Umngcele wabalimi bemifino wamapulazi aqondile manje unokusekelwa kwe-USDA.
Ithimba lezifundazwe eziningi labacwaningi basenyuvesi linesibonelelo seminyaka emine socwaningo lwezitshalo olukhethekile lwe-USDA (SCRI) lokutadisha izindlela ezingcono kakhulu nezomnotho zokukhula kwangaphakathi kanye nendlela yokukwenza kahle. Ibizwa nge-OptimIA (Optimizing Indoor Agriculture), le phrojekthi ngokusemthethweni inesihloko esithi “Ukuthuthukisa inzuzo nokusimama kokukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga amaqabunga asendlini.”
Ukuthola isibonelelo sikahulumeni kuwuhlobo lwesikhathi sokukhula somkhakha wezolimo osemusha.
"Ngokwazi kwami, ingenye yezibonelelo zokuqala ezinikelwe ekulimeni okuqondile okuxhaswe yi-USDA," kusho uSolwazi waseMichigan State University (MSU) onguSolwazi Roberto Lopez, ongumphenyi oyinhloko kulo msebenzi. Izibonelelo ze-SCRI ziye zasekela iziphakamiso zokukhiqizwa kwe-greenhouse futhi zasabalalisa izibonelelo ekukhanyiseni nama-LED. Kodwa i-OptimIA izobhekana kuphela nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi imisebenzi yasendlini engayisebenzisi ngokuqondile ukukhanya kwemvelo.
Iya kubalimi
Ithimba labalimi bezitshalo, onjiniyela kanye nezomnotho eliholwa yi-MSU linezigidi ezingu-2.7 zamaRandi avela ku-USDA ngaphezu kwezimali ezifanayo ezivela embonini yangasese, okwenza kube ngu-$ 5.4 wezigidi. Umsebenzi wesibonelelo seminyaka emine waqala ngo-2020; U-Lopez uthe ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okuhlobene nobhubhane, imizamo ingaqhubeka kuze kube ngu-2025.
“Kuwumsebenzi omkhulu ohlanganisa imikhakha eminingi, futhi ingxenye eyodwa izobandakanya izivivinyo zasepulazini,” kusho u-Lopez. “Sifuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ucwaningo lwethu luzokwazi ukusetshenziswa yimboni, ngakho uma sesiphindaphinde izifundo zethu, sizoziqinisekisa emapulazini ahlukene angaphakathi ezweni lonke ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi (nge) esikuthole elebhu, ukuthi kuzoba nemiphumela efanayo embonini.”
Nakuba abalimi bevame ukugxila ekwandiseni isivuno, kanye nokunciphisa okokufaka, izindleko zamandla zihlala zingenakugwenywa kubalimi basendlini. I-Geography ingaba nomthelela ezindlekweni zamandla, futhi isimo sezulu sithonya inani lamandla adingekayo ukuze kulawulwe indawo yasendlini yezitshalo uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo sezulu ngaphandle, kusho u-Lopez.
Ukuze lihlale libalulekile kubalimi, ithimba likhawulela ucwaningo lwalo ezitshalweni eziyinhloko ezitshalwa endlini: ulethisi obomvu nokuluhlaza, i-kale, i-arugula ne-microgreens.
Imboni yokukhula
Isibalo samapulazi angaphakathi kulo lonke isifunda akhula amaqabunga aluhlaza senyukile eminyakeni yamuva nje ngokuvulwa kwamanye amapulazi amakhulu aqondile, ohlobo lwe-warehouse ngaphezu kwamanye amancane, amayunithi ajwayelekile amiswe ezitsheni zokuthutha.
"Ukulima endlini, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukulima okuqondile, ukusebenzisa ama-LED kunezinzuzo eziningi," kusho u-Erik Runkle we-MSU esitatimendeni esikhishwe yizindaba. “Kuthatha indawo encane kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nezakhamzimba ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana, ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka unyaka wonke, futhi cishe azikho izibulala-zinambuzane. Kodwa kunolwazi oluncane olusekelwe kwisayensi mayelana nezinqubo ezikhulayo ezingcono kakhulu kanye nedatha encane kakhulu yezomnotho mayelana nokulima kwasendlini. "
Ucwaningo luzokweseka lo mkhakha wezolimo osemusha nokhulayo ngolwazi olusesidlangalaleni, olungachemile.
"Inhloso enkulu yesibonelelo sethu se-SCRI ukwenza imboni ibe nenzuzo futhi isimeme," kusho u-Lopez. “Njengamanje, ubona amapulazi amaningi angaphakathi, kodwa uyazi, maningi angakasinda.”
Ukufinyelela okulula
Abalimi abancane bemifino yasendlini ngokuvamile abanakho ukufinyelela olwazini lokukhiqiza.
“Ucwaningo oluningi olwenziwa emapulazini angaphakathi lungaphakathi endlini,” kusho u-Lopez. “Futhi-ke, ebhizinisini elisha, elincane, kunzima kakhulu, ngoba alukho ulwazi oluningi olusekelwe ocwaningweni olungachemile ongaluqala. Futhi ulwazi olukhona ngokuyinhloko luvela kubantu abafuna ukuthengisa imikhiqizo, akunjalo? Umgomo wethu uwucwaningo olusekelwe kwisayensi, olungachemile.”
Izibuyekezo ocwaningweni, okuhlanganisa amavidiyo e-YouTube, amaphuzu avelele ocwaningo, imibuzo evame ukubuzwa, izindatshana zohwebo namaphepha esayensi, kuthunyelwa ku-www.scri-optimia.org njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka.
“Siphinde sakha isifundo se-inthanethi sokukhiqiza ngaphakathi esizotholakala kusizindalwazi ungakapheli unyaka ozayo,” kusho u-Lopez. “Sizoba nemihlangano yaminyaka yonke yabathintekayo sivule nezindlu.”
Ithimba labacwaningi
Abaphenyi abakhulu mayelana nesibonelelo sikahulumeni bahlanganisa:
U-Erik Runkle yaseMichigan State University (MSU) izocwaninga imithelela yezimfanelo zokukhanya ezihlukene, icosha izinhlanganisela zamaza amaza ahlukene okukhanya ukusuka ku-UV kuye kokubomvu kakhulu.
URoberto Lopez, i-MSU, izocwaninga amandla okukhanya, i-carbon dioxide nezinga lokushisa - ukuthi zithinta kanjani ukunambitheka nezinye izimfanelo zangemuva kokuvuna.
Simone Valle de Souza, i-MSU, izocwaninga ngezomnotho wokuphatha ukusebenza kwepulazi lemifino esendlini, iphendule imibuzo efana nokuthi “Ziyini izindleko?,” kanye nokuthi “Banganezela kanjani inani?”
Chieri Kubota yase-Ohio State University izocwaninga ngezindaba eziphathelene nokushiswa kwamathiphu kanye nokudla okunomsoco.
Cary Mitchell yaseNyuvesi yasePurdue izocwaninga “ukukhanya kwephasic” – ukuhlanganisa ukukhanya okuhambisana nezigaba zokukhula kwesitshalo.
Murat Kacira yaseNyuvesi yase-Arizona izocwaninga ngokugeleza komoya kanye nezici zobunjiniyela
amapulazi angaphakathi.
- UStephen Kloosterman, umhleli ohlangene
Phezulu ekhasini, I-Controlled-Environment Lighting Laboratory (CELL) iyindawo yokucwaninga yokulima emile eyakhiwe ngu-Erik Runkle eMnyangweni Wezokulima e-Michigan State University. Izithombe: MSU