#Kazakhstan #Agriculture #CropDiversification #OilseedCrops #ForageCrops #SustainableAgriculture #RegionalDevelopment #CropReallocation #AgriculturalPolicy #EnvironmentalSustainability
Emzamweni wokulungisa kabusha umkhakha wezolimo wase-Kazakhstan, iPhini likaNdunankulu u-Serik Zhumangarin usanda kuhlola ukuqaliswa kohlelo lokuhlukahluka kwezitshalo. Isimo sezwe sezolimo sezwe kulindeleke ukuthi sibe nezinguquko ezibalulekile ngesizini ka-2024, nendawo yokuhlwanyela elinganiselwa ku-23.9 million hectares, okuphawula ukwehla kwamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-115.6 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule.
Inkathi yezolimo ezayo izofakaza ukwehla kokulinywa kukakolweni ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-439.2 kanye nebhali ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-129.5. Ngokuphambene, kukhona ukugxila kwamasu ekwandiseni izitshalo zembewu kawoyela ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-414.7 kanye nezitshalo zefolishi ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-96.4. Lolu shintsho luhlose ukwandisa ukwabiwa kwezitshalo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo ezweni lonke.
Okuphawuleka kakhulu ukuncishiswa okuhleliwe kwezilimo ezidinga amanzi kakhulu njengokotini (ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-16) nerayisi (ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-6.4), okubonisa ukuzibophezela ekusebenzeni kwezolimo okusimeme.
Ukwehliswa okukhulu kokulinywa kukakolweni kulindeleke esifundeni sase-Akmolinsk, lapho amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-251.3 azophinde anikezwe izitshalo zembewu kawoyela, okwandisa kakhulu indawo yokutshala kusuka kumahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-198 ngo-2023 kuya kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-400 ngonyaka ka-2024. I-Abai, ne-Pavlodar bakulungele ukwandisa izindawo zabo zokutshala imbewu kawoyela.
Sekukonke, ngo-2024, izindawo ezinkulu ezabelwa izitshalo zembewu kawoyela eKazakhstan zizoba seNyakatho Kazakhstan (amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-751), iKostanay (amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-746), futhi, ngokunwetshwa okuhleliwe, esifundeni sase-Akmolinsk. I-East Kazakhstan izobona ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokutshalwa kwembewu kawoyela, okufika kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-219, kukhuphuke ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-9 ukusuka ku-2023.
Ngokuhambisana nezidingo zemakethe namandla okucubungula, izinhlelo zokunciphisa ukulinywa kommbila ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 ezifundeni zase-Almaty naseZhetisu zihlongozwa. Lokhu kuncishiswa kuzokwenza kube lula ukwanda kwezitshalo eziseqhulwini zenani eliphezulu. Okugcizelelwayo kusekunikezeni amandla abaphathi bezifunda ukuze babeke eqhulwini izitshalo zembewu kawoyela ngokusekelwe emandleni ezolimo wendawo nengqalasizinda.
Ukwengeza, kunomzamo ohlangene wokuthuthukisa ukutshalwa kwezitshalo zefolishi ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-96.4 ukuze kuqiniswe isizinda sefolishi esibalulekile ekukhuleni kwemboni yobisi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemfuyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zokwandisa ukutshalwa kwezitshalo ezibalulekile emphakathini, ezifana ne-sugar beet, ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-13.3 akhona, okuhloswe ukuthi kufinyelele amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-26.3 zendawo yokutshala. Ngokuphawulekayo, uhulumeni unikeza ukwesekwa okuphelele kubakhiqizi bebhitrudi kashukela, okuhlanganisa uxhaso kanye namazinga okubuyisela athuthukisiwe okuthengwa kwemishini ekhethekile.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo kanye nokunciphisa izingozi zenkohlakalo emkhakheni wezolimo, kucatshangelwa indlela yokusizakala kusengaphambili, okugcizelela ukuphathwa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele nokuba sobala.