Ogandaganda besimanje bezolimo baqukethe ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, baphikisana ngisho nomkhumbi-mkhathi wakamuva. Kepha isiphetho esisemuva kuseyisikole esidala, sithembele kakhulu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukwenza kahle ekusebenzeni kahle kukagandaganda kuwukunqoba okukhulu kwemvelo.
Unalokhu emqondweni, abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yasePurdue benze iphrojekthi yoMnyango Wezamandla eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.2 ukuze bathuthukise izinhlelo zamanzi ahlanganisa ogandaganda nezinto zokusebenza.
“Amandla kaketshezi agcwele yonke indawo,” kusho Andrea Vacca, Usihlalo we-Purdue's Maha Fluid Power Faculty, uprofesa we Onjiniyela bamakhemikhali futhi ubunjiniyela bezolimo nezebhayoloji, kanye nomqondisi we Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Amandla eMaha Fluid, ilebhu enkulu kunazo zonke yezifundo ezisebenza ngaphansi kwe-hydraulics ezweni. “Isetshenziswa ezindizeni, ezimotweni nakuzo zonke izinhlobo zemishini emikhulu. Ugandaganda uyisibonelo semoto esebenzisa amandla aluketshezi ukuze iqhube yonke into kusukela esiteringini nasekuqhubekiseni amandla, kuya ekunikezeni amandla amathuluzi ayidonsa ngemuva.”
Kodwa ukunika amandla izinto zokusebenza kubonakale kuyinkinga. Uhlelo lokulawula amanzi kagandaganda lubonise ukusebenza kahle okungama-20% kuphela lapho luxhunywe kumasistimu asebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi ezinto ezithile ezinjengamaplanti, izimbewu nama-bailers.
“Kunokungqubuzana ezilawulweni, lapho lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zicishe zilwe zodwa,” kusho uPatrick Stump, owenza iPh.D. umfundi kwezobunjiniyela bemishini. “Ngenxa yalokhu, uma uxhunywe emshinini wokutshala, ugandaganda kufanele uhlale unamandla amakhulu, okumosha uphethiloli futhi kukhuphule nesisi esingcolisa umoya.”
Kulolu cwaningo, luxhaswe uMnyango Wezamandla wase-US Ihhovisi Lokusebenza Kahle Kwezamandla kanye Namandla Avuselelekayo, Ithimba lika-Vacca ligxile ekuhlanganiseni okuthile kukagandaganda nomshini wokutshala, kokubili okuhlinzekwe ngu Icala le-New Holland Industrial, nezinhlelo ezisebenza ngogesi ezihlinzekwa ngabakwa Bosch Rexroth. Bona ividiyo.
Umtshali ungamamitha angu-40 ububanzi, nemigqa yokutshala engu-16.
"Umugqa ngamunye unemishini eminingi esebenza ndawonye ukutshala imbewu," kusho u-Xiaofan Guo, i-Ph.D. umfundi kwezobunjiniyela bemishini. “Kunesondo lokuhlanza ngaphambili elizosusa utshani obukhona. I-cutting disc isika umsele omncane emhlabathini, injini empeleni ishayela imbewu emhlabathini, isifutho siphakela amanzi nomanyolo emgodini bese idiski yokugcina ivala umgodi. Kunemigqa eyi-16 yale migqa yokutshala, edinga inani elithile lokucindezela ukuze utshale ngempumelelo imbewu. Futhi zonke zinikwa amandla yi-hydraulic system eyodwa. ”
Ukubhekana nenkinga yokuthuthukisa inhlanganisela ye-tractor-planter, ithimba lika-Vacca lakhetha indlela yezigaba ezintathu. Okokuqala, abacwaningi babedinga ukuveza uhlelo lwe-hydraulic futhi bakhe imodeli yokulingisa kukhompyutha.
“Lab’ ogandaganda bayimishini ebizayo futhi eyinkimbinkimbi,” kusho u-Xin Tian, owenza iPh.D. umfundi othuthukise amamodeli esikhathini esiyiminyaka emine. “Ngakho-ke siqale ngokumodela izingxenye ngazinye sazihlola zisesimweni esinganyakazi lapha elebhu. Uma lezo zinembile, sihlanganisa amamodeli ezingxenye zibe isistimu - futhi sihlole isistimu - ukuze sikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imodeli ivumelekile. Imodeli inkulu kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, ithimba lami liyibiza ngokuthi 'Inunu!'”
Lapho sebeqinisekise imodeli yabo, abacwaningi bathuthela esigabeni sesibili: ukuthuthukisa izixazululo abangazihlola.
