Ukuhlaziywa kwencithakalo yezitshalo yesimanje ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo okungenzeka ukuthi uzwile bushiwo engxoxweni nontanga yakho yomlimi kamuva nje. Ithuluzi lithatha amasampula ezicubu zendabuko liye ezingeni eliphezulu ngokunikeza imininingwane ejulile yalokho okwenzeka ezitshalweni ukuze kwenziwe umsoco kanye nezinqumo zikamanyolo unolwazi.
Abaningi bakubiza ngokuthi ukuhlola igazi ezitshalweni, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi amasampula adonswa ukuze kuhlaziywe ubisi agxile ebisini (i-xylem ne-phloem) ohlelweni lwemithambo yama-petioles, amaqabunga, kanye/noma neziqu. Amasampula ezicubu zendabuko adonsa kusuka ezakhamzimba ngaphakathi kwethishu yeqabunga, noma ukunqwabelana komlando kwemisoco.
Yingakho abasekeli bobuchwepheshe bethi ukuhlaziywa kwe-sap kukunikeza unqenqema phezu kokusampula kwezicubu. Ngamagama alula, lapho amasampula ezicubu zendabuko enikeza isifinyezo samanje esitshalweni, ukuhlaziywa kwejusi kungabheka ohlwini lwezakhamzimba futhi kunikeze ukubheka phambili kokuthi izakhi zomsoco zizoba kuphi ezinsukwini nasemavikini azayo - amaviki amane kuya kwayisithupha. kwezinye izimo. Futhi kuwukuhlola okuphelele. Ungathola ukufundwa kwezakhi ezibalulekile ezifika kwezingu-23 nezinkomba zokudla okunomsoco.
Ithuluzi Lokufundisa
I-Agro-K, umkhiqizi wokudla okunomsoco wamaqabunga kanye nemikhiqizo yebhayoloji, waqala ukudonsa amasampula okuhlaziya uketshezi kumakhasimende ayo ngo-2015. U-Jeff Glass, Umphathi Wokuthuthukiswa Kwebhizinisi LaseNingizimu wenkampani, udonse futhi wahlaziya cishe wonke lawo masampuli eFlorida. Ubuchwepheshe busetshenziswe ku-citrus nakwezinye izitshalo ezifana nama-strawberries, utamatisi, nekhabe.
I-Agro-K idonsa futhi ithumele amasampula ukuze ahlaziywe yonke indlela eya e-Netherlands. Idlanzana kuphela lamanye amalabhorethri emhlabeni jikelele ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhlaziya uketshezi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Sap kungakusiza ukuthi ulungise ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi ukuze ugcine umsoco wezitshalo usesimweni sokulinganisela. Imiphumela yombiko ikhombisa uma ngabe ama-elementi ayashoda, alungile, noma eqile. I-Glass ithi into eyeqile ingaba yingozi njengentula. Isibonelo, ku-citrus, uma ama-nitrate eqile, isihlahla kufanele sigaye umsoco noma ngabe uyasidinga noma cha. Lokho kusho ukucindezelwa okwengeziwe esihlahleni esivele sigcizelelwe emiphumeleni ye-HLB. Izakhi ezithile, uma ziphezulu kakhulu, zizobopha ukutholakala kwezinye izakhi esitshalweni. Idatha eqongelelekayo evela kumasampuli iphakamisa ukuthi ingcindezi yezinto ezidla ukudla okunempilo eningi ingaholela ekwehleni kwezithelo ezisawolintshi.
Abalimi Bangena Ebhodini
Nakuba kusesezinsukwini zokuqala zokutholwa, abalimi abaningi sebeqala ukuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwejusi ezinhlelweni zabo zokulawula ukuzala. Omunye umlimi wama-strawberry UDustin Grooms, Umphathi Wepulazi eFancy Farms e-Plant City, FL. Usebenzisa amasampula enhlabathi yegridi ukuze afake umanyolo waphansi esebenzisa amanani aguquguqukayo asekelwe emiphumeleni.
"Sifunda okuningi ngokuhlaziywa kwe-sap mayelana nezakhamzimba, isikhathi sokufaka isicelo, nokuthi isitshalo sidinga ini," kusho uGrooms. “Kuyagqama. Ungakwazi ngempela ukonga imali uma usuqalile ukwenza lokho ngokunikeza isitshalo lokho esikudingayo kuphela futhi ungasithengi umanyolo bese uwufaka ngoba yilokho obukwenza njalo. Ngokuvamile sithwebula ngenani elithile le-nitrogen, i-potassium, ne-phosphorus ngokusekelwe ezincomweni ze-University of Florida kanye ne-BMP [izindlela zokuphatha ezingcono kakhulu]. Bese kusuka kuleso sisekelo sokuqala, sisebenzisa ukuhlaziya uketshezi ukuze sishayele ngempela umsoco kulokho okudingwa yisitshalo. Ukuhlaziywa kuqondisa izicelo zethu ze-foliar ne-fertigation ephakathi nesizini.”
UBryan Paul Jr. ka-Bob Paul Groves waqala ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziya uketshezi ukuze athole isibambo esingcono esivivinyweni sasensimini abesenza.
