Isingeniso ku utamatisi ukulima e-Karnataka, izindlela zokulima: Isitshalo sikatamatisi isitshalo saminyaka yonke noma esihlala isikhathi esifushane esinamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani agoqekile angalingani. Ikhiqiza izithelo ezibomvu noma eziphuzi ezizungezwe izimbali ezimhlophe. Izitshalo ezinjengalezi ziyazithutha ngokwazo. Engxenyeni emaphakathi yezwe, izifunda ezikhiqiza utamatisi zifaka iKarnataka. Isifunda sase-Kolar sase-Karnataka saziwa kakhulu ngokulima utamatisi. Isifunda simbozwe amahektha angaba ngu-9000 izithelo lokho kunikeza ukudla kwethu ukunambitheka okumnandi. Ukukhiqizwa konyaka katamatisi lapha isilinganiso samathani angu-4 lakh. Imvamisa, ibhizinisi libatholela inzuzo enhle ngoba iKarnataka ingomunye wabakhiqizi bakatamatisi ababaluleke kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zikatamatisi ezitshalwayo nazo zithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, lapho zenza imakethe ye-niche. Kuze kube ngu-2619 amaquintals katamatisi alethwa emakethe nsuku zonke. Alinganiselwa ku-1,133 ama-rupees athengiswa ngequintal ngayinye. Kodwa-ke, ukwehla kwamanani okushaqisayo ngosuku olulandelayo kwehlisa intengo yama-quintals ku-Rs 133. Ukuze batshale utamatisi, abalimi baseKarnataka kufanele bahambe ngamamitha angu-2,000 ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze bathole amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Umhlahlandlela wokulima utamatisi e-Karnataka, izindlela zokutshala, izindawo ezikhulayo, izinkathi ezikhulayo, isivuno se-amd utamatisi ngehektare ngayinye Karnataka
Izindawo ezikhulayo zamatamatisi eKarnataka
Lolu hlelo lunwetshelwe eKovar, eChikkaballapur, naseBelgavi, izifunda ezintathu ezitshala utamatisi enkabeni yeNdiya, naseDavangere naseHaveri, okubili ezibalulekile. ukolweni-izifunda ezikhiqizayo. Insangu notamatisi kuphakathi kwemikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu ekhiqizwa eKarnataka.
Isikhathi sokukhula sikatamatisi eKarnataka
Isikhathi sokukhula samatamatisi e-Karnataka singoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zikatamatisi ezizokhula eKarnataka
Ukuqina Okuthuthukisiwe: Pusa- 120, Pusa Ruby, Pusa shital, Pusa Early Dwarf, Pusa Gaurav, Arka Ahuti ,Arka Saurabh,Arka Vikas,Arka Meghali, HS102,HS101, HS110,Hisar Lalit, Hisar Arun,Hisar Anmol,Co-ar , CO-1, CO-02, S-3,PKM 12,Pant Bahar, Punjab Chhuhara, Pant T1 kanye ne-Solan Gola
I-Hybrids Verity: Pusa Hybrid 1, Pusa Hybrid 2, Pusa Hybrid 3, Arka Vishal, Arka Shresta, Vaishali, Arka Abhijit, Arka VardanRashmi, MTH 4, Naveen, Rupali, COTH 1 Hybrid Tomato, Avinash 2, Sonali, Sadabahar, kanye neGulmomohar.
I-Karnataka idinga ukutshala izitshalo zikatamatisi
- Ngikhetha izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zikatamatisi.
- Lungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala.
- Utamatisi utshalwa ngaphandle.
- Imivini ye-tomato igxiliwe.
- Nakekela izitshalo zikatamatisi.
Amasu okulima utamatisi eKarnataka
Uma kwenzeka uphuthelwa lokhu: Izinhlobo Zemillet ENdiya Nemikhuba Yokulima.
