Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, isonto le-Field Days lamafemu okuzalanisa imifino ngokwesiko lenzeka e-Netherlands, lapho kwakwethulwa khona izinhlobo ezivele zijwayeleke nezintsha ngokuphelele. Lokho kwaziwa, ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlobo zemifino ye-biennial kuthatha iminyaka eyi-15-17. Lena inqubo ebizayo futhi ekhandlayo, ngakho zonke izimboni ezizalanisayo zicwaninga ngokukhulu ukuthambekela kwezimakethe ukuze zikwazi ukubikezela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo namahybrids azodingeka esikhathini eside.
Ngabe ulibonaphi ikusasa lemakethe yemifino?
- Ekuhlukaniseni okunikezwayo, kokubili ngokwezinhlobo nemikhiqizo.
- Ezinhlobonhlobo zemibala, ngoba imibala ehlukene ayigcini nje ukufaka isandla ekubukeni okukhangayo kwemikhiqizo, kodwa izingulube zezitshalo ezahlukene zithuthukisa impilo yomuntu.
- Emikhiqizweni yobukhulu obuncane (iklabishi, i-cauliflower, i-broccoli, amakhanda e-ulethisi, ithanga, izaqathe, ama-beet) - ifaneleka kangcono imindeni emincane yanamuhla futhi inciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukudla.
- Ingazweli ezifweni nezinambuzane - inciphisa ukuthembela emikhiqizweni yokuvikela izitshalo futhi inikeza umkhiqizo wokugcina ohlanzekile, ongangcolisiwe.
Okunye okubalulekile kobuchwepheshe bokulima:
- ukudalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezizokwazi ukuzivumelanisa kangcono nezimo zezulu ezishintshayo;
- izinhlobo ezifaneleke ngokukhethekile ubuchwepheshe besimanje (ukuvuna ngomshini noma ama-hydroponics);
- izinhlobo ezifanele ikakhulukazi ukulima organic.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezimelana ngaphambili nangaphezulu
Ifemu eyaziwayo i-Bejo izama ukwakha izinhlobo ezimelana kakhulu ezizokwazi ukunikeza isivuno esihle ezimweni zezulu ezihlukene. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nezifo ezihlukahlukene, okungenani ezisabalele, ukuze zifanelekele ukulima kwe-Biological kanye nokuhlanganisa.
Isibonelo, u-anyanisi ophuzi 'Hylander' F1, 'Redlander' F1 obomvu kanye nama-shallots asuka kumbewu 'Innovator' F1 anokumelana okuphezulu no-anyanisi impuphu yeqiniso (Peronospora destructor).
I-hybrid ye-beet yetafula entsha ethembisayo 'Bazzu' F1 imelana ngokumaphakathi ne-infection ehlala emhlabathini i-Rhizomania spp. ukusabalala eminyakeni yamuva emazweni aseScandinavia. Lokhu kutheleleka akukatholakali eLatvia, kodwa esikhathini sokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, kungafika nakithi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi, le hybrid imelana ne-beet necrotic leaf vein yellowing virus (BNYVV) kanye namachashazi amaqabunga amaningi. Izimpande zawo zinokusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke-ukusetshenziswa okusha, ukucutshungulwa nokugcinwa isikhathi eside.
Into entsha ethokozisayo i-hybrid ye-carrot yohlobo lwe-Nantes 'Nagovia' F1 (okungamele kudidaniswe ne-'Negovia' ebiyaziwa ngaphambilini). Isanda kuqala, ithela kakhulu, inamagxolo abushelelezi ikakhulukazi futhi imelana ne-root pythiosis (Pythium spp.). Ingenye yezimpande ezibhubhisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, ngendlela efanayo, lokhu kutheleleka kungabangela ukuba amahlumela e-carrot aphume. Enye i-carrot hybrid ethakazelisa kakhulu i-'Nordhorn' F1. Ilungele ukuvunwa kanye nokugcinwa isikhathi eside kwezimpande eziphakathi nendawo (150-250 g). Le hybrid ifana kakhulu ne-hybrid ethandwayo ethi 'Nerac' F1, kodwa iyayidlula ngempilo (ukumelana nezifo okuhle), amaqabunga aphikelelayo (lokhu kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuvunwa kwezaqathi ngemishini) kanye nokumelana kangcono nokuqhuma nokuphuka. Enye inzuzo - iqondaniswe kakhulu ngosayizi kanye nokuma kwempande, ngenxa yokuthi kunesivuno esiphezulu sesivuno sempahla yemakethe.
