Ukulima okuqondile kuyindlela yokulima eshintshashintshayo ethola ukuduma ngenxa yekhono layo lokudala ukukhiqizwa kokudla okusimeme unyaka wonke. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezingatshalwa epulazini eliqondile.
Kuyini ukulima okuqondile futhi kusebenza kanjani?
Ukulima okuqondile kuyindlela yezolimo ebandakanya ukutshala izitshalo ezendlalelo ezibekwe phezulu kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obukhulayo bendawo elawulwayo (CEA) obufana ne-hydroponics noma i-aquaponics. Ubuchwepheshe Bendawo Elawulwa Ngokuphelele (i-TCEA) bunikeza i-microclimate ebikezelwa ngokugcwele, enezilungiselelo ezinembile zezinto ezizungezile ezifana nokushisa, ukukhanya, amanzi, nokulethwa kwezakhi. Ngokulawula lezi zakhi, le ndlela yokulima ivumela izitshalo ukuthi zilinywe unyaka wonke.
Epulazini elime mpo, ukukhanya okwenziwayo, izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nezixazululo zemisoco kuyalawulwa ukuze kwakhiwe izindlela zokupheka ezisekelwe ezitshalweni eziseqophelweni ngalinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula nesivuno esihle kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zamapulazi aqondile
Ake sibheke izinzuzo ezimbalwa zokulima okuqondile nokuthi kungasetshenziswa kanjani ukukhulisa umkhiqizo, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusimama kwemisebenzi ekhulayo ekhona.
Inzuzo enkulu yokulima okuqondile yikhono layo lokukhiqiza izitshalo unyaka wonke, kungakhathaliseki isimo sezulu kanye nenkathi yonyaka. Lokhu kufezwa ngokulawula yonke indawo ekhulayo (ukushisa, ukukhanya, umoya, umswakama), okuvumela izitshalo ukuthi zitshalwe ngokuqhubekayo endaweni ephephile. Ngokuphambene, ezinye izindlela zokulima zincike esimweni sezulu sesizini, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esiguquguqukayo futhi esingathembeki, esingakhawulela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kanye nesivuno. Ilungele ikakhulukazi ukutshala nokuvuna izitshalo ezifana nemifino enamaqabunga, ama-microgreens kanye notshani.
Enye inzuzo yamapulazi aqondile ukusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo. Njengoba inani labantu liqhubeka likhula futhi indawo yezwe iba mncane, ukukhula okuqondile kwendlu kunikeza isixazululo sokukhiqiza ukudla okwengeziwe ngemitha-skwele ngayinye yomhlaba. Lokhu kuvumela ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kokudla ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho indawo ibaluleke kakhulu futhi kunciphisa isidingo sokuthutha amabanga amade, okunomthelela ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.
Esimeni sezolimo esilawulwayo sepulazi elima mpo, izinambuzane nezifo zingavinjelwa noma zilawulwe ngaphandle kwesidingo samakhemikhali ngokuvamile alimaza inhlabathi kanye nemithombo yamanzi ezungezile, okubangela ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ukulima okuqondile kusebenzisa amanzi amancane kakhulu kunokulima kwendabuko ngoba amapulazi amile aphinde asebenzise amanzi futhi. Ikakhulukazi, bangaphinda basebenzise amanzi angaba ngu-95% asetshenzisiwe, kanye nokuqoqa amanzi emvula emvelo, aphathwa ukuze asetshenziswe ohlelweni lokunisela oluvaliwe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba ukushoda kwamanzi kuyinkinga eyandayo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.
Yini engatshalwa epulazini eliqondile?
Ukutshala imifino enamaqabunga emapulazini aqondile
Imifino enamahlamvu ingenye yezitshalo ezitshalwa kakhulu abalimi abame mpo njengoba idinga indawo encane, inomjikelezo omfushane wokukhula futhi ingatshalwa kalula kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-hydroponic. Ezinye izibonelo zemifino enamahlamvu engatshalwa epulazini eliqondile ihlanganisa ulethisi, i-basil, nokunye.
Ukukhulisa izithelo nemifino emapulazini aqondile
Izithelo zingatshalwa futhi emapulazini aqondile, nakuba inqubo yokukhula ingaba nzima kakhulu kunemifino eluhlaza ngenxa yobude bezitshalo.
Izithombo ze-Strawberry noma zikatamatisi zivame ukutshalwa emapulazini aqondile lapho izinhlelo zihlinzeka ngemisoco edingekayo kanye nezimo zokukhula. Izithombo zizobe sezithuthelwa ku-greenhouse, polytunnel noma uhlelo lokulima endaweni evulekile ukuze zikhule.
Izitshalo zezithelo ezincane ezifana nopelepele zingatshalwa izikhathi eziningi epulazini eliqondile.
Inzuzo yokutshala lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo epulazini eliqondile ukuthi lolu hlelo luvumela ukukhiqiza unyaka wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu sinjani. Lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukutholakala okuthembekile kwezithombo ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi kunciphise ukuncika ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe.
Ukutshala izihlahla emapulazini aqondile
Izinhlelo zokulima eziqondile zilungele ukutshala izithombo zezihlahla njengoba zinikeza ukulawula okunembile kwezinto ezikhulayo ezifana nokukhanya, izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye namazinga ezakhi.