Ngo-2022, kwaqaliswa amakhono amasha okugcina imifino nezithelo. Umthamo ophelele uzoba amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-350, idatha enjalo inikezwa esifundweni seSikhungo Sokuhlaziywa Kwezomnotho kanye Nokubikezelwa Kwesifunda seRosselkhoznadzor. Lesi sibalo sesibe yirekhodi kule minyaka emihlanu edlule. Ngokwemiphumela yangonyaka odlule, kwavezwa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-263.8 kuphela. Ngo-2017, ukugcinwa kwemifino kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-346.1 kwethulwa, ngo-2018 - ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-174, ngo-2019 - ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-147.8, ngo-2020 - ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-298.1. Njengamanje, umthamo wesikhathi esisodwa sokugcina amazambane, imifino nezithelo ungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-8.8, ngethemba lokukhula libe amathani ayizigidi eziyi-9.5 ngo-2025. Ukuthi leli volumu lanele yini eRussia nokuthi izinkomba zizowathinta kanjani amanani - Izinto ongazenza e- Izvestia.
Okubalulekile kwesethi ye-borscht
Ukwandisa umthamo wokugcinwa kwemifino, kanye nanoma iyiphi enye ingqalasizinda eqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwezitshalo, kuyinto enhle, ukholelwa ukuthi uDenis Ternovsky, uDokotela Wezomnotho, umcwaningi oholayo eSikhungweni Senqubomgomo Yezokudla Yezolimo e-Institute of Applied Economic Research. (IPEI) yeRANEPA.
- Ngokomlando, amanani okudla ashintshashintsha kakhulu kunezintengo zezinye izinto ezithengwayo ngenxa yokungakwazi ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo izimpahla ezitholakalayo ngokwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, - uthi. - Ngenxa yalokho, amanani aphansi ngesikhathi sokuvuna, okungenanzuzo kubakhiqizi, futhi ekupheleni kwesizini amanani ayakhuphuka, okuvele kulimaza abathengi. Uma kungabikho izindawo zokugcina, abakhiqizi nabo abazuzi ekukhuphukeni kwamanani - imikhiqizo yasekhaya iyonakala kakhulu, futhi ukulahlekelwa kuhlanganiswe nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukuntuleka kwamandla okugcina kuholele ekutheni ngo-2021 amanani entengo yamazambane nemifino ye-borscht set yavela yaba phezulu kakhulu kunamanani eminyaka edlule.
- Ukwandiswa kwezindawo zokugcina imifino kuzosiza ekusimamiseni amanani unyaka wonke, kuncishiswe izinga lawo ngokunciphisa ukulahleka kwemikhiqizo futhi kukhuphule imihlomulo yokukhiqiza imiqulu eyengeziwe yemikhiqizo. Ngo-2022, isivuno esihle semifino kulindeleke - uma sifinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-16 ngaphandle kwamazambane, khona-ke sizothola inani lerekhodi. Lokhu kubonakala ngamanani: isibonelo, ngo-Okthoba amazambane abiza u-10% eshibhile, kanti iklabishi - 30% eshibhile kunesilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu edlule, kucatshangelwa ukwehla kwamandla emali, - kusho uTernovsky.
Ngokuvamile, amanani okudla eRussia nasemhlabeni wonke ayasimama, uyaphawula.
- Intengo yokudla emhlabeni wonke, ngokusho kweFAO, iyehla emaqenjini amakhulu ezimpahla, ngaphandle kwamabele. Kodwa ukukhuphuka kwentengo ngo-2020-2021 akukakanxeshezelwa: ngo-Okthoba 2022, inkomba yentengo yokudla ye-FAO yayiphakeme ngo-2% kunonyaka odlule, kanti ingxenye yesithathu ephakeme kunezinga lika-Okthoba 2020, - kuphetha uDenis Ternovsky.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokushintshaniswa kwezinto
Irekhodi lokwethulwa kwesitoreji esisha semifino kuwumphumela oqondile wenqubomgomo yezolimo ezweni, kusho u-Ekaterina Kosareva, umlingani ophethe we-ejensi yokuhlaziya i-VMT Consult.
- Kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2022, kwakungenzeka cishe kabili indawo ehlwanyelwe - kusuka ku-0.5 million kuya ku-0.95 wamahektha ayizigidi. Ngonyaka ozayo izodlula amahektha ayisigidi. Lokhu nakanjani intuthuko. Ngenxa yalokho, izwe ngeke libe nerekhodi lokuvunwa okusanhlamvu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezitshalo zezithelo nemifino. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kwesomiso nesimo sezulu esingesihle kwezolimo kwezinye izifunda. Futhi izindlu zokugcina ayadingeka ukuze kuvunwe.
