Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola umkhiqizo osanda kusikwa usuka ensimini uye ekhaya, ikhishi lezentengiselwano noma lezezimboni yinkimbinkimbi njengoba ubukade unjalo.
Kodwa isici somuntu sihlala sibalulekile.
Ochwepheshe bathi umkhiqizo osanda kusikwa uphephile futhi ungcono ngekhwalithi kunangaphambili. Phakathi kwezifundo zokuqeqesha embonini, izinqubo ze-HACCP (I-Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points), ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha, ukucwaninga, ukuhlolwa kwelebhu (kwezinye izingosi) nezinye izivikelo, abacubungula banamandla okuhlangabezana nokulindelwe ngabathengi ngemikhiqizo ephephile nebukeka kahle futhi enambithayo. .
Kodwa kuyo yonke indlela, ukuhlolwa ngendlela eyodwa noma enye kuyisihluthulelo.
"Kuqala ngokuhlinzekwa okungenayo," kusho i-United Fresh Vice President of Food Safety and Technology uDavid Gombas. “Awukwazi ukusika okuhle okusha emkhiqizweni omubi.
"Kufanele uqale ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu."
Imishini nayo iyisici esikhulu, uyanezela.
"Indlela eshesha kakhulu yokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi ekusebenzeni okusha imimese engacacile," kusho uGombas. “Uma ummese ubukhali, iba ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.”
Esizukulwaneni sesithathu, umndeni ophethwe yiMcEntire Produce e-Columbia, eSouth Carolina, iPhini likaMongameli Omkhulu u-Tom Lovelace uthe imigomo ye-HACCP iqondisa inqubo yenkampani kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-McEntire yenze isinqumo esihlakaniphile sokuba neminyango ehlukene yekhwalithi nezokuphepha kanye nabasebenzi ukuze izinsiza zingancishiswa futhi indawo ngayinye ithole ukugcizelelwa okulinganayo.
"Yonke inqubo ihlola izindawo zokulawula ezibalulekile kanye nokuqapha ngezikhathi eziqondile," kusho u-Lovelace.
Futhi kuyinqubo encike ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo zobuchwepheshe nakubantu.
"Ninemishini esebenzayo - amasistimu azenzakalelayo - kodwa ngabantu abenza izinto ezimbili," kusho uLovelace. “Baklama izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe kwasekuqaleni. Futhi enye into okudingeka bayenze ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungenelela kuyasebenza ngempela.
“Kunezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa okufanele zenziwe, futhi zenziwa ngabantu. Akukho okungathatha indawo yabantu abanolwazi, abaqeqesheke kakhulu.”
Inkampani igcina ubudlelwano nabalimi abathize okufanele balandele "imininingwane yayo eqinile." Phakathi kokunye, iMcEntire ikhiqiza imifino enamahlamvu esanda kusikwa, u-anyanisi, upelepele, utamatisi, iklabishi kanye nezaqathi, ikakhulukazi ezokunikeza ukudla ezindaweni zokudlela eziphakelwa ngokushesha.
“Sinabantu abavakashela abalimi ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi bayahambisana namazinga ethu,” kusho uLovelace. "Kuyingxenye enkulu yalokho esikwenzayo, kokubili kusuka kukhwalithi kanye nombono wokuphepha kokudla."
Ukucophelela kuyaqhubeka ngokuthutha nokufika emnyango owamukelayo. Kuya ngokuthi umkhiqizo uvelaphi, kungaba yizinsuku ezinhlanu phakathi kokuvuna nokufika endaweni yokucubungula yakwaMcEntire, ngakho ukuqala ngomkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu nokugcina uchungechunge olubandayo kubaluleke kakhulu.
I-McEntire idinga ukuthi umkhiqizo wayo uthunyelwe ngamaloli aphethe “izigxivizo ezingasetshenziswa kanye ezingadayiswa” ezinamathiselwe uma ukulayisha sekuqediwe. Uma uphawu luphuliwe lapho ufika, kusetshenziswa inqubo ehluke ngokuphelele ukuze kusingathwe, okungase kuhlanganise ukwenqaba umthwalo.
"Ukunakekelwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokulawula kuyingxenye enkulu yohlelo lwethu lwezinto ezingavuthiwe," kusho uLovelace, ephawula ukuthi inkampani idinga ukubhekwa kwezinga lokushisa ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Umkhiqizo uyahlolwa lapho ufika - njengeloli elingene ngalo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka.
Ukusuka lapho, ukuthi ihlolwa futhi isingathwa kanjani kuya ngempahla. Amakhanda olethisi e-iceberg afika ehlanzeke kakhulu kunemifino enamahlamvu exegayo.
"Imigqa yakho yakhelwe ukuphatha lokho," kusho uLovelace. "Kunezimfanelo ezihlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene ohlelweni olufunayo."
