Ithimba elikhulu lamazwe ngamazwe lososayensi abanezizinda ezehlukene bathole ukuthi kube nezigameko ezimbili zendlela yokufuya amagilebhisi okuholele ekusetshenzisweni kwawo ekwenzeni iwayini. Ephepheni labo elishicilelwe kujenali Isayensi, leli qembu lichaza ukwenza ukulandelana kofuzo olukhulu kunawo wonke kwezinhlobo zomvini, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kobhubhane. URobin Allaby weNyuvesi yaseWarwick, ushicilele isiqeshana se-Perspectives kumagazini ofanayo ochaza umsebenzi owenziwe yiqembu.
Abantu kudala benza iwayini ngamagilebhisi futhi badla izinhlobo zamatafula isikhathi eside, nokho kuze kube manje, okuncane kwabo umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo bekwaziwa. Sekuyisikhathi eside kucatshangwa ukuthi umvini wewayini otshaliwe i-Vitis vinifera, waqala ukufuywa kwezinye izingxenye ze-Western Asia, nokuthi zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu ezisetshenziswa namuhla zivela kuzo. Kuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi izinhlobo zewayini zamagilebhisi zazitshalwa ngaphambi kwezinhlobo ezazitshalwa ukudliwa, okuthiwa yizinhlobo zetafula. Kulo mzamo omusha, abacwaningi bathola ubufakazi obuphakamisa ukuthi kokubili ukucabanga akulungile.
Umsebenzi wawuhilela ukuthola nokucwaninga izakhi zofuzo zamasampula omvini angu-2,448 aqoqwe ezindaweni ezingu-23 ezihlanganisa amazwe angu-16—amasampula ahlanganisa kokubili okungasendle nafuywayo. izinhlobo zamagilebhisi. Abacwaningi bakha i-genome yeleveli ye-chromosome ye-Vitis sylvestris base belandelanisa amaqoqo ahlukahlukene angama-3,186 beyisebenzisa njengereferensi.
Bathola ukuthi babili izindawo zezwe lapho amagilebhisi aqala ukufuywa khona, elinye eCaucasus, elinye engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Asia. Imininingwane iphinde yakhombisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwasekhaya kulezi zifunda ezimbili kwenzeka cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo — cishe eminyakeni eyi-11,000 edlule — futhi kwaqondana nezigaba zokuqala zokulima kwezolimo. Ithimba liphinde lathola ukuthi amagilebhisi asetafuleni ayefuywa cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Abacwaningi baphinde bathola eziningana izici zofuzo eyabamba iqhaza ekufuyweni kwamagilebhisi, abaqaphela ukuthi angasetshenziswa ukwenza ngcono inqubo yokwenza iwayini, ikakhulukazi njengoba izindawo eziningi lapho amagilebhisi atshalwa khona kulindeleke ukuthi izinguquko kwezemvelo njengoba ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuqhubeka.