I-Australian Research Organisation CSIRO isungule isimbozo semboza se-polymer esifafazwa nge-biodegradable esingasiza abalimi ukukhiqiza okuningi, kuyilapho besebenzisa amanzi amancane, imisoco kanye namakhemikhali ezolimo.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha, okuthiwa TranspirationOal, iyindlela evumelana nemvelo yamapulasitiki ezolimo, njenge-polyethylene, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-plastic mulch. Izivivinyo ziqinisekise ukwanda komkhiqizo wamanzi wezitshalo ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-30, kanti futhi zisiza ekulawuleni ukhula.
Ngokuvumelana ne CSIRO kunenselele yomhlaba wonke yokulima ukudla okwengeziwe, kusetshenziswa izinsiza ezincane. “Isibalo sabantu emhlabeni siyakhula, okudinga ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kokudla kuphindeke kabili ngo-2050 ukuze kondle abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalolunye. Isidingo sokwandisa umkhiqizo wethu wokukhiqiza ukudla sinomthelela emvelweni ngokusebenzisa umanyolo namanye amakhemikhali,” kusho i-CSIRO.
I-polymer membrane
Umcwaningi uDkt Keith L. Bristow waqhamuka nombono we-polymer membrane. “Bengenza umsebenzi omningi mayelana nempilo yenhlabathi, kanye nokusebenzisana kwamanzi nomhlabathi,” usho kanje. “Ngaya eChina esikhathini esidlule ngafike ngathuswa amafilimu epulasitiki abawasebenzisayo. Savakashela amasimu lapho ipulasitiki yayibusa kakhulu kunenhlabathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimbotshana zomhlabathi bezivimbekile futhi ubuthi bebuvuzela enhlabathini nasezinhlelweni zamanzi ezizungezile. ”
Umbono wami wawuwukuthi bonke abalimi kufanele bakwazi ukufaka ulwelwesi, ngisho nalabo base-Afrika besebenzisa isifutho sesandla esilula
UDkt Bristow uzimisele ngokwenza umkhiqizo ongangena esikhundleni samafilimu emboza yepulasitiki. Wayefuna ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo obolayo, owawungase ufuthwe. “Umbono wami bekungukuthi bonke abalimi kufanele bakwazi ukufaka ulwelwesi, ngisho nalabo abase-Afrika besebenzisa isifutho sesandla esilula noma abase-US, besebenzisa imishini emikhulu,” kuchaza yena.
Izilingo zensimu
Ngemva kokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-membrane, i-CSIRO yenze izivivinyo ezimbalwa nezivivinyo zasensimini e-Australia. “Sisebenzise imishini yasemapulazini amakhulu namancane futhi safakazela ukuthi i-polymer membrane yethu ingafinyeleleka kubalimi abancane emazweni asathuthuka kanye nabalimi abakhulu abasebenzisa imishini eminingi kanye namabhizinisi ezolimo emazweni athuthukile,” kusho uDkt Bristow.
I-CSIRO ikhombise ubuchwepheshe obufuthakayo ekuhloleni indawo eniselwa ngenkasa e-Australia isebenzisa amakhabe, utamatisi, amabele nokotini. Izivivinyo ziqinisekise ukwanda komkhiqizo wamanzi wezitshalo ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-30, kanti futhi zisiza ekulawuleni ukhula.