Inhlabathi: Izinhlobo eziningana zenhlabathi zisetshenziselwa ukutshala utamatisi, kusukela esihlabathini kuya ombeni. Inhlabathi ekahle ifakwe kahle amanzi, isihlabathi noma ebomvu luma inhlabathi ene-pH ibanga lika-6.0-7.0.
Isimo sezulu: Ihlobo yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokutshala utamatisi. Uma isithelo siphakathi kuka-21-24°C, siba nombala ogqame kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi. Ukukhula kwesithelo kanye nesethi kuthinteka kabi amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-32°C. Lapho kunomswakama ophezulu kanye nesithwathwa, izitshalo azikwazi ukuphila. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo semvula ephezulu. Lapho isithelo sethelwa, ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezithelo ezinombala obomvu omnyama. Amazinga okushisa aphansi athinta kabi izicubu zezitshalo, abambezele umsebenzi wazo wokuphila. Ukuze utamatisi uchume, badinga amahora angu-6-8 okukhanya kwelanga okuqhubekayo, okuqondile ngosuku. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulondoloze ukukhula okuhle, kufanele ukhethe indawo lapho izitshalo zithola khona ukukhanya kwelanga okukhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zitshalwe emhlabathini.
Ukunisela: Isitshalo sikatamatisi sithanda ukuba senhlabathini eswakeme kusukela lapho yisithombo kuya phezulu. Uma izinga lokushisa lishisa, kungase kudingeke nokuba uwanisele kabili ngosuku. An uchelela uhlelo oluconsayo lusiza kakhulu. Umhlabathi ongaphezulu ungabuye umbozwe ngamaqabunga omisiwe, izinqamu zotshani, utshani, noma umbhede amashidi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhwamuka kwamanzi kuyavinjelwa, kanye nokukhula kokhula.Nisela izitshalo zakho kanye ngosuku kahle futhi ngokujulile, ngakho izimpande zigcwele amanzi. Izingxenye zezitshalo ezinganiselwanga ngokwanele zingase zingakwazi ukumunca noma ukumunca izakhi. Isibonelo, angeke kube inhlabathi entula i-calcium ebangela ukubola kokuphela kwe-bloom kumatamatisi. Kunalokho, kuvame ukutholakala ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-calcium okubangelwa yile nkinga yezokuthutha. Indaba yokubola kokuphela kwembali ingavinjelwa kuphela ngokunisela okufanele, okungenakuhlehliswa.
Isikhathi sokutshala: Asikho isizini lapho utamatisi ungakhula khona njengoba kuyizitshalo ezingathathi hlangothi emini.Abalimi basemathafeni aseNyakatho bathatha ezintathu izitshalo, Kodwa i rabi isitshalo siyehluleka ukukhiqiza ezindaweni ezikhahlamezeke isithwathwa. Ngakho-ke, itshalwa kabusha ngo-July ukuze kutshalwe i-Kharif, isitshalo se-Rabi ngo-Okthoba-November, kanti lesi sitshalo esishiwo ngoFebhuwari. September no October.
Ukukhulisa izithombo: Izithombo zitshalwa emibhedeni ephakanyisiwe engu-60-100 cm ububanzi nobude obufanelekile ngaphambi kwenyanga eyodwa yokutshala. Inyanga eyodwa ehlobo, ikhava. i-nursery imibhede enamashidi e-polythene amhlophe obala ukuze kwandiswe ukukhanya kwelanga. Izinambuzane, ama-nematode, isikhunta, amagciwane, nembewu yokhula konke kuyabulawa.Indawo yenkulisa idinga u-5kg we-FYM ebole kahle, 20 g we ineem ikhekhe, amagremu angu-200 kamanyolo i-N, P, kanye ne-K ngayinye, 2.5g carbofuran, noma 10-25 g we-Trichoderma nge-m2 ngayinye. Imibhede yasenkulisa ivikelekile kuma-nematode ngo-400 g/m2 wekhekhe le-Neem, ikhekhe le-Castor, iqabunga le-Neam , iqabunga le-Castor, iqabunga le-Pongamia, neqabunga leCalotropis kudingeka kuhlanganiswe.Gcoba imbewu enamaqabunga aluhlaza bese uyihlanza nge pink angasinda njalo ekuseni ngemva kwalokho ukuhlwanyela. Ukukhipha isithombo semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla ngokushesha nje lapho imbewu iqhuma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu. Nisela kakhulu ngosuku olwedlule lokutshala kabusha isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokutshala.Ukugwema ukulimala ezinambuzaneni ezidlulisa amagciwane, vala umbhede ngenethi yenayiloni ecolekileyo.
