NgoJuni 21, the I-Federal Aviation Administration ikhiphe okusha obekulindelwe I-Aerial Systems (UAS) engaphethwe muntu noma imithetho ye-drone, okubizwa nangokuthi Ingxenye 107. Le mithetho iqala ukusebenza ngomhla ka-Aug. 29, futhi ihlanganisa uchungechunge olubanzi lokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano kuma-drones anesisindo esingaphansi kwamaphawundi angu-55 (isisindo sokusuka).
Olunye lwezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi imisebenzi yezentengiselwano elingana ngaphakathi kohlaka lweNgxenye 107 ngeke isadinga ukugunyazwa kwe-Federal Aviation Administration ngokukhululwa, okuvame ukuthatha izinyanga ukuvikela. Ngaphambilini, abaqhubi bezohwebo bebedinga "ukukhululwa kweSigaba 333," okwakuvumela umqhubi onesitifiketi esigunyazwe yi-Federal Aviation Administration ukuthi andize ku-National Airspace. Akudingekile ukusho, le mithetho yesitifiketi ikhawulele futhi ingakukhuthazi ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona kwama-drones kwezolimo nezinye izinjongo eziningi zentengiso.
Imithethonqubo emisha yeNgxenye 107 ifuna ukudambisa eminye yale mikhawulo ngokusungula isikhundla esisha esiqinisekisiwe sokuthi “I-Remote Pilot in Command” (R-PIC) kanye nenqubo yokuqinisekisa isitifiketi somshayeli esiqhelile. Umuntu osebenzisa i-UAS encane kufanele abambe isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza esikude esinesilinganiso esincane se-UAS noma abe ngaphansi kokugadwa okuqondile komuntu ophethe isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza ekude.
Ukuze ufanelekele ukuthola isitifiketi sokushayela esikude, kuzodingeka ukuthi okungenani ube neminyaka eyi-16 futhi uphumelele umuntu wokuqala ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwe-aeronautical esikhungweni sokuhlola esigunyazwe yi-Federal Aviation Administration. Uma usuvele unesitifiketi sokushayela seNgxenye 61 ngaphandle kwesitifiketi sokushayela somfundi, khona-ke izimfuneko ziwukuqedela ukubuyekezwa kwendiza phakathi nezinyanga ezingama-24 ezedlule futhi uqedele isifundo esincane se-inthanethi se-UAS esinikezwa yi-Federal Aviation Administration. Ngaphambi kokuthi isitifiketi sikhishwe, uzohlolwa ngabakwa Ukuphathwa kwezokuThutha kwezokuThutha ukuze kuhlolwe ingemuva.
I-R-PIC kufanele yenze ukuhlola kwangaphambi kokundiza kwe-UAS encane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isesimweni sokusebenza ngokuphepha. Ukuhlolwa kolwazi komshayeli ozimele we-Federal Aviation Administration akusadingeki. Uma usuvele unokukhululwa kweSigaba 333, ungaqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-UAS ngaphansi kokukhululwa kuze kube iphelelwa yisikhathi. Ngemva kwalokho, ungakhetha ukusebenzisa i-UAS yakho ngaphansi kwemithetho Yengxenye 107 ngokuthola isitifiketi sokushayela esikude.
Indiza kufanele ihlale ngaphakathi komugqa obonakalayo we-R-PIC futhi imisebenzi yasemini kuphela evunyelwe. Ngakho-ke ukulethwa kwezipho zikaKhisimusi noma imisebenzi yasebusuku ngama-drones kusazovinjelwa. Ukuphakama okuphezulu ngamamitha angu-400 ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Uma iphakeme kunamafidi angu-400 ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba, hlala phakathi kwamamitha angu-400 wesakhiwo. Lokhu kuzovumela ama-drones ukuthi ahlole izakhiwo ezinde nezakhiwo zokugcina. Eminye yale mikhawulo eshiwo ngenhla iyavinjelwa uma opharetha ebonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kungenziwa ngokuphepha ngaphansi kwemigomo yokuyekelela.
Amalungu omphakathi azokwazi ukuthatha I-Federal Aviation Administration yokuhlola ulwazi lwe-aeronautical ezikhungweni zokuhlola kusukela ngomhla ka-Aug. 29, 2016. Izindleko ezingu-$150 zokuhlolwa kolwazi zilindelwe. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, kuzodingeka ugcwalise Ifomu Lesicelo SeSitifiketi Se-Airman Federal Aviation Administration futhi ufake isicelo sesitifiketi sokushayela esikude. Uma wehluleka ukuhlolwa, ungaphinda uhlole ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14.
Imithetho emisha yeNgxenye 107 ithathwe ngokuhlukanisa ngokuyisisekelo i-UAS encane emithethweni yendiza ephethwe umuntu. Manje sekungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-UAS ngaphandle kwesitifiketi sokufaneleka sezindiza se-Federal Aviation Administration, ilayisense yokushayela noma ukukhululwa kwesigaba 333.
Ngokukhula kwamandla emakethe, imboni ye-drone manje izoheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okusha kwangasese. Lokho empeleni kuzogqugquzela amasu amasha, ucwaningo olubalulekile lwesayensi nentuthuko kanye nokukhula kwemisebenzi yendawo. Uma uzwa sengathi imithetho ye-Federal Aviation Administration Part 107 ayizange ihambe ngokwanele, iseluleko ukuthi uhlale unesineke. Lesi isinyathelo sokuqala ochungechungeni lwezinguquko futhi imiqondo eyengeziwe yokusebenza izovunyelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ezolimo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla kuzoba usizo olukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-drone. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwezohwebo kuphathelene nezokuphepha, ezokuvikela, ukuphepha komphakathi, ukuxhumana nezinsiza zemvelo nezokuthutha. Ochwepheshe bezimboni balinganisela ukuthi izinguquko zemithetho yakamuva zizosiza ukukhiqiza imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-R82 emnothweni wase-US futhi zidale imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-100,000 eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo.
Ukuze uthole isifinyezo solwazi, funda iFederal Aviation Administration ethi “Isifinyezo Somthetho Wezindiza Ezincane Ezingenamuntu (Ingxenye 107). "
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-UAS kwezolimo nocwaningo, vakashela I-UAS ku-Agricultural Learning Network futhi ufunde okuthunyelwe kwabo kwebhulogi, "Isifinyezo semithetho ye-FAA Ingxenye 107 ye-UAS Yenethiwekhi Yokufunda Yezolimo. "
Ngifisa ukubonga uVictor Villegas we I-Oregon State University Extension kanye namalungu e-eXtension Community of Practice ku-UAS ngombono wabo kulesi sihloko.
- UGeorge Silva, Michigan State University
Umthombo: I-Michigan State University Extension