UMnyango Wezolimo weSifunda saseChelyabinsk uxoxisane ngamathuba okugwema ukuncika kwamanye amazwe ekukhiqizeni imbewu yemifino ngokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwembewu yezimboni zesifunda.
Ummeleli wenkampani yaseNingizimu Ural yokuzalanisa nokutshala imbewu i-Heterosis Selection ukhulume ngamandla akhe kule ndawo. Ibhizinisi lingahlinzeka ngembewu yalo emapulazini emifino ukuze akhiqize kabusha ngenani lezimboni.
Esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, kanye nakuyo yonke iRussia, kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, isimo siye sakhula kancane kancane lapho amabhizinisi atshala imifino esetshenziswa kakhulu imbewu yemifino evela kwamanye amazwe - iklabishi, izaqathe, nama-beet. Ngakho-ke, indaba yokushintshwa kwamanye amazwe isivuthiwe embonini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba ochwepheshe bephawula, embonini ehlobene - ukutshala amazambane - isisekelo esihle senzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yethu yamazambane. Amabhizinisi ezolimo "Krasnoarmeiskoye", LLC "Agroresurs", South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato Growing asebenza ngempumelelo kule ndlela.
Ekukhuleni kwemifino, amapulazi ayadingeka azosebenza ngokukhethekile ekusakazeni izinhlobo zasekhaya zezitshalo zemifino. Umbuzo uyathakazelisa ngoba kunezinkampani esifundeni ezenza umsebenzi wokukhetha kulokhu - i-NGO "Gardens of Russia" (isifunda saseKrasnoarmeysky) kanye ne-LLC "Heterosis Selection" (Miass). Zombili lezi zinkampani zigxile ekulimeni okungatheni, kodwa namuhla i-Heterosis Selection inezindawo zokuhlinzeka ngembewu yokutshalwa kwezimboni nokusabalalisa.
U-Sergey Sirota, isekela lomqondisi wenkampani, utshele ngemisebenzi ye-Heterosis Breeding ezinhloko zamapulazi emifino angaqala imifino yokutshala imbewu. Ibhizinisi ladalwa ngesisekelo sepulazi i-Miass-Sortsemoshch, elalisebenza e-Miass kusukela ngo-1935. Emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule, umgomo wawuwukuvuselela ukuzalanisa kwasekhaya nokukhiqizwa kwembewu, ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe nezikhiqizayo zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zemifino. : beet, izaqathe, iklabishi, ukhukhamba, utamatisi kanye nabanye. Futhi baphumelela: Abalimi be-Miass baye badala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-370 zezitshalo zemifino ne-melon, okuyizinhlobo ezingu-204 zazo kakade zengezwe kurejista yombuso. U-Sergey Sirota wethule izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezaqathi nama-beet ezifuywa ososayensi benkampani, okuthi, ngokwezici zabo zezentengiselwano, zingasetshenziswa nasekukhiqizeni izimboni: izaqathe “Red Star”, “Sankina Love”, beet “Black Magic”, “ Umama Matrena", "Ural Refined".
“Ziningi izinto ezigciniwe ekukhiqizeni imbewu,” esho. - Ezimweni zase-Urals naseSiberia, ungathola imiphumela emihle ekukhiqizeni imbewu. Izimfanelo zethu ezihlukahlukene ziphezulu. "
Kulo nyaka, imbewu "ye-Heterosis Selection" izohlwanyelwa ezindaweni zokuhlola "e-Akbashevsky State Farm" esifundeni sase-Argayashsky. Ehlobo, kuhlelwe ukuba kube noSuku Lwensimu Yemifino yesifunda lapha. Abaphathi bezinkampani ezikhulayo zemifino bazokwazi ukuhlola izitshalo kanye namathuba okukhula kwemifino kusuka ku-"Heterosis Selection" emasimini abo.
U-Anna Gubina, inhloko yomnyango wokukhiqiza izitshalo woMnyango Wezolimo wakulesi sifunda, ukhulume ngokusekela kombuso kwamapulazi anquma ukuzibandakanya ekukhiqizeni imbewu.
“Kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi asithakasele lesi sihloko futhi aqale ukutshala imbewu kulo nyaka. I-Argayashsky, izifunda zaseSosnovsky ziyindawo enhle kakhulu yokukhiqiza imbewu yezitshalo zemifino. Ukwesekwa kombuso kungahlinzekwa ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-capex - ekwakhiweni kwezikhungo zokuzalanisa nembewu, ngaphansi kohlelo lokubolekwa kwemali okunemvume yokuthengwa kwezinto zokusebenza. Izibonelelo zinganikezwa ukuthuthukisa nokusabalalisa izinhlobo njengengxenye ye-R&D. Njengoba ukuchelela kwandisa umthamo kanye nekhwalithi yezitshalo zemifino, umbuso unxephezela u-50% wezindleko zokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokubuyisela kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwemifino kulo nyaka kungenye yezinto esizibeke eqhulwini, ngakho uxhaso lokutshala imifino namazambane lunyusiwe,” kusho u-Anna Gubina.
Njengoba isazi sezolimo esiyinhloko se-Regional Association of Enterprises ekutshaleni imifino namazambane, uLidia Smirnova, uthe, phambilini ukutshala amazambane nemifino esifundeni kwakuhlinzekwa ngokugcwele ngembewu yendawo. Ukuvuselelwa kokukhiqizwa kwembewu yesifunda kuwumsebenzi wesikhathi eside, kodwa kakade kulo nyaka kungase kuvele amapulazi esifundeni azobe enza izitshalo zembewu yezitshalo zemifino.