#Kenya #agriculture #soilpests #smallholderfarmers #sustainablesolutions #climatechange #pestmanagement #vegetablecrops #agriculturalresilience #environmentalconservation
Izitshalo Zemifino ZaseKenya Zingaphansi Kokuvinjezelwa
EKenya, amasimu avundile ayethembisa isivuno esikhulu manje aseyinkundla yempi njengoba abalimi abancane bebhekene nokuhlaselwa okungapheli okuvela ezilokazaneni zomhlabathi. Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ososayensi baseNyuvesi yaseNairobi kanye ne-International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) lwembule iqiniso elibuhlungu lale nkinga ekhulayo, eveza umthelela olimazayo wezinhlobo ezimbili zempukane ezikhohlisayo ezitshalweni zemifino esifundeni sonke.
Ucwaningo, olushicilelwe ku Imibiko Yesayensi, lugqamisa ukuvela kwe-Delia platura njengosongo olukhulu ezitshalweni zeklabishi kanye ne-Athergona orientalis njengesitha esingapheli emasimini ka-anyanisi. Lezi zinambuzane ezihlaselayo, ezichumayo ngemva kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, ziye zabangela umonakalo osakazeke yonke indawo, zishiya isivuno esicekeleke phansi kanye nezimpilo ezicekeleke phansi.
Abacwaningi bahlola izindawo zezolimo ezifundeni ezinhlanu ezibalulekile—iNyandarua, iNakuru, Kiambu, Kajiado, neNyeri—futhi bathola indawo eyonakaliswe ukucekelwa phansi kwezinambuzane ezihlala enhlabathini. Eceleni kwezimbangela eziyinhloko, ama-white grubs, ama-wireworms, namabhungane e-sap, ukuhlasela kwezibungu zika-anyanisi nezinye izinambuzane ezihlala zikhona kuye kwahlanganisa usizi lwezolimo, okwenza kube lula ukusabalala kwezifo zezitshalo ezithena amandla njenge-Fusarium basal rot.
Iqiniso elibuhlungu libhebhezelwa ukungasebenzi kwezinyathelo zokulawula zendabuko, njengoba imizamo yabalimi engaphezu kuka-95% yokulwa nalezi zinambuzane ngezibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa ibonakale iyize. U-Dennis Beekama, umbhali ohlanganyele wocwaningo kanye nozakwabo wocwaningo lwangemva kodokotela e-ICIPE, ugcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo soguquko lwamasu okulawula izinambuzane.
“Izibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa, ngaphandle kokuthi zingasebenzi ekulweni nalezi zinambuzane, ziyingozi enkulu empilweni yabantu nasendaweni ezungezile,” kuxwayisa u-Beekama. "Kubalulekile ukuthi sibeke eqhulwini ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwamukelwa kwezinye izindlela ezisimeme ukuze kuvikelwe kokubili ukukhiqiza kwezolimo kanye nokulingana kwemvelo."
Lapho sibhekene nalesi simo esibucayi esikhulayo, isimemezelo sokuthatha isinyathelo siphindaphinda ngokuzwakalayo nangokucacile. Sesifikile isikhathi sokuba ababambiqhaza kulo lonke uhlobo lwezolimo babumbane baphishekele izixazululo ezintsha, ezongayo, nezisimeme imvelo. Kuphela ngomzamo ohlangene nokuzibophezela okungantengantengi lapho singanqanda igagasi lomonakalo futhi sivikele ikusasa eliqinile lomkhakha wezolimo waseKenya.
Ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane zomhlabathi kubangela usongo olukhulu ezitshalweni zemifino zaseKenya, kugcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo samasu okulawula okusimeme. Njengoba abalimi abancane bebhekana nemiphumela elimazayo yezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlaselayo kanye nokwanda kwezinambuzane ezibangelwa isimo sezulu, imizamo ebumbene ibalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izixazululo eziphumelelayo, ezivikela imvelo ezivikela ukuphila kwezolimo kanye nokulondoloza ubuqotho bemvelo besifunda.