Ngokusho kwe-interlocutor yencwadi, konke lokhu kusho ukwanelisa ngokuphelele imifino nezithelo.
- I-Russia imelane nokushaywa unswinyo, izinkinga eziphuthumayo zamabhizinisi ezolimo ziyaxazululwa. Ngakho-ke, imishini yaseRussia neBelarusian ithengwa ngenkuthalo, isikhwama sembewu siyanda, abakhiqizi bembewu bathola ukwesekwa ezingeni likahulumeni. Lawa kwakungamaphuzu abuthakathaka ayenganakiwe ngaphambili futhi umsebenzi omningi owenziwa kuwo wokushintshaniswa kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe embonini njengamanje. Ukugcinwa kwamasheya kuzogwema ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo "yesethi ye-borscht" eduze nentwasahlobo futhi kuzoqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuzinzile, - u-Ekaterina Kosareva uhlola isimo.
Ukukhula kokuthekelisa
Ukugunyazwa kokuphulwa kwerekhodi kwesitoreji esisha semifino kungakhuluma ngezinto ezimbili, kusho u-Artem Tuzov, uMqondisi Omkhulu woMnyango Wezimakethe Zezimakethe ze-IVA Partners IC.
- Okokuqala, umzabalazo wamanethiwekhi anezindleko. Isitoreji semifino yesimanje sinikeza isikhathi eside seshelufu, esivumela amaketanga ukuthi athengise imifino ngaphambi kokuba ibhalwe ngenxa yokonakala, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamanethiwekhi kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo emashalofini, - uhlu lwabahlaziyi. - Okwesibili, ukwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngemva kokuba iRussia ithole ukulondeka kokudla, kwaba nokuthunyelwa okuphumelelayo kokusanhlamvu kwamanye amazwe. Lapho imboni ibhekana nokuthunyelwa okusanhlamvu kwamanye amazwe, uhla lokuthekelisa lwaqala ukwanda ngezindleko zezinye izitshalo. Lapha kwakudingeka ukugcinwa kwemifino emisha ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla okuthekelisa. Ngokuvamile ukugcinwa kwemifino kutholakala eduze kwamadolobha, eduze kwabathengi, futhi kwakudingeka ukuwahlomisa eduze namachweba.
Ngokusho kwalo chwepheshe, isivuno salo nyaka singumlando.
— Nokho lokhu akubathokozisi abalimi, njengoba ukuncintisana kwehlisa intengo yemikhiqizo yabo. Kodwa lokhu kuyabajabulisa abathengi: ukwehla kwamandla emali emikhiqizweni yezolimo kuphansi kunezinye izindawo,” usho kanje.
Ukwanda kokuthengiswa kwemifino ngaphandle kweRussian Federation kungamukelwa kuphela, kanye nokwanda kokusebenza kahle kwamanethiwekhi okugcina imifino, i-interlocutor yamanothi e-Izvestia.
- Ngo-2022, umhlaba ubhekene nengozi yokuvikeleka kokudla emazweni ampofu. Uma iRussia ingakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga, kuzoba umnikelo omkhulu wokusiza abantu baseRussia emnothweni womhlaba,” kufingqa u-Artyom Tuzov.
Khula futhi ukhule
I-Financial Research Institute ilinganisela ukuthi isidingo somkhakha wezolimo weRussian Federation somthamo wokugcina imifino sinikezwa kuphela ngu-30-40%, kusho u-Anna Buylakova, umhlaziyi weFinam.
- Ukwethulwa okuzinzile kwezindawo ezengeziwe zokugcina izitshalo kungasiza ukuzinzisa intengo yokuthengisa yemikhiqizo yezithelo nemifino unyaka wonke, okungukuthi, ukunciphisa umphumela wokwazisa amanani esizini. Ukuntuleka kwezindawo zokugcina kuthinta amandla okugcina isivuno, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umthamo otholakalayo ukudayiswa ekupheleni kwesizini.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, izinga lokukhula lonyaka lincane kakhulu:
“Ngenani eliphelele lamathani ayizigidi eziyisi-8.8, ukwanda kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-350 (+4%) kuzoba nomthelela omncane omuhle emakethe yokudla,” ufingqa.
Umthombo: https://nvdaily.ru