#PlantPathology #CropDisease #FungalInfection #SustainableAgriculture #BiologicalControl #RNAIinterference #GenomeEditing
Isifo se-white tip, esibangelwa i-fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, siyingozi enkulu ezitshalweni eziningana, kuhlanganise nesoya, i-canola, i-sunflower, ne-ulethisi. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokukhula okumhlophe kwe-cottony eziqwini, emaqabungeni, nasezindumbeni zesitshalo, okuholela ekuboleni nasekufeni kwazo. Isikhunta sikhiqiza izakhiwo eziqinile, ezimnyama, ezisindayo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-sclerotia, ezingahlala zisebenza emhlabathini iminyaka eminingana, okwenza kube nzima ukuphatha lesi sifo.
Ukuthuthukiswa: I-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ihlasela izitshalo ngokukhulula izinhlamvu ezingathwalwa umoya, amanzi, noma izinambuzane. Izinhlamvu zingena esitshalweni ngokusebenzisa izimbobo zemvelo noma amanxeba futhi zizimise esicutshini. Khona-ke ukhunta lukhiqiza ama-enzyme adiliza izindonga zamangqamuzana, okubangela ukukhula okujwayelekile kwe-cottony emhlophe. Lesi sifo singasakazeka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, njengomswakama ophezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo, nezimo ezimanzi.
Imiphumela Yokuthuthukiswa: Isifo se-white tip singabangela ukulahlekelwa kwesivuno esikhulu ezitshalweni ezithintekile, kusukela ku-10% kuya ku-100%, kuye ngobunzima bokutheleleka kanye nesigaba sesitshalo. Lesi sifo singaphinde sibe nomthelela eqophelweni lomkhiqizo, sinciphise inani lawo emakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhunta singangena kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezimbalwa, okwenza kube nzima ukushintshanisa izitshalo nokulawulwa kwezifo.
Ukuze kuliwe nesifo se-white tip, kuye kwasungulwa amasu amaningana, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezimelana nezifo, imikhuba yamasiko, kanye nezibulala-sikhunta. Kodwa-ke, lawa maqhinga anemikhawulo, futhi isikhunta sesenze ukumelana namanye ama-fungicides asetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo sezindlela ezintsha nezisimeme zokulawula lesi sifo.
Abacwaningi bahlola izindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokulawula izinto eziphilayo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-RNA, nokuhlelwa kofuzo, ukuze balwe nosongo lokukhunta. Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuhilela ukusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo ngokwemvelo, njengamabhaktheriya, isikhunta, namagciwane, ukucindezela ukukhula nokusabalala kwe-pathogen. Ukugxambukela kwe-RNA kuyindlela yokuthulisa isakhi sofuzo engasetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezibalulekile ukuze kuphile igciwane. Ukuhlela i-genome iyithuluzi elingasetshenziswa ukwethula ukuguqulwa okuthile ku-genome ye-pathogen, kuyenze ibe yingozi kangako.
Isifo samazinyo amhlophe esibangelwa i-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum siyingozi enkulu ezitshalweni eziningana, futhi ukuphathwa kwaso kudinga indlela ehlangene. Amasu amasha naqhubekayo, njengokulawula kwebhayoloji, ukuphazamiseka kwe-RNA, nokuhlelwa kofuzo, anikeza izixazululo ezithembisayo zokulwa nosongo lokukhunta.