Inkampani yaseJapan i-Takii ayisebenzi nje kuphela ngemifino kanye nezitshalo zokuhlobisa, yethule kulo nyaka izinhlobonhlobo 'ze-Ground Control' zamavelvethi (i-Tagetes patula), edalelwe ngokukhethekile ukulawula ama-nematode ayingozi ezitshalweni. Ukutshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo akugcini nje ukunciphisa inani lezinambuzane kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezitshalo okubangelwa yikho, kodwa futhi kwandisa inani lezinto eziphilayo emhlabathini, kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwayo futhi kwandise izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ibikezela isithakazelo sabathengi ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zeklabishi
Ikusasa lemakethe yemifino libonakala emikhiqizweni emincane, kuhlanganise nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zeklabishi.
Isithombe: sisuka kungobo yomlando ye-"AGRO TOPA"
Amafemu amaningana azalelayo alindele ukuthi isidingo seklabishi lekhanda elimhlophe sizokwehla esikhathini esizayo, kanti isithakazelo sabathengi kwezinye izitshalo zeklabishi sizokhula.
Ukunikezwa kwe-cauliflower hybrids kugcwaliswa yifemu i-Bejo 'Newlyn' F1 - ikholifulawa ukuze iqoqwe ekwindla ngasekupheleni. Igcina impilo yayo isikhathi eside futhi ibekezelela kahle isithwathwa sasebusuku. Amakhanda ahlala amade ngesikhathi sokubona.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Sakata eqinile inikeza i-violet cauliflower hybrid entsha 'Purpurina' F1. Ikhula ngokushesha, yakha amakhanda ayindilinga amahle anombala onsomi oqinile futhi ilungele ukulinywa kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla.
Inkampani i-Rijk Zwaan igcizelela ukumelana nezifo, lokhu kuboniswa yi-hybrid entsha ethi 'Johnsson' F1, eyakhuliswa kabanzi eNetherlands kulo nyaka. I-Romanesco yohlobo lwe-cauliflower 'Delaverde' F1 nayo ihlukaniswa ngokumelana okuhle kwezifo kanye nokukhula okuqinile. Ilungele ukuvunwa kwekwindla.
Lezi zindaba ziphakathi kwe-broccoli. I-Sakata eqinile yethula uhlobo olusha lwe-broccoli onsomi 'Purple Magic', ekhiqiza ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, akhe amakhanda anesisindo esingama-400 g.
Iklabishi elimhlophe alikhohliwe. Ihybrid entsha yenkampani ye-Bejo 'Expectation' F1 yakhelwe ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, inokumelana okuhle nama-thrips (Thrips spp.) kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene zamaqabunga. Amakhanda kulula ukuwahlanza. Le hybrid ilungele ukutshala enhlabathini enobumba. Enye i-hybrid 'Chinook' F1 ihloselwe ukucutshungulwa, yakha amakhanda acindezelekile, ihlukaniswa ngesivuno esiphezulu. Ifanele ukuvunwa ngo-August, ekuqaleni kuka-September.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi elinamakhanda amhlophe zinefemu i-Rijk Zwaan. AmaHybrids 'Dulcima' F1 kanye ne-Longma ' F1 ayakwazi ukumelana nama-thrips. I-hybrid 'Missourima' F1, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhiqiza kakhulu, ikhula kakhulu futhi ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwe-organic sauerkraut. I-Hybrid 'Axioma' F1 yenzelwe ukugcina isikhathi eside, izithombo zazo ezingaboniswa kuze kufike ku-10. Juni. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi isivele yafudumala ngokwanele ukuze izinqubo zokugaywa kwamaminerali zisebenze (okungukuthi, i-nitrogen ikhishwa ezintweni eziphilayo). Ukulimala kwama-thrips ngalesi sikhathi nakho kuncane.
Ukukhula ukuthandwa kwethanga
Kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ukuthandwa kwamathanga kuye kwanda eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Izindaba eziningi ezithakazelisayo zinenkampani iSakata. Isibonelo, i-'Mieluna' iwuhlobo lokuqala lwe-butternut olusuka emnikelweni wamanje we-Sakata. Inezithelo zekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu ezinenyama ewolintshi emnyama, enesisindo esiphakathi kuka-1.1-1.2 kg.
Ukungeza kuhlu oseluvele lujwayelekile lwezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Halloween ('Spyro', 'Flynn', 'Boomer' ne-'Terrafin'), abafuyi benkampani sebeqala ukwethula abafuyi ezinombolweni ezintsha kuhlu lwe-Spagetty kanye namathanga amancane. Izithelo ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile-ezincane zemindeni emincane, kulula ukuzilungiselela, kufaka phakathi kuhhavini ye-microwave. Kusele ukulinda lezi zinombolo ukuze zithole igama futhi imbewu yazo izonikezwa uhla olubanzi lwabalimi.