Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni lilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.9 ngo-2050, kuye kwagxilwa ekubuzeni ukuthi lesi sibalo esikhulu sabantu emhlabeni singaphila kanjani uma kubhekwa izinga eliphezulu lokungavikeleki kokudla emhlabeni. Ngokwezibalo ngu I-FAO, iphesenti lokungavikeleki kokudla ngo-2020 lalingu-11.9%, futhi isibalo sabantu abangenakho ukudla kakhulu ngonyaka ofanayo sasiyizigidi ezingu-927.6. Kukhona nodaba lokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okubhebhethekisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo emhlabeni wonke kanye nokusimama kokudla.
Ukuhlenga lesi simo nokusindisa umhlaba endlaleni eseduze, kunesidingo sokubeka phambili ukunemba kwezolimo. Ukulima okunembayo kuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje bolwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izitshalo nomhlabathi zithola inani eliqondile lemisoco (kungaba amanzi, umanyolo) odingekayo ukuze kukhuliswe isivuno, inzuzo, kanye nokusimama.
Obunye bobuchwepheshe besimanje obulwela ukunemba kwezolimo yizimoto zasemoyeni ezingaqashiwe - ama-drones. Ngeshwa, inani elincane kuphela labalimi nezazi zezolimo ezisebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukusheshisa imiphumela elindelekile emabhizinisini abo ezolimo.
Kulesi sihloko, ngizobe ngigqamisa ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile kwama-drones kwezolimo kanye nesidingo sokuwaqasha emapulazini ukuze bathole isivuno esiningi, inzuzo kanye nokusimama.
Ayini ama-drones?
Ama-Drone izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ezikwazi ukundiza zisebenzisa i-Global Positioning System (GPS) futhi ziqoqe ulwazi mayelana nendawo ezikuyo zisebenzisa i-Inbuilt Geographic Information System (GIS). Ama-Drones angubuchwepheshe obunamandla obuwusizo ekugadweni, ekubukeni, ekuqoqweni kwedatha, nokuthatha izithombe zendawo eqondisiwe, ngosizo lwekhamera yayo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi nezinzwa ezingaphakathi.
Ama-Drones asetshenziswa izinhlangano namabhizinisi ahlukene ukugadwa nokuphepha. Kwezinye izimboni ezinjengomshwalense, ezolimo nezokwakha, ama-drones asebenza ngomthwalo omkhulu wokonga isikhathi, izindleko namandla. Njengoba imakethe yayo yomhlaba wonke ilinganiselwa ku- $ 43.4 billion ngo-2025, ama-drones aphenduka isidingo esibalulekile sezimboni ezimbalwa.
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-drone busazabalaza ukuze bufinyelele emkhakheni wezolimo, kukhona ukwamukelwa okukhuthazayo, okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe emapulazini namuhla. Futhi, ukukhishwa kwakamuva kwe-MarketWatch ubikezela imakethe yezolimo yomhlaba wonke yama-drones azofinyelela ku-$10.5 billion ngo-2028. Lesi sibikezelo siqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwama-drones emkhakheni wezolimo.
Umthelela wama-drones kwezolimo
Ama-drones ayisisetshenziswa esibalulekile kwezolimo. Ubuchwepheshe busiza abalimi kanye nezazi zezolimo namahlathi ukuthi babheke, baqoqe imininingwane yekhwalithi kanye nolwazi mayelana nokukhula kwezilimo. Kuyasiza futhi ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile emapulazini okungenzeka ukuthi ibize abalimi izinsiza zabo. Ama-drones onga isikhathi. Bangakwazi ukufinyelela endaweni yepulazi okungaba nzima ukufinyelela kuyo ngezinyawo futhi baqoqe imininingwane ngempilo yezitshalo. Ama-drones nawo awusizo emapulazini ukulawula umphumela wezinhlekelele zemvelo njengezikhukhula.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, inhloso enkulu yama-drones emapulazini ukusiza ezolimo ngokunemba, futhi yilokho abakwenzayo kwezolimo.
Indlela ama-drones asiza ngayo ekulimeni okunembayo
Ukuze kuphephiswe umhlaba endlaleni eseduze, amafemu amaningi ezolimo azamazama ukunemba ezolimo. Enye yezinkampani ezidumile ezihola lo mjaho iMicrosoft with its Uhlelo lwe-Azure FarmBeasts. Le softhiwe isiza abalimi ukuthi bacubungule idatha eqoqwe ezinkundleni kusetshenziswa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) noma amamodeli wokufunda ngomshini (ML). Ingaphinde ifakwe kuma-drones (SenseFly) ukuze ithathe izithombe futhi ibheke impilo yepulazi, ibone ngeso lengqondo isimo senhlabathi, inikeze abalimi izixazululo nokunye.
