#CentralAsia #agriculture #water-savingtechnologies #dripirrigation #sustainablefarming #climatechange #waterconservation #Uzbekistan #FAO #agricultureinnovation
Amazwe ase-Asia Emaphakathi abhekene nenkinga enkulu yamanzi, njengoba lesi sifunda sibhekene namazinga aphezulu “okucindezeleka kwamanzi,” ngokwe-Food and Agriculture Organization yeZizwe Ezihlangene (FAO). I-Uzbekistan ne-Turkmenistan yizona ezisengozini enkulu, amazinga okusetshenziswa kwamanzi angaphezu kwesilinganiso somhlaba wonke. E-Uzbekistan iyodwa, ezolimo zenza ngaphezu kwama-90% okusetshenziswa kwamanzi, okubeka ingcindezi enkulu ekuncipheni kwemithombo yamanzi.
Ukubhekana nale nkinga, i-Uzbekistan iqale uhambo oluguquguqukayo olubheke ekongiweni kwamanzi. Kusukela ngo-2019, uhulumeni ubelokhu esekela abalimi ekuthatheni ubuchwepheshe bokulondoloza amanzi. Ukwethulwa kokunisela ngamaconsi, amasistimu okufafaza, kanye nemishini yokukalanisa nge-laser kuholele ekongeni okukhulu kwamanzi kanye nesivuno esikhulayo. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-drip irrigation kuholele ekongeni okufika ku-60% ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ngenkathi kukhulisa isivuno sikakotini ngama-quintals ayi-10-15 ihektha ngalinye.
Abalimi abafana noYuldosh Hasanov wasesifundazweni saseSurkhandarya bazibonele ngawabo izinzuzo zalobu buchwepheshe. Ngokuqalisa ukuchelela ngamaconsi, iqoqo le-Hasanov lazuza ukonga amanzi okumangalisayo kanye nesivuno sikakotini esiphindwe kabili. Naphezu kwezinselelo zokuqala, kuhlanganise nezindleko eziphezulu zemishini nokugcinwa, u-Hasanov usalokhu enethemba mayelana nezinzuzo zesikhathi eside zokwamukela izinqubo zokonga amanzi.
Kodwa-ke, ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwalobu buchwepheshe kubhekana nezithiyo, okuhlanganisa izindleko eziphezulu zokuqalisa kanye nesidingo sobuchwepheshe bomsebenzi. Abalimi abaningi, abajwayele izindlela zendabuko, bayangabaza ukutshala izimali ezintsha ezindleleni zokunisela ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngenzuzo kanye nokukhokhwa kwemali mboleko. Nokho, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlela isikhathi eside kanye nokwesekwa kukahulumeni ekunqobeni lezi zinselele.
Ukusabela esidingweni esiphuthumayo sokongiwa kwamanzi, uhulumeni wase-Uzbekistan wethule izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe okonga amanzi kanye nokukhuthaza isiko lokuphathwa kahle kwamanzi. Ngokusebenzisa uxhaso, ikhefu lentela, nemikhankaso yokuqwashisa, izwe lihlose ukuguqula umkhakha walo wezolimo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okusimeme ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Umkhakha wezolimo wase-Asia Emaphakathi umi esimeni esibucayi, ubhekene nezinselelo ezimbili zokushoda kwamanzi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe okonga amanzi kunikeza inhlansi yethemba, ethembisa ukunciphisa umthelela wokucindezeleka kwamanzi ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza kwezolimo. Ngokutshala imali emisha, ukukhuthaza ubudlelwano, kanye nokubeka phambili imikhuba esimeme, amazwe ase-Asia Emaphakathi angabhekana nenkinga yamanzi futhi akhe ikusasa lezolimo eliqinile.