I-Darjeeling: Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukwehla komnotho ezimakethe zomhlaba, ukuncintisana kwezinhlobo zetiye ezivela eNepal, nokungafani phakathi kwezindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nenani lazo kubeke imboni yetiye eDarjeeling engcupheni. I-IndiaSpend umbiko ovela ezingadini zetiye uthole.
Kwaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokuthi 'champagne' yetiye laseNdiya, itiye laseDarjeeling lizimele ngokumelene netiye elivela ezintabeni zaseNilgiri eNingizimu yeNdiya nase-Assam. Ukunambitheka kwayo okuyingqayizivele, okukholakala ukuthi kudalwe ukulingana okulungile kokukhanya kwelanga, imvula, inkungu kanye ne-acidity yenhlabathi e-Himalaya, futhi kuhlwithwa ngesandla, kuzuze itiye laseDarjeeling “ukusekelwa nokuqashelwa kwabathengi abanokuqonda emhlabeni wonke iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu”, kusho Ibhodi Letiye laseNdiya ngakho iwebhusayithi. "I-Darjeeling Tea elifanele igama layo alikwazi ukukhuliswa noma ukukhiqizwa kwenye indawo emhlabeni."
Itiye laseDarjeeling elinombala walo okhanyayo wensimbi laliyi- umkhiqizo wokuqala wezwe izoklonyeliswa nge-Geographical Indication (GI) ngophawu lokuhweba ngo-2004.
Naphezu kwalezi zindondo, ukukhiqizwa kwetiye, kanye nesidingo salo ezimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe, bekwehla, kusho ochwepheshe.
Lena indaba yokuqala ochungechungeni lwemboni yetiye yase-Darjeeling. Ingxenye yokuqala izochaza kabanzi ngokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokucatshangelwa kwezomnotho kuyithinta kanjani imboni, kanti eyesibili izogxila esimweni namalungelo abasebenzi emasimini etiye.
Ukuthi itiye laseDarjeeling laba kanjani igama lasekhaya
Amahlamvu esitshalweni esibizwa Camillia sinensis khiqiza lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi itiye Darjeeling. Lesi sitshalo saqale salethwa eDarjeeling ngu-Arthur Campbell we-East India Company 1841. Ngo-1874 kwase kunezingadi zetiye eziyi-113 ngaphesheya kwamagquma aseDarjeeling, isifunda saseDooars kanye neTerai-izintaba ze-Himalayas-ezisakazeke ezifundeni zanamuhla zase-Darjeeling, eKalimpong, e-Jalpaiguri nase-Alipurduar eNtshonalanga Bengal. Isibalo senyuke safinyelela ku-156 ngo-1914 ngokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-8.16 kilograms, kubhala umbhali uBasant B Lama encwadini yakhe ka-2008. ibhuku, 'Indaba kaDarjeeling', ecaphuna izibalo zikahulumeni waseBengal kusukela ngo-1915. Namuhla, mayelana Amakhilogremu ayizigidi ezingama-10 wetiye litshalwa minyaka yonke, ulinganisela Tea Board of India.
Isimo esikhulayo sokuhweba ngetiye sethule ushintsho lwezibalo zabantu e-Darjeeling njengezisebenzi eziningi zesilinganiso I-40,000 ku-1914, ezingadini zetiye emagqumeni nasesifundeni saseDooars Terai kwakungabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abavela eNepal engumakhelwane nasethafeni laseChhota Nagpur.
Imboni ezungeze iDarjeeling yaba eyodwa eyinhloko imithombo yokuziphilisa esifundeni.
“Ngaphandle kokuqasha inqwaba yabasebenzi basemasimini, imboni yetiye iphinde ihlinzeke ngokuqashwa okungaqondile inqwaba yabanye abantu ezindaweni zezokuthutha, ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla, emahhotela, ezikoleni, ezibhedlela, ezinkampanini ezihwebayo nasezindaweni ezikhiqiza izinto zokulima,” wabhala UPratima Chamling Rai, uprofesa eRaiganj University eWest Bengal, ku Ijenali Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yesayensi Esetshenziswayo Nobunjiniyela ngo-Juni 2019.
Inkinga yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kufinyelele izinga nokukhiqizwa kwetiye laseDarjeeling. Ngokusho kwe-2013 cwaningo ngabacwaningi e- I-Darjeeling Tea Research and Development Centre, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwehlise ukukhiqizwa “ngo-41.97% no-30.90% uma kuqhathaniswa no-1993 no-2002 ngokulandelana”.
Ucwaningo luthi ukukhiqizwa kwetiye, "isitshalo esidliwa yimvula esitshalwe ezindaweni ezahlukene ze-agro-ecological", kuthonywa kakhulu izici zemvelo, njengenani lemvula eliphelele lonyaka kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwayo, izinga lokushisa kanye nemisebe yelanga.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi izinga lokushisa kule ndawo lenyuke ngo-0.51 degrees Celsius kusukela ngo-1993 kuya ku-2012, imvula yonyaka yehle ngo-152.50 cm kanye nomswakama ohlobene ngo-16.07%, okuholela "ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwayo yonke".