Ukubamba iqhaza kwe-Drones kwezolimo okunembayo kunqamula imisebenzi evumela umuntu neminye engeke yenziwe abantu. Angasetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokutshala imbewu, ukubheka impilo yezitshalo, ukuchelela izitshalo, ukufafaza izitshalo (ukuvimbela izifo). Zibuye zibe usizo emibhalweni kamanyolo kanye nokutholwa kwezifo zezitshalo.
Ukutshala/ukutshala izithombo:
Ama-drones aqinisekiswa ukuthi asebenza kangcono kunabantu ngesikhathi sokutshala izitshalo. I-drone inamandla okwenza imbewu ngokushesha okuphindwe ka-10 kunanoma yimuphi umlimi womuntu, futhi ingamboza amahektha amakhulu omhlaba enza lo msebenzi ngesikhathi esifushane. E-Afrika, inkampani ye-agrotech, eroseed, futhi uhlele ukutshala izihlahla eziyi-100,000 ngosuku ezwenikazi usebenzisa ama-UAV opharetha amabili kuphela. Lokhu okokukhombisa ukuthi ama-drones asebenza kahle futhi ashesha kangakanani ekutshaleni imbewu.
Ukufafaza izitshalo:
Ama-drones anamandla okufafaza izitshalo ngokunembe nangempumelelo. Ukufafazwa kukamanyolo, isibulala-zinambuzane, isibulala-zinambuzane, isibulala-sikhunta, kanye nezinto ze-desiccant ezitshalweni kungenziwa ngama-drones ngempumelelo kakhulu kunabantu ngisho nemishini efana nogandaganda.
Bangakwazi ukufafaza ngokulinganayo nangobuhlakani ngaphandle kokubheka okuningi kubalimi. Lokhu konga izazi zezolimo namahlathi izindleko zokubhalisela ukufafaza okuxhaswe ngabasebenzi. Le ndlela iphinde ivimbele impilo yabasebenzi ekubeni sengozini.
Inhlolovo/ukubuka
Ngokunemba kakhulu kunomuntu, ama-drones angaqoqa imibiko ngempilo nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo ensimini. Zinhle kakhulu ekugadweni. Ama-drones asiza ukubona indawo yasemoyeni yensimu, umlimi angayisebenzisa ukuze abone ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi aqaphele izindawo ezidinga ukuchelelwa ngendlela efanele ukuze kukhiqizwe isivuno esiningi.
Ziningi ezinye izinsiza ezihlinzekwa ngama-drones emapulazini ukusiza ezolimo ngokunemba. Kodwa-ke lokhu kuncike ohlotsheni lwama-drones umlimi anquma ukuwasebenzisa ensimini yakhe.
Izinhlobo zamaDrones
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zama-drones alungele ezolimo. Ziyi-Rotary drones kanye ne-Fixed-wing drones. Ama-rotary drones aziwa njengama-UAV angcono kakhulu ngokuthatha izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu ebangeni eliseduze.
Ama-drones aphiko olungaguquki, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bahle ekudwebeni indawo enkulu yomhlaba ngesikhathi esifushane, ngenxa yejubane layo eliphezulu lokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Ama-drones anamaphiko angaguquki angamelana nokushaywa umoya futhi asebenze kahle ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezimbi.
Isiphetho
I-Precision Agriculture kuseyiyona nto egxile kakhulu ezimbonini eziningi zezolimo emhlabeni. Amathani amapulazi manje afaka ubuchwepheshe be-drone emisebenzini yawo yezolimo ukuze onge izindleko, enze isivuno esiningi kanye nenzuzo.
Ngo-2020, izibalo ze-FAO zaqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-281 e-Afrika bangondlekile ezwenikazi. Lokhu kungenxa yesibalo esinganele sabalimi abahileleke kwezolimo ngokunemba.
Nakuba ukulima okunembayo (kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-drones kwezolimo) kuseyinto engaziwa e-Afrika, akhona amabhizinisi ezolimo kanye neziqalo ezisebenzayo ukuletha lo mkhuba ezwenikazi. Nakhu Zenvus (eNigeria), I-Technoserve (Uganda), I-Drone Service Limited (Zambia), I-Aeroseed (eNigeria), nokunye okuningi.