Abamele abavela eMichigan State University kanye noMnyango Wezemvelo WaseMichigan (MDNR) babheke ukuphindaphinda impumelelo yabanye ezweni lonke abakhele ubudlelwano bokuhlanganisa. ukunemba kwezolimo kanye nokongiwa kwemvelo.
Umhlangano oholwa nguRuss Mason, isikhulu se-MDNR ehlala e-MSU Ikolishi Lezolimo Nezemvelo, senzeka ngekwindla edlule eLansing, eMichigan. Abahlanganyeli bahlanganisa i-Pheasants Forever, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo egxile ekongiweni ekhuthaza ama-pheasants nezinye izilwane zasendle; I-Danone, inkampani yokudla yamazwe ngamazwe; kanye ne-Indigo Agriculture, inkampani esiza abalimi ukuthi basimame ngobuchwepheshe.
Iqembu lixoxe ngamasu okusebenzisa abalimi ekwenzeni ngcono impilo yomhlabathi, njengokutshala izilimo zokuvala ezifaka initrogen emhlabathini hatshi ukulinywa, okutshiya izinsalela zensimu zibole ngokwemvelo futhi zengeze umsoco.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo obunembayo buphinde bacatshangelwa, njengokuqoqa izithombe ze-drone nesathelayithi ezinikeza abalimi idatha eqondiwe mayelana nokusebenza kwezindawo ezithile zamasimu abo.
UMason uthe inhloso wukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olwengeziwe kubalimi ukuze benze izinqumo ezingcono. I-Precision Agriculture isekela ukunikela ngesikhathi nezinsiza ekwenzeni umhlaba ube nenzuzo, kuyilapho ishiya amanye amasimu engatshaliwe noma atshalwe ngezitshalo ezilungele izilwane zasendle.
Le ndlela ingonga imali yomlimi ngokungatshali noma ukufaka umanyolo ongadingekile, izibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-sikhunta, futhi imvelo iyazuza ekubuyiselweni kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nokokufaka okuncane okuhlobene nepulazi. Kwezinye izimo, abalimi bangabhalisa beka eceleni izinhlelo ngoMnyango Wezolimo wase-US (i-USDA) I-Farm Service Agency, ekhokhela abakhiqizi irenti yonyaka ukuze bagweme ukutshala endaweni ezwela imvelo.
“Akuvamisile ukuthi sithole izimo lapho izimfuno zawo wonke amaqembu zihambisana,” kusho uMason. “Uma wazi ukuthi indawo ethile yensimu yakho ayisebenzi kahle, akuhlakaniphile ngokwezomnotho ukufaka izinsiza ezengeziwe kuyo. Ukusebenzisa leyo ndawo ukuze kuvuselelwe indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo zezinyoni nabathutha impova kusiza indawo ezungezile futhi kuvumela abalimi ukuba basebenzise imali encane.”
UBill Moritz, omele insimu yaseMidwest we-Wildlife Management Institute owake wasebenzela i-MDNR, ubambe iqhaza futhi emhlanganweni. Usebenza njengomxhumanisi wenhlangano nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni kanye nama-ejensi kahulumeni kanye nefederal ukuze aqhubekisele phambili imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo kulo lonke elaseMidwest. Uphinde abe nepulazi.
“Indlela okusebenza ngayo ukulima nokongiwa kwemvelo ibilokhu ingithakasela,” kusho uMoritz. “Sinethuba langempela lokuhambisa inaliti ekongiweni sibe sithuthukisa ukulima. Sibheka izindlela zokuhlanganisa ababambiqhaza ndawonye eMichigan ngendlela efanayo naleyo esenziwe yiPheasants Forever. Benze intuthuko enkulu kwezinye izifundazwe.”
Isimo sokuwina
URyan Heiniger, umqondisi wezolimo futhi ongomunye wabaqondisi abane bemisebenzi yasensimini ne-Pheasants Forever, ujabule ngezinzuzo eziza nabalimi abaningi abasebenzisa amasu ezolimo anembayo. Isimo sakhe sengqondo esihle sigxile ethembeni nasekusasa eliqhakazile. Futhi unesizathu esihle sokujabula.