Ukwelashwa kwembewu: Imbewu iphathwa ngamagremu angu-5-10 e-Trichoderma ngekhilogremu noma amagremu angu-2 e-carbendazim ngekhilogremu. Ngemva kokuba imbewu ehlanziwe yomiswa emthunzini imizuzu engu-30, ihlwanyelwa ngokulinganayo emigqeni engu-12.5 cm ukujula bese imbozwa ngenhlabathi. .
Ukulungiswa kwendawo: Ukulima insimu izikhathi ezine kuya kweziyisihlanu ngegebe elanele phakathi kokulima kunikeza ukulima okuhle. I-Planking iyadingeka ukuze kulinganiswe. Sibe sesivula imisele ngokwezikhala ezinconyiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, i-FYM ebole kahle (25 t/ha) yengezwa emhlabathini ngesikhathi ukulungiswa komhlaba.
Ukwenza ubulongwe: Ngesikhathi ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi, hlanganisa ubolile umquba wasepulazini futhi umquba kahle nomhlabathi. Kunconywa ukuthi unikeze u-15 kg we-N:P: K2O/ha njengomanyolo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ungasebenzisa ingxenye ye-nitrogen, ingxenye yengqikithi ye-phosphorus, nengxenye ye-potash njenge-basal. Faka ingxenye yesine ye-nitrogen nengxenye ye-potash ezinsukwini ezingama-20-30 ngemuva kokutshala. Ngemva kwalokho, ungasebenzisa imali esele ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili.
Ukutshala nokuphatha: Umhlabathi ushiswa ilanga inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze kubulawe amagciwane ayingozi, izinambuzane, nezinto eziphilayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungasebenzisa ifilimu yepulasitiki ebonakalayo (ukukhanya kudonswa ishidi lepulasitiki, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi futhi kubulawe amagciwane). Imbewu katamatisi itshalwe emibhedeni ephakanyisiwe enobubanzi obungama-80-90 cm nobude obufanele. Gcoba umbhede ngemva kokuhlwanyela, bese unisela nsuku zonke ekuseni nge-Rose Can. Nisela imibhede yezithombo emahoreni angama-24 ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izithombo zingasishulwa kalula. Ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu kuya kwezingamashumi amathathu emva kokuhlwanyela, izithombo zilungele ukutshalwa kabusha. Izithombo kufanele zicwiliswe imizuzu emi-5 kwikhambi le-100 ppm Streptocycline ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze kuvinjelwe. igciwane funa.
Isikhala: Ikwindla-Winter isikhala singama-75 x 60 cm; Isikhala sasentwasahlobo-ehlobo singama-75 x 45 cm.
Ukunisela: Utamatisi udinga ukuhlanjululwa ngokucophelela ngamanzi afanele ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngakho-ke, ukunikezwa komswakama okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka. Kudingeka isikhawu sezinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngesikhathi sokunisela ehlobo. Kuthatha izinsuku eziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nanhlanu ukunisela ebusika. Ngesikhathi sokuthela, isomiso esilandelwa ukuchelela kanzima okungazelelwe singaholela ekuqhekekeni kwezithelo.
