ISingapore incane ngokuphindwe kane kuneMoscow (indawo yayo ihlanganisa ama-730 km2 kuphela). Ipulazi lithatha ngaphansi kuka-1% womhlaba, kanti ingxenye yomkhakha wezolimo ku-GDP ingu-0.03% omncane. Izinsiza zamanzi nazo zilinganiselwe lapha. Ukuze londle izakhamuzi zalo eziyizigidi ezingu-6, izwe lingenisa ngaphezu kuka-90% wokudla.
Cishe eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili edlule, iziphathimandla zaseSingapore zamangazwa umbuzo othi: indlela yokunciphisa ukuncika kokudla kwezwe ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe? Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunomthelela esomiso nezikhukhula ngokuphazamisa ukuthengwa kwempahla. Ubhubhane kanye nokungazinzi kwezepolitiki emhlabeni kukhulise ukukhathazeka. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalokho abaseSingapore abaqhamuke nakho ekugcineni nokuthi kungani bephumelela.
Kodwa okokuqala - usizo oluncane.
E-Singapore, akuyona yonke into ebilokhu iyimbi ngezolimo. Ngawo-1960, izakhamuzi ezingu-10% zazisebenza kwezolimo, kanti amapulazi ayethatha u-25% wendawo. Abalimi bendawo banikeze u-60% wezwe ngemifino, u-90% ngenyama, u-100% ngamaqanda. Ngesinye isikhathi, iSingapore yaze yaqala ukuthumela ingulube ngokwayo.
Kodwa ngo-1959, uNdunankulu u-Lee Kuan Yew waqala ukubusa. Ngenxa yakhe, izwe elimpofu, elibuyela emuva seliphenduke izwe eliphumelelayo eline-GDP ephakeme kakhulu yomuntu ngamunye. I-Singapore isiqale ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezinkulu.
Imifula isiphenduke amadamu, amasimu aba yizindawo zezimboni noma izindawo zokuhlala. Ngo-1984, izwe layeka ukukhiqiza inyama yengulube. Indawo yokulima yehle ngokushesha isuka ku-25% ngeminyaka yawo-1960 yaya ku-10% ngeminyaka yawo-1970.
Namuhla, ezolimo eSingapore cishe azithuthukisiwe, cishe i-1% yomhlabathi ilinywa endaweni encane kakade yezwe.
Uhlelo Olusha lwaseSingapore
Ekuqaleni kuka-2019, iSingapore yazibekela umgomo wokufisa: ukukhiqiza u-30% wakho konke ukudla okudingekile ngokuzimela ngo-2030. Uhlelo lwabizwa ngokuthi "30 kuya ku-30". Ukuze uqhathanise: namuhla iSingapore ikhiqiza u-8% wemifino edliwa abahlali bayo kanye no-8% wenyama.
Ngo-2021, iziphathimandla zezwe zathi ukuze kufezwe lolu hlelo, kufanele kwenziwe izinto ezimbili: ukwandisa isikhala sezidingo zabalimi kanye nokuxhasa ngezimali ukuthuthukiswa kwezixazululo zobuchwepheshe. Ake sikutshele okwengeziwe ngalezi zindlela.
Ingabe sipaka amapulazi ophahleni, noma abantu baseSingapore bazitholaphi izindawo zokulima?
Ngomhlaba omncane kangaka, abantu baseSingapore baphoqeleka ngempela ukuthi basungule. Ukuze kwenezele imakethe yasekhaya ngokudla, uhulumeni wezwe uphinde waqondisa enye “yesikhumbuzo” sokukhula kwezindawo zasemadolobheni zaseSingapore - izindawo zokupaka izimoto ezinezitezi eziningi, uphahla lwazo manje oseluphendulwa “amapulazi amile”. Ngo-2021, i-Singapore Food Agency yamemezela amathenda okuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokupaka, ngokuncanyelwayo okunikezwe amapulazi amile kusetshenziswa i-inthanethi Yezinto kanye nokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu okuzenzakalelayo. Izindawo zokupaka eSingapore zinkulu, ngakho-ke ipulazi eliphakathi kophahla lingakhiqiza kuze kufike ku-500 kg wohlaza ngosuku.
I-Singapore inika bani imali?
Ngo-2020, i-Singapore yethula uhlelo lwesibonelelo sika-$30 million “30×30 express”. Umbuso uxhasa ngemali efinyelela ku-85% wezindleko zamaphrojekthi wezinhlelo zamapulazi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezingaklanywa futhi ziqale ukusebenza esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyisi-6 kuya kwezingama-24. Isibonelo, ngo-2021, imali yanikezwa uKalera, owakha elinye lamapulazi amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni eSingapore: amamitha angaphezu kuka-15 ukuphakama futhi akwazi ukukhiqiza amathani angaphezu kuka-500 emifino ngonyaka. Isikhwama Sokuguqulwa Kweqoqo Lokudla Kwezolimo kuze kube ngu-2025 sihlinzeka ngezibonelelo ezifinyelela ku-$60 million.
Inkampani kahulumeni iTemasek ingumtshali zimali obalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Ikleliswe endaweni yesihlanu ngokwemali yebhizinisi engxenyeni ye-AgTech. Isibonelo, inkampani yokutshala izimali yanikeza umkhiqizi wamapulazi aqondile iBowery Farming (umhlanganyeli we-investimenti yezigidi ezingu-300 zamaRandi), umkhiqizi wemishini "ehlakaniphile" yezinhlelo zokunisela i-Rivulis Irrigation (ukuthengwa kwe-85% yamasheya enani. ka- $ 365 wezigidi), umkhiqizi wolunye ubisi oluphelele lwe-Perfect Day (umhlanganyeli womjikelezo wokutshala izimali we-$ 350 million). Ukutshalwa kwezimali kukaTemasek ku-agrotech kuphindeke kane kusukela ngo-2015.
Ama-accelerator aseSingapore nawo awasemuva kakhulu. I-GROW Accelerator yaseSingapore ifakwe esilinganisweni samasheshi ayisishiyagalombili amakhulu we-Active Accelerator Funds. Lolu wuhlelo lokuqeqeshwa lwamasonto ayi-12 oluhlanganisa ukwesekwa kwezezimali okungafika ku-$120,000.
Ngo-2007, kwasungulwa ukuhlanganyela kwe-Alliance of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kanye neNational Research Foundation yaseSingapore ebizwa ngokuthi i-SMART (The Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology) kwethulwa. Ku-MIT, i-SMART ukuphela kwesikhungo socwaningo ngaphandle kwe-United States kanye nohlelo olukhulu lwamazwe ngamazwe. Imisebenzi yesayensi ikhokhwa ngokugcwele nguHulumeni waseSingapore.
NgoDisemba 2020, iSingapore yaba yizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuvumela ukuthengiswa kwenyama etshalwe elebhu. Inkukhu "ephuma kushubhu yokuhlola" evela enkampanini ye-Eat Just yaqala ukudayiswa kubathengi. Omunye wabatshalizimali bakwa-Eat Just nguTemasek.
I-Singapore iyindawo yokuhlola eyingqayizivele yezixazululo ze-agrotech. Umhlaba wonke ungalandela imiphumela yokuhlolwa kuzwelonke futhi ufinyelele iziphetho, uzame ngombono we-agrotech ngokwabo.
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