Indawo etshalwa eSpain yahlala izinzile ngo-2022, inamahektha ayi-16,830,738, ngaphansi nje ngo-0.42% kunangonyaka odlule, ngokusho kwedatha yesikhashana yoCwaningo Lwezindawo Nezivuno Zezitshalo zaseSpain (Esyrce), eshicilelwe ngabakwa- Umnyango Wezolimo, Izinhlanzi Nokudla.
Indawo enikezelwe emapulazini inokuncipha kancane. Ngo-2022 yema ku-16,830,738 amahektha (ha), 71,683 ha ngaphansi kuka-2021 (-0.42%). Kuyo yonke le ndawo, amahektha ayi-11,309,264 ahambelana nomhlaba wokulima, amahektha ayi-5,375,463 ezitshalweni ezinokhuni kanye namahektha ayi-146,011 komunye umhlaba olimekayo.
Umhlaba olimekayo
Indawo yokulima ihlanganisa izitshalo ezilinywayo kanye nefusi. Izitshalo ezilinywayo, kanye nomhlaba ongatshaliwe, kwehlile indawo yazo ngenxa yokuncipha kokusanhlamvu nemifino, ikakhulukazi. Ngokuphambene, ukwanda endaweni yezitshalo zezimboni ngo-22% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021 kuyagqama, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda okunamandla endaweni kabhekilanga kanye ne-rapeseed. Eqenjini le-tuber, kube nokukhuphuka ngo-10.61%, okusho ukuthi ngokwemibandela ephelele isho ngaphezudlwana kuka-5,000 ha endaweni engaphezu kuka-2021.
Okuphawuleka kakhulu ukwanda ngo-22% endaweni yezitshalo zasezimbonini uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda okunamandla kwendawo kabhekilanga nembewu yokudlwengula.
Eqenjini lokusanhlamvu lilonke, lehle ngo-3.64% lilonke. Ngaphandle kukakolweni, indawo engaphezulu yakho konke okusanhlamvu kwasebusika iyancipha. Ilayisi nommbila kunendawo encane kunazo zonke kule minyaka eyi-18 edlule, mhlawumbe ngenxa yesimo esidalwe isomiso esihlasele ngesikhathi somkhankaso. Amabele, naphezu kokwenyuka kwamaphesenti anamandla, awafinyeleli ekukhuphukeni kwamahektha ayi-3,000 yenani eliphelele.
Ilayisi nommbila kunendawo encane kunazo zonke kule minyaka engu-18 edlule, mhlawumbe ngenxa yesimo esidalwe isomiso esihlasele kulo mkhankaso.
Izinhlamvu ezisanhlamvu, kanye nezitshalo zezimboni kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa, iqoqo lezitshalo ezilinywayo ezikhulisa indawo yazo uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Okugqamile ukwanda kwama-lentils, ama-yeros kanye nobhontshisi omisiwe. Kulandelwa uphizi omisiwe kanye nezinhlamvu ze-vetch. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-lupins alahlekelwa ngaphezu kuka-76% wendawo engaphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021, eya emazingeni eminyaka edlule ngemuva kokwanda okunamandla kwemikhankaso yokugcina.
Izitshalo zasezimbonini ziyiqembu lezitshalo elinokwenyuka okukhulu kwephesenti endaweni ngo-2022. Ubhekilanga kanye nembewu yokudlwengulwa kwenyuke ngamahektha angaphezu kuka-200,000 iyonke. Nokho, izitshalo eziniselwa ngenkasa zibonisa ukwehla okukhulu ngenxa yesomiso esikhona. Utamatisi wezimboni ulahlekelwa ngaphezu kuka-41% wendawo engaphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021, okuhlangene no-sugar beet nokotini kumelela ukwehla okungaba ngu-25,000 ha. Indawo kagwayi ifinyelela esibalweni esiphansi kakhulu seminyaka engu-18 edlule, ngokulahleka kokulinywa ngo-25% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021.
Eqenjini lezitshalo zefolishi, ingqikithi yendawo yehle ngo-0.87%, okugqamisa i-alfalfa, ummbila wefolishi nokunye okuhloselwe ukudliwa, phakathi kwawo kukhona ubhietroot kanye notheniphu, amaklabishi namakholadi nezinye izitshalo zokukhula. Kuphela iforage vetch nokunye okusanhlamvu kwandisa indawo uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule.
Iqembu lemifino nezimbali yilona elincipha kakhulu phakathi kwezitshalo ezilinywayo, ngokuncipha ngo-8.86% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngenxa yesikhathi sokuvakasha kokuqala kwensimu ye-ESYRCE, imiphumela yezitshalo ze-horticultural ayikwazi ukuqoqwa ngokugcwele kulo mbiko mayelana nedatha yeNhlolovo yesikhashana yango-2022.
Iqembu lemifino nezimbali yilona elehla kakhulu ezitshalweni ezilinywayo, ngokuncipha ngo-8.86% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021.
Amapulazi aluhlaza akhombisa ukwehla kancane kwawo wonke ngo-2.01% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021. Kuyamangaza ukukhula kancane kancane eminyakeni yamuva nje kwezindawo ezinengqalasizinda yokunisela ezitholwe zingatshalwanga ngesikhathi sokuvakasha.
Izitshalo zokhuni
Eqenjini lezitshalo ezinokhuni, kuyaphawuleka ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwazo zonke izinhlobo zeqembu, ngaphandle kwesivini, izihlahla zomnqumo nezinye eziqinile. Isivini nensimu ye-oliva yehla kancane, ihudulwa phansi ngokwehla kwamagilebhisi ukuze kwenziwe iwayini kanye nomnqumo kumafutha, ngokulandelana.
Phakathi kwezinye izitshalo ezinokhuni, isihlahla se-carob sibonisa ukwehla okukhulu kwephesenti. Sekukonke, izitshalo ezinokhuni zandise indawo yazo ngo-0.27% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021 futhi ukwanda kwezihlahla zezithelo ezingezona ezisawolintshi kuyagqama. Phakathi kwalokhu, i-almond ne-pistachio yizona ezikhula kakhulu, zilandelwa, kancane kancane, i-peach-nectarine kanye ne-avocado. Ngaphakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo ezisawolintshi zandisa isihlahla samawolintshi nesikalamula. Mayelana nezihlahla zezithelo ezingezona ezisawolintshi, isihlahla sama-apula, i-persimmon, i-kiwi nomango, phakathi kwezihlahla ezishisayo, kanye ne-hazelnut enamantongomane, kwehla.
I-almond kanye ne-pistachio yizo ezikhula kakhulu, zilandelwa, kancane kancane, i-peach-nectarine kanye ne-avocado.
Essyrce
Lolu cwaningo lusekelwe ocwaningweni lwenkundla, lapho ulwazi kusukela ngo-1990 luthathwa ngokuqondile ezingeni lesakhiwo ngesampula ye-georeferenced yendawo kazwelonke ezinyangeni zikaMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, nochwepheshe abangaphezu kuka-200 abaqoqa idatha ngokuqondile kuyo yonke indawo kazwelonke. .
Umthombo: https://valenciafruits.com