Ithuluzi elisha elivela ku-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) angabikezela amathuba okuthi amakoloni ezinyosi acwiliswe ubusika endaweni ebandayo azoba makhulu ngokwanele ukuthi aqashelwe ukuvuthwa kwe-alimondi ngoFebhuwari. Ukubona ukuthi yimaphi amakholoni angeke afanele ukuchitha amadola ebusika kungathuthukisa umgomo wabafuyi bezinyosi.
Abafuyi bezinyosi bebelokhu belahlekelwa isilinganiso samaphesenti angama-30 amakoloni ahlala isikhathi eside ebusika cishe iminyaka eyi-15. Kuyabiza ezindaweni zasebusika ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lasebusika lihlala ngaphezu kwezingaqhwa. Ngakho-ke, umkhuba ongabizi kakhulu we-overwintering bee colonies endaweni yokugcina ebandayo uyathandwa.
Leli thuluzi elisha libala amathuba okuthi inyosi yezinyosi elawulwayo iphile ebusika ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni ezimbili: ubukhulu bekoloni kanye nephesenti le-varroa mite infestation ngo-September, ngokusho kwesazi sezinambuzane ze-ARS. UGloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, obehola iqembu. UDeGrandi-Hoffman ungumholi wocwaningo we-ARS I-Carl Hayden Bee Research Center eTucson, e-Arizona.
Ngokubonisana nethebula lamathuba okuba ikholoni libe namafreyimu ezinyosi okungenani ayisithupha - inombolo edingekayo ukuze ikoloni ikwazi ukufeza inkontileka yempova yabalimi be-alimondi ngoFebhuwari - abafuyi bezinyosi banganquma ngoSepthemba uma kufanelekile ngokwezomnotho. ukudlula ubusika ikoloni endaweni yokugcina ebandayo.
“Ubukhulu bekoloni ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla bungakhohlisa maqondana namathuba ayo okuwenza ebusika. Ngisho namakoloni amakhulu anamafreyimu ezinyosi angaphezu kuka-12 (cishe izinyosi ezingaba ngu-30,000) anamathuba angaphansi kuka-0.5 (amaphesenti angu-50 amathuba) okufanelekela impova ye-alimondi uma enezimbuzane ezi-5 noma ngaphezulu ngezinyosi eziyi-100 ngoSepthemba,” kusho uDeGrandi-Hoffman. .
Ngisho nalolu sizo lokunciphisa izindleko, ithimba locwaningo lithole ukuthi imali engenayo evela ezinkontilekeni zokuthunyelwa kwempova iyodwa ngeke lisanikeza imali engenayo eqhubekayo kumfuyi wezinyosi. Balandele ama-honeybee colonies angu-190 futhi babhala zonke izindleko.
Kwasetshenziswa izinsiza ezinkulu ukondla amakoloni kanye nokulawulwa kwe-varroa mite kanye ne-pathogen. Izindleko bezingaba ngu-$200 ikoloni ngalinye.
Izinkontileka ze-almond pollination zikhokhe isilinganiso sama- $ 190 koloni ngalinye ngo-2019.
Enye indlela yokuthi abafuyi bezinyosi bahlale besebenza kahle ngokwezomnotho njengebhizinisi, ukukhiqiza isivuno soju ezinyosini zabo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa lula ngokuhambisa amakoloni emathafeni Amakhulu asenyakatho lapho izinyosi zikwazi ukudla umpe kanye nempova ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
“Isimo sesishintshe kakhulu. Kubiza kakhulu ukuphatha izinyosi zoju ngezindleko zokondla amakoloni lapho izimbali zingatholakali kanye nokulawula izimbuzane ze-varroa. Futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola izindawo zamakoloni ezinyosi ezihlinzeka ngokudla okuhlukahlukene ezikudingayo,” kusho uDeGrandi-Hoffman. “Imali yempova iyodwa ayanele ukuthi abafuyi bezinyosi bahlale ebhizinisini. Kodwa sidinga abafuyi bezinyosi ngoba izinyosi eziphethwe ziyi-lynchpin ekukhiqizeni kwezolimo namuhla. "
Ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo isitoreji esibandayo kuzosiza abafuyi bezinyosi ekugcineni, kodwa empeleni sifunda nje ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuphatha ezingcono kakhulu okufanele zibe ngokugcina izinto ezibandayo,” wengeza.
Lo msebenzi washicilelwa ku Ijenali ye-Economic Entomology.
The Umsebenzi Wokucwaninga Kwezolimo yisikhulu esiphezulu soMnyango Wezolimo e-US ejensi yocwaningo lwasendlini. Nsuku zonke, i-ARS igxila ezixazululweni zezinkinga zezolimo ezithinta iMelika. Idola ngalinye elitshale imali ocwaningweni lwezolimo luphumela ku- $ 20 yomthelela wezomnotho.
- UKim Kaplan, USDA ARS