Ukulawula ukhula: Ngemva kokutshala izinsuku ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-25, umshado wokuqala uyenzeka. Ukhula luqhudelana nezitshalo; futhi zisebenza njengendawo yokukhosela izinambuzane eziyingozi. Gcina ihlanzekile futhi ukhula-Ipulazi lamahhala ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphezu kokumboza nge-mulching, kukhona futhi inketho yokusebenzisa i-mulching yepulasitiki emnyama (ama-microns angu-50) ukulawula ukhula. Le ndlela ilawula cishe u-95% walo lonke ukhula. Uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa i-organic mulch, njengodoti lomoba, ungalawula cishe ukhula olungamaphesenti angama-60.
Ukutshala nokuvundisa: Umanyolo odingekayo uncike ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi nokuthi ungakanani eziphilayo umquba isetshenziswa esitshalweni. Umhlabathi udinga ukuba namathani angu-15-20 e-FYM abole kahle ukuze kube nesivuno esihle. Kunconywa ukuthi kwengezwe u-120 kg we-N, 80 kg we-P2O5, kanye no-50 kg we-K2O ngehektha ngalinye ukuze kutholakale isivuno esihle. Ukutshala kuhlanganisa uhhafu wethamo lika-N kanye nengqikithi ye-P ne-K. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesigamu se-N kufakwa ezinsukwini ezingu-30 ngemva kokufakelwa kabusha. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa u-180 kg N, 100 kg P2O5, kanye no-60 kg K2O ngehektha ngalinye ezinhlotsheni ezixubile. Lapho kutshalwa kabusha, kusetshenziswa ama-60 kg we-N kanye nengxenye yekhilogremu ye-P ne-K. Thola inani elisele le-phosphorus ne-potassium, bese ufaka u-60 kg we-nitrogen ezinsukwini ezingu-30 ngemva kokufakelwa kabusha. Ngemva kokufakelwa kabusha, i-N inikezwa okwesithathu.
Ukuvuna: Izitshalo eziningi ziqala ukuvunwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-75 no-90 ngemuva kokutshalwa. Ukutshala utamatisi, khetha utamatisi ngokuya ngebanga nendlela yokuthutha ukuya emakethe.
Isiteji esiluhlaza: Ezimakethe zamabanga amade, vuna izithelo zikatamatisi esigabeni sokuvuthwa ezinombala oluhlaza.
Isiteji esiphinki: Ngemva kokuba utamatisi usushintshile usuka eluhlaza waba pink ngombala, usulungele ukuvunwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungcono ukuthumela izithelo emakethe eseduze.
Isigaba sokuvuthwa: Uma utamatisi uphenduka ubomvu, uyavunwa futhi udayiswe emakethe.
Ukuvuthwa okugcwele: Uma sesivuthiwe, isithelo esihlahleni sibabomvu ngokuphelele futhi sibebomvu okwegazi kancane. Izinto ezihlukahlukene ezihlala isikhathi eside njenge-ketchup, amasoso, amasobho, ama-chutneys, njll., zingenziwa ngezithelo ezinjalo. Isithelo siyasuswa, sifakwe amagremu, bese sipakishwa emabhokisini kathayela.
Ukunciphisa: Izithombo ezincane ziyafa ngenxa ye-pre-emergence phage ngaphambi kokuba zifike emhlabathini, kanti izifo zangemuva kokuhluma kanye nezicubu zezitshalo ezithambile, ezicwiliswe ngamanzi zibangelwa ukutheleleka kwangemva kokuvela. Ezigabeni ezithuthukile zesifo, iziqu ziba buthaka futhi zigoqe.
Ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo: Izinambuzane ezivame ukutholakala. Izimo zezulu ngokuyinhloko zazisomile uma kwenziwa inhlolovo. Ubisi lumuncwa emaqabunga, okwenza amaqabunga agoqene futhi agobele phezulu noma abe njengenkomishi. Izimbali nazo ziyawa uma kwenzeka. Isifutho se-Neem Oil yethu ebanzi masonto onke siyanconywa ukugwema ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane. Amakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane azinandawo engadini yakho. Amafutha e-neem afakwa esigabeni sezithombo ngokufafaza u-5ml ilitha nezitshalo ezivuthiwe ngokufafaza ngo-10ml. Ngokuzithandela, ungakwazi ukwengeza ingxenye yethisipuni ye-baking soda kulesi sifutho. Hlola ukulungiswa kwakho ngaphambi kokufafaza isitshalo sonke ukuze uqinisekise amandla aso.
Isivuno sikatamatisi ngehektare e-Karnataka
Ukulima utamatisi kuphakathi kwebhizinisi elinenzuzo kakhulu ezolimo. Ukuvuna izitshalo zentengiso ezibalulekile izikhathi ezine ngonyaka kuyindlela enhle kakhulu. Utamatisi utshalwa unyaka wonke cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sonyaka; kodwa-ke, umlimi angathola isivuno esiphezulu kakhulu uma esitshala ebusika noma entwasahlobo. Ukukhula kuhle kakhulu ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula ngoJuni noJulayi. Ukulima utamatisi kwenziwa ezinyangeni zasehlobo zikaJanuwari noFebhuwari futhi kutshalwa kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuNovemba. Ngokuvamile, isivuno siqala ukuvela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-110-140 ngemva kokuhlwanyela. Kusukela ekuvuneni kokuqala, ukukha kungenziwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-50 kuya kweziyi-60. Umlimi angakwazi ukuyokha izikhathi ezinhlanu kuze kube sekupheleni kokuvuna. Sekukonke, umlimi angathela amathani ayi-10 kuya kwayi-15 ngehektare.
Izindleko zembewu katamatisi ihektare ngalinye: Cishe amagremu angu-60 kuya kwangu-80 embewu katamatisi ayadingeka ezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid ngehektare ngalinye uma kuqhathaniswa nama-200 amagremu embewu yezinhlobo zendabuko. Imbewu katamatisi yekhwalithi enhle ibiza cishe ama-Rs 300 ngokulinywa kwehektare elilodwa.
Izindleko Utamatisi ukwelashwa kwembewu ngehektare ngalinye: Imbewu yelashwa nge-Thiram (3g/kg imbewu) noma i-Metalaxyl (3g/kg imbewu) ukulawula inhlabathi kanye nama-pathogens aphethwe yimbewu kanye ne-Imidacloprid (imbewu engu-5g/kg) ukulawula izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi bangakwazi futhi ukwelapha imbewu yabo nge-Trichoderma (amagremu ama-4 ngekhilogremu yembewu). Ngehektare elilodwa, konke lokhu kwelashwa kwembewu kubiza cishe ama-Rs250.
Izindleko zokulima insimu katamatisi ihektare ngalinye: Ukulima 1 acre kanye nursery umbhede wembewu cishe u-Rs 1000.
Izindleko zokutshala kabusha ngehektare ngalinye: Ihektare elilodwa lokufakelwa utamatisi libiza ama-Rs 500, ngokusekelwe kubasebenzi ababili.
Izindleko zomsebenzi ngehektare ngalinye: Njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-15, kudingeka izisebenzi ezingu-16 ensimini ukuze ziphothule imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, isamba sezindleko zabasebenzi ngama-Rs 3600 (izisebenzi eziyi-16).
Izindleko ezihlukene ngehektare ngalinye: Izindleko ezihlukahlukene zihilelekile ekulimeni utamatisi, okuhlanganisa ukuqasha imishini kanye nezindleko zokunisela. Kubiza ama-Rs 4000 kulezi zindleko izinsuku eziyi-120 zokutshala utamatisi endaweni eyihektare elilodwa.
Izindleko zokuqasha umhlaba ngehektare: Ivamise ukubiza ama-Rs 6000 epulazini likatamatisi.
