Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukukhanya odabeni oluphathelene nezibulala-sikhunta ezibeka engcupheni ukuphila kwezivini. Ngokuhlola idatha yakamuva evela emithonjeni enedumela elihle, sihlola umthelela wokusetshenziswa kwesikhunta ku-ecosystem yesivini, sixoxe ngezixazululo ezingaba khona, futhi sigcizelele ukubaluleka kwezinqubo ezizinzile. Hlanganyela nathi njengoba sihlolisisa lesi sihloko esibalulekile sabalimi, izazi zezolimo namahlathi, onjiniyela bezolimo, abanikazi bamapulazi, nososayensi bezolimo.
Izivini, ezidume ngokuba nezindawo ezinhle newayini elihle, zibhekene nosongo olucindezelayo olubeka khona kanye ukuphila kwazo engozini. Ucwaningo lwakamuva, njengoba kubikiwe ku-Phys.org, luveza ingozi engaba khona ngenxa yokubulala isikhunta endaweni yemvelo yesivini futhi igqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokubhekana nalolu daba. Kulesi sihloko, sihlolisisa idatha, sihlole imiphumela yokusetshenziswa komuthi wokukhunta, futhi sigcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinqubo ezizinzile zokuba nempilo yesikhathi eside yezivini.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwemithi yokubulala isikhunta esivini luphakamise izinsimbi emphakathini wezolimo. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile yokubulala isikhunta, nakuba iphumelela ekulawuleni izifo ezikhunta, ingaba nemiphumela engahlosiwe ekulinganiseni okuntekenteke kwemvelo yesivini. Lezi zibulala-sikhunta azithinti nje amagciwane ahlosiwe kodwa futhi ziphazamisa namagciwane awusizo, njengeyeast namagciwane, adlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yenhlabathi, ekukhuleni komvini, nokuvutshelwa kwewayini.
Ukuphazamiseka kwalezi zinambuzane ezizuzisayo kungaholela ekuqubukeni kwemiphumela engemihle, okuhlanganisa ukuncipha kokuvunda kwenhlabathi, ukonakala kwempilo yamagilebhisi, ukuguqulwa kwekhwalithi yewayini, kanye nokwanda kokungenwa yizifo. Ukwengeza, ukunqwabelana kwezibulala-sikhunta endaweni ezungezile kungaba nomthelela omubi ezintweni ezingahlosiwe, ezithwala impova, nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela isidingo sendlela ebanzi futhi eqhubekayo yokuphatha isivini.
Ukuvikela ubungqabavu bezivini, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinqubo ezisimeme ezinciphisa ukuthembela kuma-fungicides. Amasu okuLawulwa Kwezinambuzane Okudidiyelwe (IPM), agcizelela ukuvimbela, ukuqapha, nokungenelela okuhlosiwe, kungaba ithuluzi elibalulekile ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa komuthi wokukhunta. Ngokusebenzisa imikhuba yamasiko, njengokuphathwa kwe-canopy, ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo, nokukhethwa kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezimelana nezifo, abalimi bangakha imvelo enempilo yesivini ekwazi ukumelana nezifo zokukhunta.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokulima eziphilayo kanye ne-biodynamic zinikeza ezinye izindlela ezikhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, impilo yomhlabathi, kanye nezindlela zemvelo zokulawula izinambuzane. Lezi zindlela zibeka phambili ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-fungi ezivela emithonjeni yemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuhlukahluka kwamagciwane, okungaba nomthelela ekucindezelweni kwezifo kanye nokuqina kwesivini.
Sengiphetha, usongo olubangelwa izibulala-sikhunta ezivinini ludinga ukushintshwa kwepharadigm ekulawuleni isivini esimeme. Ngokuvuma imiphumela engahlosiwe yokusetshenziswa komuthi wokukhunta, ukusebenzisa amasu adidiyelwe okulawula izinambuzane, nokwamukela izinqubo ze-organic kanye ne-biodynamic, abalimi bangavikela ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwezinhlelo zemvelo zesivini. Ukulondoloza ubungqabavu besivini kudinga umzamo ohlangene wabalimi, izazi zezolimo namahlathi, onjiniyela bezolimo, nososayensi ukuze kube nokulinganisela phakathi kokulawulwa kwezifo nokusimama kwemvelo.
Tags: izivini, ama-fungicides, impilo ye-ecosystem, imikhuba eqhubekayo, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okudidiyelwe, ukulima okuphilayo, ukuphathwa kwesivini, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, impilo yomhlabathi