“Sinobufakazi bethu bomqondo kodwa sidinga ukuqhubekisela phambili ukulungisa isifutho se-polymer,” kusho uDkt Bristow. “Sifuna ukuyenza iqine futhi ingabizi ngangokunokwenzeka. Okwamanje izindleko cishe ziphezulu kunefilimu ye-mulch yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kakhulu. "
Ukukhishwa kobuthi
Abalimi batshele uDkt Bristow nethimba lakhe ukuthi ngeke besasebenzisa ifilimu ye-mulch yepulasitiki uma bengasebenzisa ulwelwesi lwe-polymer olufafazayo olungabizi kakhulu. “Ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi olufafazwayo olubolayo akudingekile ukuthi bakhiphe ifilimu yemboza yepulasitiki ewohlokayo phakathi nangemuva kokuvuna,” kusho uDkt Bristow. “Futhi ifilimu eningi ye-mulch yepulasitiki isadala izinkinga. Iyasha, okuyinto uhulumeni nomphakathi abangayithandi, noma iye endaweni yokulahla. Futhi lapho ihlukana ibe yizicucu ezincane ikhiphela ubuthi enhlabathini nasezimisweni zethu zamanzi, okuhlanganisa, imifudlana, imifula namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.”
Abalimi ezivivinyweni ngokuvamile babejabule ngekhono le-polymer membrane ukumboza umhlabathi. Ukhula lwalulawulwa futhi amanzi ongiwe, okwaholela ekukhiqizeni okwengeziwe. "Inhloso yethu ukukhulisa ukugeleza kwegazi nokunciphisa ukuhwamuka komhlabathi", kugcizelela uDkt Bristow.
Iyatholakala ku-Biodegradable
Izivivinyo zasensimini zibonise izinzuzo eziningi ze-polymer membrane ye-CSIRO phezu kwamafilimu e-plastic mulch abalimi abawasebenzisayo njengamanje. I-membrane ye-polymer iyakwazi ukubola, futhi amafilimu amaningi e-mulch epulasitiki awawona. Lo mkhiqizo omusha uyafuthwa. Abalimi bangasebenzisa imishini yokulima ekhona ukuze bafake isicelo - ngokuguqulwa okuncane, okungabizi kakhulu. Ukufakwa kwamafilimu e-plastic mulch kuyabiza njengoba kudinga imishini yokulima ekhethekile.
Amafilimu e-plastic mulch angabangela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kolwelwesi lwe-polymer nokho kulinganisa izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi. Ukuhlolwa kwabonisa ukuthi amafilimu epulasitiki e-mulch abangela ukulimala kwezithombo nokufa kwezitshalo. Ukusetshenziswa kolwelwesi lwe-polymer kubangele ukulimala okuncane noma okungekho ezithonjeni.
I-polymer membrane iphephile ukusebenzisa
UDkt Bristow nethimba lakhe benze isiqiniseko sokuthi ulwelwesi lwe-polymer luphephile ukusetshenziswa. "Sithathe amasampula enhlabathi nge-polymer kanye nemikhiqizo, isibonelo isikhumba samakhabe", usho kanje. “Mhlawumbe senze izivivinyo ezingamakhulu ambalwa. Imiphumela yafakazela ukuthi kwakungekho lutho olubi noma olunobuthi emkhiqizweni nokuthi uyabola. Abalimi bangahamba nje ensimini ngemva kokuvuna.”
UDkt Bristow angathanda ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo zangaphambi kokuhweba ukuze alungise ukwakheka kwe-polymer, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nomthelela. Njengamanje ukhuluma nabatshalizimali ukuze aqedele amalungiselelo ezivivinyo zangaphambi kokuhweba. Kunentshisekelo eyanele phakathi kwabalimi. “Ngithintwa abalimi masonto onke, ngezinye izikhathi izikhathi eziyisithupha ngesonto. Abantu bayangifonela emhlabeni wonke.”
Khulula ngaphezu kwamagigalitha amanzi ayi-1,000
I-CSIRO ichaza ukuthi ukufeza umgomo wokuqala wokusebenzisa amanzi ancipha ngamaphesenti angu-10 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwesivuno kwezolimo eziniselwe ngenkasa zase-Australia kuzokhulula amagigalitha amanzi angaphezu kuka-1,000. "Lokhu kungase kusetshenziselwe ukutshala izitshalo ezengeziwe kanye/noma ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwemvelo emanzini ethu", kusho i-CSIRO.