngxenye yezolimo ayinakwa.
Kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kungani. “Izilimo eziyisipesheli” yigama elibanzi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi elihlanganisa izinto eziningi ezahlukene. NgokoMthethosivivinywa Wezolimo ka-2004, kuchazwa izitshalo ezikhethekile “njengezithelo nemifino, amantongomane ezihlahla, izithelo ezomisiwe, i-horticulture, nezitshalo zasenkulisa (kuhlanganise ne-floriculture).” Ngisho nale ncazelo ibanzi, uma kubhekwa ukuthi imikhiqizo eminingi ehlukene ingawela ngaphansi “kwezithelo” kanye “nemifino.” Futhi ngokuvamile, uma sikhuluma ngezolimo, ukugxila kuzithola kuhloswe kakhulu ezitshalweni ezilandelanayo noma ezolimo zezilwane. Ngenkathi izitshalo zomugqa zenza izitshalo ezimbalwa ezikhethiwe ezivame ukuvunwa ngenhlanganisela futhi zakhe ingxenye enkulu yamapulazi ase-US, izitshalo ezikhethekile zivame ukutholakala eCalifornia naseFlorida.
Kodwa-ke, inani lezitshalo ezikhethekile ezitshalwayo likhula kakhulu ezindaweni kulo lonke elase-United States. Izilinganiso zakamuva zitholakele manje kunamapulazi ezitshalo ezikhethekile angaphezu kuka-184,000 athatha amahektha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10.4 zamapulazi. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo okukhethekile kwase-US kuyingxenye enkulu yokukhiqizwa kwezolimo kwase-US, kubhekene nezinselelo eziningi ezibalulekile.
Abakhiqizi base-US bavame ukuzithola besesimweni esingesihle esikalini somhlaba (ngisho nasekhaya) ngoba, ezindaweni eziningi ezweni lonke, ukukhiqiza unyaka wonke akunakwenzeka. Futhi, ngokungafani nezitshalo zomugqa, izitshalo ezikhethekile azikwazi ukukhushulwa ngobuningi futhi zigcinwe ukuze zithengiswe unyaka wonke ngenxa yokukhathazeka okusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ezikhethekile zivame ukuzwela kakhulu isimo sezulu kunozakwabo. Lokhu kubenza babe sengozini enkulu ezimeni ezifana nesimo sezulu esibi sakamuva esibonwe engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-US, okubangele ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo okukhethekile okungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-600 zamaRandi.
Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya nakho kuthinteke kakhulu ngenxa yempi yokuhwebelana eqhubekayo. I-US iyaqhubeka nokungenisa imikhiqizo eminingi yezitshalo ezikhethekile, ezehlisa amanani asekhaya, futhi amanye amazwe ashaye izitshalo ezikhethekile ezikhiqizwe e-US ngamanani aphezulu. Okwamanje, I-Europe ibeke imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-4 zamarandi emikhiqizweni eminingi yase-US. Imithelela yalezo zindleko ingaba mikhulu, nge I-NC State ilinganisela ukuthunyelwa kukabhatata kukodwa nje kungase kunciphise u-$70 million.
Futhi, njengoba kunjalo ngezinto eziningi, izitshalo ezikhethekile zibe nomthelela omubi ubhubhane oluqhubekayo lwe-COVID-19. Ngaphambi kokuthi i-COVID-19 iqhamuke entwasahlobo edlule, kwalinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamasitrobheli aseFlorida kukodwa kwakuntula u-30% womsebenzi owawuwudinga. Izitshalo ezikhethekile zingenye yezinhlobo zezolimo ezidinga abasebenzi abaningi ezikhona namuhla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imisebenzi eminingi ithembele kakhulu kubasebenzi bezolimo besikhashana be-H-2A. Ngesikhathi sodlame, abaningi balaba basebenzi banqanyulwa ukuba beze e-US, futhi labo ababevunyelwe kwadingeka babe nezindawo zokuhlala ezikhethekile, njengoba abakhiqizi nabo kufanele banikeze laba basebenzi izindlu. Ngisho nangaphambi kwalolu bhubhane, nokho, isidingo sabasebenzi sase sidlule kude ukunikezwa.
Nakuba kunezinselelo eziningi, akuzona zonke izindaba ezimbi zomkhakha wezitshalo ezikhethekile. Izinga lokukhula lonyaka lika-2.6% kulindeleke phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo, Futhi amanani ezimpahla asevele enyuke cishe ngamaphesenti angama-40 kusukela ngo-2011. Ekugcineni, nokho, kusazobonakala ukuthi izinselelo ezibhekene nezitshalo ezikhethekile zizonciphisa izinga abakhiqizi abangakwazi ngalo ukusebenzisa amathuba okukhula.
