UMnyango Wezolimo wase-US uklomelise nge iminyaka emihlanu, isibonelelo sika-$10 million eya eNorth Carolina State University kanye ne-USDA-Agricultural Research Service ukuze ahole umzamo wocwaningo kazwelonke wokuthuthukisa ukusimama kwezolimo, kuyilapho kubhekwana nenselelo enkulu yomhlaba wonke yokuthi wondla kanjani abantu abakhulayo emhlabeni, ngokusebenzisa izilimo ezikhavayo.
“Ngalolu xhaso, sizokwakha inethiwekhi yethu ekhona yabacwaningi ukuze senze izivivinyo ezihlanganisiwe zokuhlola zonke izindlela zokumboza izitshalo ezingathuthukisa inhlabathi kanye nenzuzo yezitshalo zemali bese siguqula lolo lwazi olusha lube amathuluzi okusekela izinqumo, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza, kubalimi,” kusho uChris Reberg-Horton, uprofesa weCrop and Soil Science futhi ongumholi wethimba labacwaningi. "Ekugcineni, sifuna ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla, ukunciphisa imithelela yemvelo kwezolimo futhi sisize abalimi ukuthi bavumelane nesimo sezulu esishintshayo."
Uxhaso olusha lwe-Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Izinhlelo Zezolimo Eziqhubekayo Uhlelo luzohlola ukuthi izitshalo ezikhavayo ezitshalwa emapulazini nasezikhungweni zocwaningo ezifundazweni ezingu-23 zithinta kanjani izinambuzane, ukhula, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, amazinga ezakhi zomhlabathi futhi ekugcineni isivuno sezitshalo zemali ezinkulu ezifana nommbila, ukotini nobhontshisi wesoya. Le phrojekthi iholwa ngokuhlanganyela uSteven Mirsky, isazi sezolimo nemvelo ne-USDA-Agricultural Research Service.
Izitshalo ezimboziwe ziyizitshalo ezitshalwa ukuze zivikele umhlabathi ekugugulekeni kanti futhi zithuthukisa izinga lokusebenzisa izakhi zomhlabathi kanye nokunciphisa izinambuzane. Izitshalo zokumboza ezivame ukutshalwa ngenkathi engasebenzi zihlanganisa i-rye, i-clover, uphizi wasebusika kanye nama-radishes.
Inethiwekhi yocwaningo ekhona nebanzi, ebizwa I-Precision Sustainable Agriculture, izonwebeka ukuze iqoqe izinhlobo eziningi zedatha ezindaweni eziningi, ezinezinhlobo zenhlabathi ezihlukene nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene, kusho uReberg-Horton, ophinde abe umsizi womqondisi wenhlangano. Centre for Environmental Farming Systems.
Ithimba lezinhlaka ezihlukene elihlanganisa ochwepheshe bezitshalo, abamodeli bamakhompiyutha kanye nososayensi bezenhlalakahle abavela ezikhungweni ezingu-36, bazocwaninga imibuzo kusukela ekutheni izitshalo ezimboziwe zinethonya kanjani ukumelana nemichilo yokubulala ukhula kuye ekutheni ukunethezeka kwesilimo sekhava ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zensimu kuwathinta kanjani amazinga e-nitrogen enhlabathini.
Ithimba lizosebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, obufana nokuqoqwa kwedatha okuzenzakalelayo, izinkundla zedatha ezisekelwe emafini nokufunda komshini ukuze kusheshiswe inqubo yabo yokuthola. Isibonelo, u-Edgar Lobaton, uprofesa osebenzisana naye kuMnyango Wezobunjiniyela Bakagesi Nezamakhompiyutha weSifundazwe se-NC, uzosebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bakhe bokufunda ngomshini nokucubungula amasignali ukuze ahlaziye idatha eqoqwe futhi athuthukise ama-algorithms ukuze abikezele ukubekezelela isomiso kanye nokuqina kwezilimo. Olunye uphiko lwe-CALS, okuhlanganisa u-Ramon Leon no-Alex Woodley, bazofunda ukuthi izitshalo zekhava ziyifaka kanjani i-nitrogen enhlabathini futhi zibe nomthelela emazingeni okhula. 7F%1Fcals.ncsu.edu
Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwesayensi kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezizungeze izinzuzo zezitshalo ezikhavayo, ithimba lizonweba lolo lwazi lube izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze lisize abalimi ezinqubweni zabo zokuthatha izinqumo, kusho u-Reberg-Horton. Izitshalo zekhava azisona isixazululo esilingana konke, wengeza. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwenhlabathi yendawo, isimo sezulu kanye nezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu, uhlelo lokusebenza lungancoma izitshalo zokumboza ezihlukene kanye nezinketho zokuphatha ezihlukile.
Ithimba lizophinde lithuthukise izifundo zokufinyelela emphakathini kanye nemfundo yasekilasini ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokusabalalisa kolwazi elilutholayo.
Umgomo wesibonelelo sikahulumeni ukukhulisa ukwamukelwa kwezitshalo zokukhava kanye nokuguqula ezolimo zibe uhlelo oluvumelana nezimo futhi oluzinzile. Ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini, ithimba lithole ukuthi izitshalo zokumboza zandisa ukuqina ngendlela ebingalindelekile. Ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukugeleza - okwandisa inani lomswakama ogcinwa amasimu futhi kunciphisa inani lemisoco egcina isemifuleni eya phansi nomfula - izitshalo zokuvala, ikakhulukazi amabhola ezimpande, zenza abalimi bakwazi ukutshala kusenesikhathi ngesikhathi semithombo emanzi ngokungavamile. , uthe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ngokunciphisa ukugijima, izitshalo zokumboza zingase futhi zandise ukubekezelela isomiso ezitshalweni zemali ezikhathini eziningi.
U-Reberg-Horton futhi uthemba ukusungula inethiwekhi yocwaningo enkulu ezophila esikhathini eside esidlule isibonelelo seminyaka emihlanu futhi isize ekulolongeni isiko lokusebenzisana okukhulu ocwaningweni lwezolimo.
“Namuhla abalimi ngabanye benza izinqumo zokuphatha njengokuthi bazitshale izitshalo ezikhavayo, yiziphi izinhlobo okufanele bazitshale nokuthi bazibulale nini,” kusho uReberg-Horton. "Ngokuqoqa idatha kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yethu enkulu mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinqumo abazenzayo nokuthi lokho kuthinta kanjani isivuno semali, singakwazi ukufunda ngokushesha ndawonye."
UChris Reberg-Horton, kwesokudla, uGirish Chowdhary, uRanveer Chandra, noSteven Mirsky, kwesokunxele, bahlola irobhothi elizimele lokuqoqa idatha yezolimo. UReberg-Horton kanye noMirsky bangabaholi ababambisene besibonelelo sika-$10M esivela eMnyangweni Wezolimo wase-US ukuze kuguqulwe ezolimo. Isithombe: North Carolina State University