Njengoba isizini ye-asparagus yase-UK isondela ngokushesha, uKim Parker uchaza ukuthi izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokubola kwe-phytophthora 'ziyiphuzu leqhwa' futhi ufingqa amasu okuvimbela nokulawula.
Kwabanye abalimi be-asparagus, ukubola kwe-phytophthora 'kuyizitha' ezijwayelekile. Abanye abalimi baqala ukuhlangana nalesi sifo esibhubhisayo ngo-2020, kulandela ikwindla emanzi kancane nenhlabathi egcwele ngoFebhuwari.
Yiziphi izimpawu zokubola kwe-phytophthora ku-asparagus?
Izimpawu ezisobala kakhulu ze-asparagus phytophthora ngesikhathi sokuvuna izilonda ezisekelweni lomkhonto. Lokhu kubangela ukusonteka komkhonto noma ukubonakala 'okugwegwile', okulandelwa ukugoqa noma ukushwabana. Nokho, ngokuvamile okuwukuphela kwenkomba yenkinga kuba imikhonto embalwa evelayo, imikhonto emincane, noma izinti zezitshalo eziya ngokuya ziba zimbi.
Ukuqhubeka kwe-phytophthora kuba sobala kakhulu uma umba phansi ezimpandeni kanye nomqhele. Izimpande ezithelelekile ziqala zibonakale zicwile emanzini, kamuva zibe nsundu futhi zibolile. Imiqhele enegciwane ithambisa izicubu zangaphakathi.
Umonakalo uhlinzeka ngezindawo zokungena kwamanye amagciwane afana I-Fusarium izinhlobo. Ngenxa yalokho, kungaba nomthelela omubi wesikhathi eside ekukhiqizweni komkhonto kanye ne-fern kanye nesivuno kumasizini alandelayo.Emuva ku: Integrated pest management (IPM)
I-phytophthora rot pathogen iphila kanjani?
I-pathogen ingaphila emiqheleni yokutshala kanye 'nama-oospores' ahlala isikhathi eside emhlabathini. Izinhlamvu zokubhukuda zikhishwa ezakhiweni ze-pathogen ezicutshini zomqhele kanye nama-oospores enhlabathini, okuholela ekuthelelekeni kwezimpande nemikhonto evelayo.
Amazinga okushisa afanelekile okutheleleka ngu-10-12oC. Ukuhlaselwa okunzima kuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezimanzi kanye nokungagelezi kahle kwamanzi.
Ngingakuphatha kanjani ukubola kwe-phytophthora ezitshalweni ze-asparagus?
Vimbela
I-Phytophthora kunzima ukuyiqeda uma isikhona ensimini, ngakho ukuvimbela kuyisu elingcono kakhulu:
- Gwema ukutshala okusha lapho kunomlando wokubola kwezimpande esitshalweni sangaphambilini
Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi izimo zenhlabathi zingase zibe lula ukuthuthukiswa kokubola kwe-phytophthora.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umhlabathi udonswe kahle futhi awujwayele ukugcwala amanzi
Uma amanzi angenamandla esivunweni esivuthiwe, thatha isinyathelo sokulungisa inkinga.
- Hlola kubahlinzeki bomqhele ukuthi izindawo zokuzalanisa azikho yini ukubola kwe-phytophthora
Qaphela ukuthi okwamanje akukho ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga okusetshenziselwa ukuthengisa ukuhlola i-phytophthora emiqhele.
- Ukutshala imiqhele kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezomile nezifudumele
Lokhu kufanele kunciphise ingozi yokutheleleka nge-phytophthora.
- Cabangela ukulima okuyiziro
Izinqubo zokutshala ezifana nokugqwala kanye nokungcolisa phansi kungabangela ukulimala kwezimpande kanye nezindawo zokungena zokutheleleka nge-pathogen. Imiphumela evela kweyethu ucwaningo kuholele ekucabangeni okusha mayelana nezinzuzo ezingaba khona zero tillage.Ukuqonda amaphethini okukhula kwezimpande ze-asparagus: bukela ividiyo futhi ufunde ishidi lamaqiniso
Control
I-SL 567A (metalaxyl-M) ukuphela kwesikhunta esivunyelwe njengamanje sokulawula ukubola kwe-phytophthora ku-asparagus futhi kufanele ifakwe ngaphambi kokuvela kwemikhonto.
I-SL 567A isebenza kahle kakhulu uma isetshenziswa enhlabathini eswakeme bese 'igezwa' enhlabathini ngokudlulela phambili kwamanzi emvuleni. Umkhiqizo akufanele ufakwe enhlabathini egcwele amanzi ngoba ungasuswa kalula ngokukhipha amanzi angaphezulu.
Njengoba imboni incike entweni eyodwa esebenzayo, i-metataxyl-M, sikhathazekile ngengozi yokumelana. Kukhona futhi amathuba okunciphisa ukusebenza kahle ngenxa yokuwohloka kwe-microbial emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, sisebenzisana nezimboni ukuhlola ezinye izindlela zokubulala isikhunta.Ukubheka ngokujulile ukubola kwe-phytophthora ku-asparagus - izimpawu nezinketho zokuphathaI-Crop Walkers' Guide: I-Asparagus - khomba izinambuzane nezifo ezibalulekileIzindlela zokulawula eziqhubekayo ze-asparagus beetleImiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-SCEPTREplus yezitshalo ze-asparagus
UKim Parker usebenze ku-horticulture yase-UK kusukela ngo-2000. Ube nguSayensi Wokuvikela Izitshalo e-AHDB iminyaka engaphezu kwemine, egxile emifino yasensimini kanye nezinto ezidliwayo ezivikelekile futhi ngaphambilini wasebenza njengodokotela wezitshalo we-ADAS.