…futhi amabhungane asiza ukhunta ukuthi luthele izitshalo.
Isihlangu sebhungane i-Chelymorpha alternans.
Isikhunta isikhunta i-fusarium acrosporum ingenye ye-phytopathogens evamile engabangela izinkinga eziningi kwezolimo. Ngokuphathelene nama-hosts, iziphatha kabi kakhulu, okungukuthi, i-parasitizes ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kucaciswe lapha ukuthi i-fusarium acrosporum inezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, ngezinye izikhathi ezisebenza ngokukhethekile ku-spectrum emincane kakhulu yabasingathi; ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ezingenabungozi futhi eziwusizo phakathi kwazo. Kodwa ngokuvamile, i-mushroom ibhekwa njengeyingozi kakhulu. Ngendlela, akugcini ezitshalweni: ezinye izinhlobo zithinta izilwane, kuze kufike kubantu.
Ngakho-ke, kungalindeleka ukuthi i-beetle ye-Chelymorpha alternans, lapho i-fusarium ikhula khona, kukhona ukulimala okukodwa kuphela okuvela kuyo. Kodwa konke kwashintsha kancane. Esihlokweni se-Current Biology, abasebenzi be-Max Planck Society Institute of Biology babhala ukuthi ukhunta luhamba nebhungane ukuphila kwalo konke, kodwa luba luningi kakhulu lapho isibungu sebhungane siphenduka isiphungumangathi - ukhunta lukhula ngokunamandla ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyinkulungwane. phezu kwayo, imboze isiphungumangathi ngengubo emhlophe enengcina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akwenzeki lutho ku-pupa, ngemva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha kuvela ibhungane elidala kulo.
Mayelana nesayensi
Abacwaningi baphakamise ukuthi i-fungal plaque ivikela i-pupa enganyakazi ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye - isibonelo, ezintuthwaneni. Ukuze senze ucwaningo, sathatha iziphungumangathi ezingaba yikhulu sazibeka emakhejini akhethekile endaweni engaphansi ehlathini lasePanama. Ezinye iziphungumangathi zahlanzwa uqweqwe lwesikhunta, futhi izitokisi zavalwa ukuze kungangeni muntu kuzo. Zonke lezi ziphungumangathi zaphenduka amabhungane ngesikhathi esisodwa, okungukuthi, ukuhlanzwa kwesikhunta ngokwako akuzange kuzilimaze.
Enye ingxenye yeziphungumangathi, ngemva kokuhlanzwa kwe-plaque, yafakwa ezindlini lapho izintuthwane zazikwazi ukungena khona - kuphela u-43% wazo owasinda ngosuku lwesine. Futhi ekugcineni, ingxenye yesithathu yeziphungumangathi ayizange ihlanzwe kunoma yini futhi yafakwa emakhejini avulekele izintuthwane - ama-88% alawo asinda. Okusho ukuthi, ukhunta phinda kabili izinga lokusinda kwe-Chelymorpha alternans pupae. Ukuthi i-fusarium ixosha kanjani izintuthwane akukacaci kahle, nakuba kwaziwa ukuthi kunezakhi zofuzo ku-genome yesikhunta ezisiza ukuthola izinto ezinezibulala-zinambuzane.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibhungane likhokhela ukhunta ngokusiza ekutheleleni izitshalo. Amabhungane e-Chelymorpha alternans adla ubhatata, futhi uma ibhungane elinofungus liza kubhatata, lesi sitshalo sisengozini yokungenwa isifo sokukhunta. Lapho izitshalo eziyishumi zisele zodwa namabhungane amabili ayesanda kuphuma “esikhunjeni” seziphungumangathi, ekupheleni kwenyanga cishe amaphesenti angama-80 amahlamvu kabhatata athintekile ukhunta.
Nokho, umbuzo uphakama, kungani ibhungane lonakalisa ukudla kwalo ngokusakaza ukhunta kukho. Eqinisweni, lapha udinga ukuqhathanisa ngokunembile zonke izinzuzo nezingozi. Ngebhungane, ingozi yokudliwa emazingeni aphansi ingaba yingozi kakhulu kunengozi yokushiywa ngaphandle kwamaqabunga kabhatata ngenxa yesikhunta esivikelayo; phela leli bhungane lingahamba kalula liye ebhatata elisha elingakathintwa ukhunta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube lula ukuthi ibhungane lidle isitshalo esisikhuntayo: ngemva kwakho konke, lizwa umonakalo lapho lidliwa, futhi livula izindlela zokuzivikela, kodwa uma isitshalo sibuthakathaka yi-mold fusarium, ngeke sisaba. ekwazi ukuzivikela ngamandla ebhungane.
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