Ukwenyuka kokuqamba okusha phakathi kwabakhiqizi bemishini
Izitshalo ezikhethekile zivame ukuthengiswa ngendlela ezivunwa ngayo, ikakhulukazi ngoba ubuhle bubalulekile kubathengi abaningi. Lokhu kwenze ukwakhiwa kwemishini yokuvuna kube nzima nakakhulu, njengoba abantu abaningi bengafuni ukuthenga izithelo nemifino elimele noma elimele. Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi abambalwa bathole izindlela zokuthuthukisa imishini ekwazi ukuvuna le mikhiqizo ngendlela emnene ngokwanele, ukuze ingalimazi umkhiqizo. Ukwenza kanjalo kuye kwasiza ekwenzeni izinto zokusebenza zikhange nakakhulu futhi emikhiqizweni ethile yezitshalo ezikhethekile, njengamazambane, imishini yokuvuna isineminyaka ikhona. Nokho, ezintweni eziningi zokuvuna zisezintsha futhi azisamukelwa kabanzi.
Yize ukwenziwa ngomshini kokuvunwa kwezitshalo okukhethekile bekuhamba kancane futhi kunzima kakhulu ngenxa yemvelo yezitshalo kanye nokulindelwe ngabathengi, imikhiqizo eminingana isikhona emakethe namuhla, okuhlanganisa abavuni abavela ezinkampanini ezingamalungu e-AEM New Holland, Pellenc, Gregoire, The Morning. I-Star Co. ne-Oxbo.
Eminingi yale mishini ingakwazi ukuhambisana nokuphuma kwabantu abangu-20 ngehora. Lokhu kuhamba ibanga elide ekusizeni ukubhekana nokushoda kwezisebenzi le mboni ebhekene nazo, kanti futhi kuhlinzeka ngomthombo wokudla ophephe kakhudlwana nonokwethenjelwa. Ekwehliseni izidingo zabasebenzi, imishini iphinde ithuthukise amamajini abakhiqizi ngenxa yezindleko ezincishisiwe zomsebenzi ebezingadingeka. Sekukonke, benza imboni ihehe kakhulu ngokombono womkhiqizi ngokusebenzisa izilinganiso ezithuthukisiwe kanye nombono wabasebenzi ngenxa yokuncipha komsebenzi owenziwe ngokomzimba kanye nemisebenzi ekhokha kangcono, yamakhono.
I-Association of Equipment Manufacturers (AEM”s) Iqembu Lobuholi Bezilimo Ezikhethekile
Izinkampani zokuvuna ezishiwo ngaphambilini, kanye no-John Deere (ogandaganda bezitshalo ezikhethekile), i-Kubota (ogandaganda bezitshalo ezikhethekile nezifutha), kanye ne-GUSS Automation (izifutho zezihlahla zezithelo ezizimele), bahlanganisa ama-AEM asanda kwakhiwa. I-Specialty Crop Leadership Group. Iqembu lakhiwe ngokuhambisana ne-AEM's Ibhodi lomkhakha we-Ag Okubalulekile okusanda kugunyazwa ukukhulisa ukufinyelela kwe-AEM kanye neqhaza libe yizitshalo ezikhethekile. Ekugcineni, inhloso yaleli qembu ukusiza ukukhomba indlela i-AEM engayisebenzela ngayo kangcono imboni yezitshalo ezikhethekile iyonke. Kuwo wonke unyaka ozayo, izinhlelo zisemisebenzini yokufundisa abasebenzisi bokugcina nabalawuli mayelana nezitshalo ezikhethekile - ikakhulukazi ukuthi kungani izitshalo ezikhethekile zibalulekile kanye nokubaluleka kokwenza abantu bazi ngobuchwepheshe obukhona.
Naphezu kokuvame ukunganakwa umphakathi jikelele, izitshalo ezikhethekile manje ziphakathi kwemikhiqizo emikhulu yezolimo e-US namuhla. Futhi, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kokubili amathuba nezinselelo zikhona zale mboni edinga abasebenzi abaningi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-AEM izimisele ukusebenzisana nabaholi bezinkampani ukuze ihlangabezane kangcono nezidingo, izimfuno nezimfuno zabasebenzisi bokugcina bemishini abasize ukwenza imboni yezitshalo ezikhethekile ibe yilokhu eyikho namuhla. Ukufeza zonke lezi zinto, nokunye okuningi, yilokho Amaqembu Abaholi Be-AEM amayelana nawo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana ne Iqembu le-AEM's Specialty Crop Leadership Group futhi amanye amaqembu obuholi ayayithanda.
- Austin Gellings, I-Association of Equipment Manufacturers Manager Agricultural Services Services