Izindleko zezibulala-zinambuzane ihektare ngalinye: Isibulala-zinambuzane yinoma yiliphi ikhemikhali noma into ebulala izinambuzane, isikhunta, izitshalo, noma izilwane. Ukutshala utamatisi kudinga lezi ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko zesibulala-zinambuzane ehektheni elilodwa lokulima utamatisi zingama-rupees angu-1.
Izindleko ukuvuna ngehektare ngalinye: Umsebenzi nemishini kubiza ama-Rs 500 ihektare ngalinye.
Izindleko zokumaketha: Ezimweni eziningi, izinkampani nezitolo ezinkulu zivela kubalimi ngokuqondile kulezi zinsuku. Ngakho-ke izindleko zokumaketha ziyasuswa. Nokho, abanye abalimi bayaphoqeleka ukuba badayise imikhiqizo yabo. Kulokhu, kubiza ama-Rs. 2500 ukumaketha umkhiqizo ngoba sekuvunwe okune.
Inzuzo yokulima utamatisi eKarnataka
Kunama-rupees angu-1,50,000 kuyo yonke inzuzo ekulinyweni kukatamatisi ehektheni. Inzuzo: Isamba senzuzo singahluka phakathi kwezindleko nezinzuzo, ezehla ku-Rs. 1 19,850. Ngokutshalwa kwe-acre utamatisi, ngakho-ke, umlimi angathola imali elinganiselwa ku-1, noma ama-Rs 1,20,000 nje izinyanga ezine.
Amathiphu okukhulisa utamatisi ngempumelelo e-Karnataka
Kanjani Ngalokhu: Ungawaqala Kanjani AmaBhizinisi Ezolimo eNdiya.
Izitshalo zikatamatisi zingase zibe lula ukukhula, kodwa izinto eziningi zingahamba kabi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwazo okufushane. Nikeza izithombo zakho ithuba elingcono kakhulu lempumelelo ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuzivimba. Ukuze uphumelele ekulimeni utamatisi, cabanga ngalawa macebiso alandelayo;
Utamatisi udinga inhlabathi ene-acidic kancane ukuze ukhule kahle: Uhlu lwe-pH olufanele lokutshala utamatisi luyi-6 kuya ku-7. Cishe zonke izikhungo zokulima/izinsiza zasendaweni zinikeza izinsiza zokuhlola i-pH yenhlabathi yakho. Ungangeza eluhlaza emhlabathini ukulungisa i-asidi yawo. Kungenjalo, ungakwazi ukwehlisa i-pH yenhlabathi ene-alkali ngokungeza isulfure. Amazinga e-pH enhlabathini azodinga ukulungiswa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo.Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanele uchibiyele izinyanga zakho zenhlabathi ngaphambi kokuba ulungele ukutshala.
Ukutshala utamatisi minyaka yonke esihlabathini kuwumbono omubi: Izitshalo eziningi zitshalwa ngale ndlela. Uma utamatisi usuvuniwe, amagciwane abangela izifo namagciwane asala emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sizochayeka kulawa magciwane uma sitshalwe endaweni efanayo. Umphumela uzoba ukulahlekelwa kanye nesivuno esincane sepulazi lakho likatamatisi. Ngokutshala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zensimu unyaka nonyaka, le nkinga iyagwenywa.
Vikela umhlabathi ngokuwumboza ngephepha lepulasitiki elimnyama: Ukumboza imibhede katamatisi ngepulasitiki emnyama amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala kungasiza ukuyifudumeza. Kanye nokufudumeza inhlabathi, ipulasitiki iphinde ibambe ukushisa okubulala izinambuzane nezifo. Uma utshala ezindaweni ezipholile ezinezinkathi zokukhula ezimfushane, ungashiya ipulasitiki emasontweni ambalwa okuqala bese utshala izithombo ngaphandle ngesikhala esincane. Ukushisa kuzodluliselwa emhlabathini ngephepha lepulasitiki elimnyama. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo zikatamatisi zidinga izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-60F ukuze zikhule.