“Lena bekuyisizini yokuqala ngisebenzisa i-sap analysis,” usho kanje. “Kade ngenza izivivinyo ngemikhiqizo ehlukene kamanyolo kodwa ngisebenzisa ukuhlaziya izicubu zesintu. Imiphumela yami ibingahambisani kakhulu, bekunzima ukwenza noma yimuphi umqondo wokusebenza komkhiqizo esivivinyweni. Ngokuhlaziywa kwe-sap, ngithola imiphumela enembe kakhulu ehambisana nombiko owodwa kuya komunye.”
Uphinde wabona ukuthi ukuhlaziya kuzokhombisa ukushoda kwezakhamzimba ngaphambi kokuthi kubonakale ngokubonakalayo esihlahleni.
“Lokho sikubona ikakhulukazi ngezinto ezincane ezifana ne-zinc, insimbi ne-manganese,” usho kanje. “Siyakwazi ukukubamba kusenesikhathi sikulungise, bese sibona umehluko endleleni izihlahla ezisabela ngayo kumasizini edlule.
“Ngokufunda okunembe kakhudlwana, silinganisa ukudla okunomsoco. Sisekela ukufakwa kwe-nitrogen futhi okunye ku-potassium. Sihlela ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-sap analysis, ngoba ngikholwa ukuthi sizobona izinzuzo ezinqwabelene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba silinganisela umsoco kulezi zihlahla.”
UMaurice Turgeau we-Thayer Citrus waqala ukusebenzisa i-sap analysis ngo-2019. Uthi ikhono lokuthola umbono wezidingo zesihlahla kusenesikhathi ligqame njengoba kade esebenzisa leli thuluzi.
“Sithola umbiko futhi sibona izinto zenzeka emasontweni ambalwa noma amathathu okumele zilungiswe manje,” usho kanje. “Uma silinda leso sikhathi, siphuthelwe yithuba lokuyilungisa ngendlela esheshayo. Sisebenzisa ukuhlaziya izicubu zesintu, bekuzwakala sengathi besihlale sijaha imisila uma kukhulunywa ngezinqumo zokuzala.”
Ufunde nokuthi kunesikhathi sokuhoxa kwezinye zezakhamzimba ezisetshenziswayo futhi anake kakhulu izakhi ezincane.
“Siyekile ukufaka umanyolo owuketshezi ngoba besibona amazinga ethu e-nitrate ephezulu kakhulu,” usho kanje. “Manje sibheka izinto esingakaze sizinake kakhulu ngaphambili njenge-silica, i-molybdenum, ne-cobalt. Siyaqaphela ukuthi mhlawumbe bagxeka kakhulu kunalokho ebesikucabanga.
"Futhi, ukuhlaziywa kwe-sap kusikhombisa ukuthi ukweqisa kanye nokushoda kwezinto kungaqala kanjani umphumela wezinye izinkinga esitshalweni. Uyasazi isisho sakudala, utshani olwaphula umhlane wekamela. Kwakungesikho lokho tshani obubodwa; kwakuyisisindo sazo zonke lezo tshani. Siyaqhubeka nokufunda ukuthi zonke lezi zakhi zidlala kanjani empilweni yesihlahla. Idatha esiyiqoqayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ishintsha izincomo zokuthi yiliphi inani elifanele lemisoco ehlukahlukene ngokusekelwe endleleni izihlahla ezisabela ngayo. Lawa maphuzu edatha nendlela esisabela ngayo kungikhumbuza inqubo yobuhlakani bokwenziwa.”
Ngemva kokusebenzisa i-sap analysis isizini ephelele ukuze aqondise izinqumo zomsoco, u-Turgeau uthi uyakwazi ukukubona ezihlahleni. “Izihlahla zibukeka zinempilo, sibe nesivuno esingcono kancane kule sizini, futhi sibona ukugcinwa kwezithelo okungcono,” usho kanje.
Adonswa Kanjani Amasampula Esap?
Ukudonsa i-sap analysis kuyinqubo ehluke kancane kunesampula yethishu yendabuko. Amasampula omhlabathi asadingeka uma usebenzisa ukuhlaziya uketshezi bese ubeka isisekelo sohlu lwemisoco emhlabathini. Ngokuvamile amasampula ezicubu zendabuko adonswa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuhlaziywa kwe-sap ngezinjongo zokuqhathanisa, nakuba kungenasidingo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-sap kudinga ukuqoqwa kwamaqabunga avuthiwe kanye namahlamvu amancane. Lokhu kubonisa ukuhamba okusebenzayo kwezinto ezifika kwezingama-23 ezihlaziywayo. Thatha isibonelo se-phosphorus: iqabunga elincane lingase libonise izinga eliphezulu, kodwa iqabunga elidala lingabonisa ukugxila kwe-phosphorus ephansi. Uma ukugxila eqabungeni elidala lingaphansi kwezinga lokugxila eqabungeni elincane, ukuhlaziywa kubonisa ukuntula kwe-phosphorus. Kuleso simo, amaqabunga amancane adonsa izakhi emaqabunga amadala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasampula kufanele adonswe ekuseni - kusukela ekuphumeni kwelanga kuze kube yihora leshumi ekuseni - ngaphambi kokuba isimiso semithambo yesitshalo "sivuke" ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Amaqabunga kufanele agcinwe omile futhi epholile ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa ukuze ahlaziywe, kodwa angaqandisiwe ngoba lokho kulimaza izakhiwo zemithambo. Cishe amagremu angama-10 wezinto ezinamaqabunga amancane namadala kufanele aqoqwe. Ku-citrus, lokho cishe amaqabunga angama-80 kuya kwangu-55 isampula ngayinye.