#Kazakhstan #Agriculture #IrrigationSystems #WaterScarcity #SustainableFarming #ClimateChange #RECCA #Innovation #FoodSecurity #EnvironmentalConservation
Ezindaweni ezomile zaseKazakhstan, lapho ukuntuleka kwamanzi kusongela insimu yezolimo, kuvela ithemba. Inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe inikeza usizo lokubhekana nokushoda kwamanzi; Amaphesenti angama-40 amanzi alahleka ezinhlelweni zokunisela. Zitholele amaphrojekthi ashintsha igeyimu abumba kabusha ikusasa lezolimo lase-Kazakhstan.
Eminyakeni yamuva, abalimi baseKazakh baye bahlaba umkhosi. Izifunda eziningi zezwe zomile ngenxa yesomiso esidonse isikhathi eside. Imifula iyancipha, futhi amanzi ezidingo ezibalulekile aya entuleka. UMnyango Wezemvelo umemezele isimo esibucayi. Ukuze kugcinwe umkhiqizo wezolimo, abalimi badinga izinhlelo zokunisela ezisebenzayo. Nokho, imisele nemijondolo ephelelwe yisikhathi idinga kakhulu ukulungiswa. Kukhona ukushoda kwakho kokubili amathuluzi kanye nochwepheshe. Ochwepheshe bagqamisa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ibona ukugeleza kwamanzi ngenxa yokuncibilika kweqhwa nokuncibilika kweqhwa, kodwa cishe ingxenye yawo iyalahleka ngenxa yokuhwamuka nokuhlunga. Ubuchwepheshe obusha bubalulekile ukuze kongiwe futhi kusatshalaliswe ngempumelelo le nsiza eyigugu.
Izixazululo Ezintsha Ezinikezwa yi-RECCA
I-Regional Environmental Center for Central Asia (RECCA), inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe engenzi nzuzo eyasungulwa ngo-2021 ngohulumeni bamazwe amahlanu ase-Asia Emaphakathi, i-European Union, kanye ne-UNDP, ingenelele ukubhekana nale nkinga. Kulo nyaka, baqala amaphrojekthi amabili abalulekile wokuphatha imithombo yamanzi eKazakhstan. Eyokuqala, “Ukuphathwa Okudidiyelwe Kwamanzi Esigodini Somfula i-Ishim,” izosetshenziswa ezifundeni zase-Akmolinskaya naseNyakatho Kazakhstan, kuzuze cishe amapulazi angu-7500 emadolobhaneni anjengeKarabulak, Azat, Arnasai, Shortandy, nedolobha laseStepnogorsk. Izindleko zephrojekthi: $123,000. Iphrojekthi yesibili, “Ukuthuthukisa Ukuzimela Kwezomnotho Nokuthuthukiswa Kwabesifazane Ezindaweni Zasemakhaya zase-Asia Emaphakathi Ngokufinyelela Amanzi Okunisela Nengqalasizinda,” izohlanganisa izifunda eziseningizimu yeKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, neTajikistan, ngesabelomali se-$450,000. Lawa maphrojekthi, axhaswe ngemali, asebenza njengemibukiso yezisombululo ezisebenzayo. Umgomo wabo uwukukhombisa ukuthi izinkinga zokuchelela zingasingathwa kanjani, kuvula indlela yokuba izinhlaka zikahulumeni ziphindaphinde futhi zandise izinqubo ezifanayo ngezinga elibanzi. Amaphrojekthi azophothulwa ngoMeyi 2024.
Inselele Yezindawo Eziniselwa Ngenkasa eKazakhstan
Iningi le-Asia Emaphakathi libhekene nokushoda kwamanzi, okwenza ezolimo zisebenze ngokunisela kuphela, ngokusho kochwepheshe be-RECCA. E-Kazakhstan, kuphela i-7.6% yezindawo ezilinywayo eziniselwayo, isamba samahektha ayizigidi ezingu-2.2. Ukuqhathanisa, i-Uzbekistan inisela u-96%, iTurkmenistan 90%, iKyrgyzstan 75%, neTajikistan 73% yezindawo ezilinywayo. Ochwepheshe babikezela isomiso esizoba sibi kakhulu ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okuqhubeka nokuncipha kwemithombo yamanzi. Kulesi simo, ukulima ngenkasa kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla, ukuqashwa, nokunciphisa ubumpofu.
Ukuze ivumelane nezimo zezulu ezishintshayo, iKazakhstan kufanele itshale izimali ezinhlelweni zokunisela ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe obulondoloza amanzi. Njengamanje, u-62% wamanzi aseKazakhstan atholakala ezitsheni eziwela imingcele asetshenziselwa ukuchelela. Izwe libhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa:
- Isilinganiso sobudala bengqalasizinda yokuchelela phakathi kwamapulazi kanye nesepulazini siyiminyaka engama-50, futhi ingqalasizinda eyinhloko indala kakhulu.
- Amaphesenti angama-40 amanzi alahleka emiseleni yokunisela nasezinhlelweni zokuhlunga ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi kwemisele kanye nasemithambekeni.
- Cishe u-50% wezindawo eziniselwayo zithinteka ekufakweni kukasawoti emanzini.
Imizamo eyenziwa yi-RECCA imemezela inkathi entsha yezolimo zaseKazakh. Ngokugxila ezindleleni zokuchelela ezisimeme, la maphrojekthi ahlinzeka ngohlaka lwekusasa lezwe. Ukwenza ingqalasizinda yokunisela ibe yesimanjemanje, ukuqaliswa kokuqapha izinga lamanzi nenhlabathi, kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwezakhiwo zezolimo kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla, ukonga imithombo yamanzi ayigugu, kanye nokwenza ngcono izimpilo zabalimi.
Njengoba sibheke phambili, kubalulekile ukuthi ababambiqhaza - abalimi, izazi zezolimo, onjiniyela bezolimo, abanikazi bamapulazi, nososayensi - basekele futhi bafunde kule mizamo. Ngomzamo ohlangene nezisombululo ezintsha, iKazakhstan inganqoba inkinga yayo yamanzi, iguqule isimo sayo sezolimo futhi iqinisekise ikusasa eliqhakazile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.