Tshala utamatisi ngokugqoka okunempilo komquba: Umquba kufanele uhlanganiswe ekulungiseni umhlabathi futhi kufanele ufakwe nasezitshalweni zikatamatisi ngaphambi kokutshala. Umanyolo uyasiza futhi ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izitshalo ziqala ziqinile. Indlela ephumelelayo yokwengeza umanyolo engadini ukumba umsele phakathi nombhede. Tshala izimpande emseleni ama-intshi ambalwa ngaphansi komhlabathi. Lapho ukumba sekuqediwe, faka ibhande likamanyolo ukuze utamatisi ukhule. Sebenzisa umanyolo owenziwe ngamathambo, one-phosphorus ephezulu ukuze kumiswe izimpande. Emasontweni ambalwa emva kokutshala, sebenzisa umanyolo one-nitrogen ephezulu phezu kwemibhede ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula okuluhlaza, okumila.
Izithombo zidinga amanzi ukuze zikhule: Utamatisi angase adinge ukuchelelwa nsuku zonke uma kunokushisa okukhulu futhi amanzi ahwamuka ngokushesha kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukunisela utamatisi noma nini lapho umhlabathi uqala ukoma. Faka i-mulch imibhede enongqimba oluqinile lotshani emva kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane ukuze ulondoloze umswakama futhi uvimbele ukukhula kokhula.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokulima utamatisi e-Karnataka
1. E-Karnataka, utshalwa kuphi utamatisi?
Lolu hlelo lunwetshelwe eKovar, Chikkaballapur, naseBelgavi, izifunda ezintathu ezitshala utamatisi enkabeni yeNdiya, naseDavangere naseHaveri, izifunda ezimbili ezibalulekile ezikhiqiza ummbila. I-Karnataka ingumkhiqizi obalulekile wamatamatisi kanye ummbila.
2. Ingakanani inzuzo yomlimi wamatamatisi ehektha ngalinye?
Umlimi ojwayelekile uzozuza u-$950 ehektheni cishe ingxenye yesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesilinganiso, umlimi angalindela ukuzuza ngaphezu kuka-$1,400 ehektheni kanye njalo eminyakeni eyisithupha.
3. Ithini imakethe katamatisi enkulu kunazo zonke e-Karnataka?
Ikota yesigidi ifika usuku nosuku emakethe ye-APMC yaseKoolar, okwenza ibe ngesinye sezimakethe ezinkulu zikatamatisi e-Asia ngaphambi kokuba ubhubhane lubambe. Utamatisi utshalwa eMulbagal naseSrinivaspura taluks ngokwesilinganiso esingamahektha ayi-10,000 lilinye.
4. Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokutshala utamatisi ngenkathi yemvula?
Ukukhetha isayithi elinamahora angu-5-6 okukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Okulandelayo, kuzosiza ukutshala imbewu katamatisi cishe ngo-1/4-intshi-ukujula namasentimitha amathathu kuya kwamane ngokuhlukana enhlabathini ekhanyiswe kahle. Okulandelayo, vundisa inhlabathi njalo nge-organic umquba. Izithombo zizovela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14 zokuhlwanyela.
5. Ungakwazi yini ukutshala utamatisi e-Karnataka?
I-Karnataka ikhiqiza ikhwalithi ephezulu irayisi endaweni engamahektha angama-46,000. Ngenxa yalokho, isivuno esimaphakathi kuHulumeni siphezulu. Phakathi kwezifunda ezitshala utamatisi zaseKarnataka, i-Kolar ihamba phambili. Kujwayelekile ukuthi abalimi balime amathani angama-40 kuya ku-50 katamatisi ihektare ngalinye esifundeni ngokuhle. ukulima imikhuba.