"Izimo zokutshala ezihlukene zidinga amanani ahlukene okucindezela kanye nezinga lokugeleza," kusho u-Tian. "Uma imodeli ikhombisa ukuthuthuka okuthembisayo kwamandla nokusebenza kahle, singase siqale ukusebenzisa lezi zinguquko ngaphansi kwezimo zomhlaba wangempela."
Esigabeni sesithathu - izivivinyo zomhlaba wangempela - iqembu lihlobise inhlanganisela ye-tractor-planter ngenqwaba yezinzwa.
“Kudingeka sazi ukuthi mangakanani amandla ugandaganda odlayo, ukuthi amaphampu adonsa amanzi enzani, nokuthi ingcindezi kanye namazinga okugeleza angakanani endaweni yonke yokutshala,” kusho u-Jake Lengacher, owenza unyaka wokuqala we-Ph.D. umfundi. “Zonke lezo zintambo ziholela ebhokisini elisha lokutholwa kwedatha esilifake kukhebhu, ngakho-ke sinesithombe esigcwele salokho okwenzekayo phakathi nomjikelezo wokutshala.”
Siyabonga ngeqembu, iPurdue inezindawo eziningi zogandaganda abakhulu abangazulazula. I Ikolishi Lezolimo inikeze ithimba leVacca umugqa womhlaba we-quarter-mile endaweni Isikhungo Socwaningo Nezemfundo Yesayensi Yezilwane eWest Lafayette.
"Sinenhlanhla enkulu ePurdue," kusho uVacca. “Sinendawo enkulu yelebhu eMaha lapho singahlola khona le mishini emikhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo; kanti ezoLimo nazo zinezindawo eziningi zamapulazi lapho singenza khona ucwaningo.”
Futhi njengoba kungekho nelilodwa ilungu leqembu elake lasebenzisa ugandaganda omkhulu kangaka ensimini, i-Case New Holland yanikeza ukuqeqeshwa ukuze ibafundise ukushayela.
“Amandla nje kagandaganda ongamakhilogremu angu-25,000 onamandla angu-435, odonsa umshini wokutshala amakhilogremu angu-10,000 – ayamangalisa,” kusho uStump. “Kodwa kuningi futhi okwenzeka etekisini, ikakhulukazi ukusebenzisa imishini yokutshala. Umsebenzi wamadoda amabili impela, ngakho-ke imvamisa uJake usemotweni eqapha imininingwane ekwilaptop.”
Ithimba lenze imigijimo eminingana entwasahlobo ka-2021, lapho latshala khona imbewu yommbila ngesivinini esinqunyelwe ngaphambili senjini kanye namazinga okutshala. Ngokuhlanganisa idatha, bathole ukuthi amasistimu abo amasha okulawula amanzi ahunyushwa ekunyukeni kokusebenza kahle okungama-25%.
“Uma kubhekwa inani likaphethiloli elisetshenziswa ugandaganda, lokho kuwukuthuthuka okukhulu,” kusho uVacca. “Futhi lesi kuseyisiqalo nje. Umgomo wethu wephrojekthi uwukuphinda kabili ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokulawula amanzi amaningi. Ngokuzayo, sihlela ukuqalisa indlela yokulawula ingcindezi ye-control logic, engakaze izanywe ezimotweni zezolimo.”
“Lapho ngibona imininingwane efakazele ukuthi isisombululo sethu siyasebenza, ngajabula kakhulu,” kusho uGuo. “Ngakhulela edolobheni, ngakho ukuba sepulazini elinjengaleli kuyinto ejabulisayo kimina. Okukhethekile kwami amasistimu okulawula, ngakho bekujabulisa kakhulu ukubona imibono yethu elebhu ivivinywa emhlabeni wangempela. Amandla e-Fluid ayinkambu esungulwe kahle, kodwa kusenamandla amakhulu okuphakamisa izinhlelo ezintsha nezakhiwo ezintsha ukwenza izinto zibe ngcono nakakhulu. "
U-Stump uthe, “Angikaze ngicabange ukuthi ngizoshayela ugandaganda ensimini yepulazi ngiyofundela i-Ph.D. Nganginezinhlelo zokungena emkhathini. Kodwa ama-hydraulic akula gandaganda ayinkimbinkimbi njengendiza noma irokhethi. Ukungena ujule emandleni awuketshezi kusebenze kakhulu ekusaseni lami kwezobunjiniyela.”
U-Tian uthe, “Impela ukugqama kwesikhathi sami lapha ePurdue. Ngibeke isikhathi esiningi kula mamodeli, futhi ukubona ukuthuthuka kwemiphumela kwaba umzuzu ojabulisayo kimina.”
UVacca uthe, "Ukubona ukuzikhandla kwabafundi bethu - kanye nokubona umbono usuka elebhu uye emkhakheni - leyo ingxenye engcono kakhulu yomsebenzi wethu."
- UJared Pike, eNyuvesi yasePurdue