Ukuhlola ngeso lomuntu kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, njengoba izisebenzi zibheka futhi zisusa amaqabunga e-ulethisi aphukile, noma amaphutha ku-anyanisi noma utamatisi, isibonelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyasikwa ngaphambi kokuwashwa noma ngokuphambene, imikhiqizo eminingi ihlanzwa izikhathi eziningana. Ubuchwepheshe buqala ukuqapha nge-elekthronikhi amanzi nama-microbial.
KwaMcEntire, wonke umkhiqizo uhamba ngomtshina wensimbi ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi azikho izinto zensimbi zangaphandle ezikhona ngaphambi kokuthi zifakwe ebhokisini ukuze zithunyelwe.
UGombas uchaze akubona ngesikhathi ebuka ukukhiqizwa embonini enkulu lapho kugaywa khona zonke izikhwama zikalethisi ngesikhathi ziphuma kulayini.
“Kube nokuhlolwa okungamaphesenti angu-100 kwalezo zikhwama,” esho. "Njengoba iphuma kulayini wokupakisha, bekunomuntu obehlola (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi) akukho okungahambi kahle ngomkhiqizo."
Ezinye izitshalo zenza ukuhlolwa kwe-microbiological yomkhiqizo lapho ufika esitshalweni kanye nomkhiqizo opakishiwe ngaphambi kokuba ukhululwe.
Izihlungi zamehlo nazo zibe nomthelela omkhulu ohlelweni lokuhlola - ikakhulukazi njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-laser bashintsha amakhamera ngeminyaka yawo-1990 ukuze bahlole ulethisi, kusho uRudi Groppe, umongameli kanye ne-CEO ye-Heinzen Manufacturing International kanye nongomunye wothisha eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia Davis Postharvest. Iworkshop Yemikhiqizo Emisiwe Yesikhungo Sezobuchwepheshe.
“Bafuna ingilazi, ukhuni, insimbi … noma imaphi amagundane, inyoka, izingxenye zamasele – zonke lezo zinto ezahlukene,” kusho uGroppe. “Futhi ikhono lokubona i-chlorophyll kwaba inguquko ngempela, ngoba esikhundleni sokusebenzisa nje isithombe sekhamera ubheka kuso ukuze uthole umbala. Ngokusungulwa kwe-laser kanye ne-LED optics ... banganquma izinga lokukhanya.
“Ubuchwepheshe bekhamera bungasho ukuthi kuzoba umkhiqizo omuhle. Ngelaser, namakhompyutha anesivinini esikhulu, iyakwazi ukuzwa umbala” futhi ngaleyo ndlela ihlukanise phakathi, ake sithi, iqabunga likalethisi oluhlaza nocezu lwengilazi eluhlaza.
I-Groppe ilinganisela phakathi kwamaphesenti angama-60 nangama-70 amaphrosesa namuhla asebenzisa okokusebenza kokuhlunga okubonakalayo. UMcEntire ungomunye wabo.
Kodwa-ke, uGroppe ukholelwa ukuthi umngcele olandelayo wokuhlunga ubuchwepheshe kuzoba ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwangemva kokuhlunga kwamaphrosesa ngokusebenzisa umkhiqizo owenqatshiwe ngomjikelezo wesibili wokuhlunga.
“Isho ukuthi uma usebenzisa ulayini ongamaphawundi ayi-6,000 ngehora futhi ungase ube nolayini abahlanu, ngezinga lokwenqaba elingamaphesenti angu-10, inani elikhulu lelo,” kusho uGroppe. "Kungaba ukwehlisa okuncane kokuhle nalokho elikubona njengokubi."
UBjorn Thumas, umqondisi wezokuthuthukiswa kwezentengiso/ukudla kwe-TOMRA, uthe i-Nimbus freefall laser sorter yenkampani yakhe kanye nekhamera esekwe ebhandeni kanye nesihlungi se-laser ebizwa ngokuthi i-Genius inamandla okuhlanganisa imojuli yokuhlela yezindlela ezintathu. Ifaka amamojula amabili ejector, avumela amaphrosesa ukuthi akhe imifudlana ehlukene yokulahla.
"Izibhamu zomoya ezinesivinini esikhulu, ezinembayo zisusa imikhiqizo engaphandle kanye nezinto zangaphandle ngezinyathelo ezimbili," esho. "Kwezinye izikhathi, ukusakaza kwesibili kokunqaba kuhlelwa okwesibili."
Kuze kube manje, izindlela ezintathu kanye nezinqubo zokuhlela kabusha zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kubhontshisi oluhlaza.
Noma ngabe iyiphi inqubo, nokho, ukuhlola ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi nokuphepha kuzo zonke izinyathelo kuyisisekelo sohlelo oluphephile noluyimpumelelo lokusika kabusha.
“Amakhasimende ami awanandaba nokuthi ngithenga izinto ezingashintshiwe. Balindele ukuthi ngilawule lokho,” kusho uLovelace. "Balindele ukuthi ihlale ilungile ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kuwumsebenzi wethu ukukuthola ngaleyo ndlela."