“Sikwazile ukufinyelela izethameli eziningi ebezingahlangani phambilini,” kusho uHeiniger. “Ukungena phakathi kwabalimi nokuba ngumeluleki omethembayo bekubucayi kakhulu.”
Isizinda semfundo sika-Heiniger singokwebhayoloji yezilwane zasendle, futhi usebenze ngezindima ezihlukahlukene nama-ejensi nezingenzi-nzuzo ukuze avikele izindawo zezilwane ezisengozini.
Imisebenzi yakhe yansuku zonke ihlanganisa ukwakha ubambiswano nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obuthuthukisa inzuzo yabalimi nokongiwa kwemvelo. Izinto ezifana nempilo yomhlabathi, ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nokugeleza kwezakhi zihlala ziseqophelweni eliphezulu.
NjengoMoritz, ukhulele epulazini futhi uyingxenye yesizukulwane sesi-5 emndenini wakhe esiqhuba namuhla. Izintshisekelo zakhe zihlangana ekuhlanganeni kokulima nangaphandle, ngakho-ke lokhu kungokwakho. Uthe ubudlelwano obunobunye phakathi kwezolimo nemvelo bubalulekile ukuze kusimame, futhi kuwufanele isikhathi nokutshalwa kwezinsiza.
Kusukela ngo-2015, u-Heiniger kanye nozakwabo be-Pheasants Forever bebesebenzisana nabalimi nezinye izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene ukuletha ezolimo ngokunemba kubalimi kulo lonke elaseMidwest.
“Kufanele ucabangele zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziguquguqukayo lapho ulima, futhi kungase kuzwakale njengokugcwala kolwazi ngezinye izikhathi,” kusho uHeiniger. “Yingakho abantu abaningi bethembele kumlando ukuthi bathathe izinqumo. Nokho, ngobuchwepheshe obusha, singabonisa abalimi ukuthi bangonga kanjani isikhathi nemali besebenzisa ukulima okunembayo, okusiza imvelo. Ngempela kuwukuwina.”
Abanye babalingani bePheasants Forever nguJohn Deere, Land O'Lakes, Purina and Cotton Inc., kanye nama-ejensi afana ne-USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Lezi zinhlangano zinentshisekelo yokulima, ikhwalithi yezemvelo noma kokubili, futhi ezinye zingamavulandlela we-software yezolimo enembayo eyenza lolu hlelo lwenzeke.
Inkundla eyodwa yobuchwepheshe i-Truterra, eyingxenye yohlelo lwe-Land O'Lakes SUSTAIN, oluhlinzeka abalimi ngemibiko enemininingwane nezincomo.
UKent Adams, omunye wabaqondisi abakanye noHeiniger bemisebenzi yasensimini e-Pheasants Forever, uzinze ePennsylvania futhi ufundisa abalimi basempumalanga ye-US ukuthi bangazuza kanjani ngokunemba kwezolimo.
“Ngitshela abantu ukuthi angikhuthazi nje ukulima okunembayo ngoba ngifuna kubuyiselwe indawo okuhlala kuyo izimpungushe,” kusho u-Adams. “Abantu abakukhathalele lokho cishe sebevele benentshisekelo yokongiwa kwemvelo. Ngakhulela epulazini, ngakho ngiyasiqonda isimo sabalimi. Ngifuna babambe iqhaza ngoba wonke umuntu uyahlomula, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngoba kuyinto efanele ukubenzela yona.”
U-Heiniger uthe ucwaningo luwumngcele olandelayo we-precision Agriculture movement. Ukuthola abalimi ezifundeni eziningi zezwe ukuthi babambe iqhaza kuyadingeka ukuze kukhuliswe umsebenzi osuvele uqhubeka.
“Kuyasijabulisa ukukhuluma nabacwaningi base-MSU nakwamanye amanyuvesi ngoba siningi isikhala sokuthi bangene kulolu cwaningo,” kusho uHeiniger. “Abantu baya ngokuya befuna ukwazi ukuthi ukudla kwabo kuvelaphi nokuthi ukukhiqiza kuyasimama Leso isinyathelo esilandelayo salokhu, esiza ukukhombisa amakhono esikhathi eside, amakhulu okulima okunembayo.”