Ngisho noma isilinganiso semvula esiphelele sanele ukunikeza okudingekayo amathani ayi-10 amanzi nsuku zonke izitshalo zetiye zaseDarjeeling ezivuthiwe emi endaweni eyihektha elilodwa, ukusatshalaliswa kwemvula kuyinkinga enkulu.
“Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ehlile njengoba isizini isiqala isomiso,” kusho uSandeep Mukherjee, Umeluleki Omkhulu we-Darjeeling-Indian Tea Association (DITA). I-Indian Tea Association (ITA) iyinhlangano endala kakhulu yabakhiqizi betiye eNdiya.
U-Anshuman Kanoria, usihlalo we-Indian Tea Exporters Association (ITEA), naye wenze okufanayo. “Minyaka yonke kuba nesomiso ebusika [sekuhambeni kwesikhathi] esithinta amanzi okuqala [okuvunwa phakathi kukaFebhuwari no-April, itiye elishaywayo lokuqala lincane futhi liluhlaza]. Minyaka yonke imvula engavamile iqala ngo-April bese kuba nemvula enamandla ngoMeyi nangoJuni okuyinkathi yekhwalithi ephezulu yokushaywa kwesibili [okuvunwa phakathi kukaMeyi noJuni, amaqabunga etiye ashaywayo esibili agcwele umzimba futhi amnyama kunewashi lokuqala. ]. Yisikhathi semali engenayo ephezulu futhi isimo sezulu esibi sithinta ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu yetiye laseDarjeeling. "
Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa eDooars nasesifundeni saseTerai nasemagqumeni kuthinta isivuno ezingadini zetiye. Isithombe, i-Happy Valley Tea Estate.
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuzivumelanisa nezimo emasimini etiye ukuze unciphise imithelela emibi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngaphandle kokulibala, njengoba kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuletha izinguquko ohlelweni lwezitshalo zezihlahla njengokutshalwa kwetiye, kusho abacwaningi.
"Izikhungo Zokucwaninga Ngetiye zisebenza kulokhu ukuze zixazulule inkinga ukuze kuthuthukiswe 'izindawo ezikwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu'," kusho iPhini likaSihlalo weBhodi Letiye laseNdiya, uSaurav Pahari, ephendula i-imeyili efuna imininingwane mayelana nezinyathelo zikahulumeni. uthathe ukulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ukwehla kwesidingo
Isidingo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwetiye laseDarjeeling sekunesikhathi kwehla ezimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe, futhi ochwepheshe bathi isimo saba sibi kakhulu lapho iRussia ihlasela i-Ukraine ekuqaleni kuka-2022.
Ngokuvumelana ne izibalo ikhishwe yi- Ibhodi Letiye laseNdiya, ukukhiqizwa kwetiye laseDarjeeling kwakungamakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyisi-7 kuphela ngo-2021.
Ngenxa yempi eqhubekayo yaseRussia-Ukraine, kanye nezijeziso eRussia, abathengi abakhulu baseYurophu bayeke ukuthenga itiye laseDarjeeling noma bakhokha kancane ngalo, kuchaza uKanoria we-ITEA.
"Isimo sokuthekelisa sibe sibi kakhulu ngenxa yokuwohloka komnotho eYurophu," kusho uMukherjee we-DITA, wengeza ngokuthi amakhilogremu ayizigidi ezi-2.84 kuphela wetiye laseDarjeeling athunyelwa ngaphandle ngo-2022 (kuze kube nguNovemba) uma kuqhathaniswa nezigidi ezingama-3.5 ngo-2021.
Ngaphandle kweYurophu, iJapan nayo iyimakethe enkulu yetiye laseDarjeeling. Kodwa-ke, njengoba inani le-Yen likhuphuka liqhathaniswa ne-US Dollar, abathengisi betiye base-Darjeeling bayehluleka ukuthola amanani amahle omkhiqizo wabo kumaJapane, kuchaza u-Kanoria.
U-Kanoria, usihlalo we-ITEA, uthe naphezu kokunyuka kwezindleko zokukhiqiza ngo-30% unyaka nonyaka, intengo emaphakathi yetiye laseDarjeeling ekuthengisweni kwendali okune kokugcina ngo-2021 yehlulekile ukunxephezela abalimi betiye ngokwanele.
Ukufuduka ngenxa yokunyakaza kweGorkhalaland
Isimo ezivandeni zetiye zaseNyakatho Bengal saba sibi kakhulu phakathi nokuvalwa kwezinsuku eziyi-104 ngenxa yokuvalwa kwezwe 2017 Gorkhalaland movement. Imibhikisho enodlame iqubuke kuwo wonke amagquma aseDarjeeling ngemuva kokuthi uhulumeni waseWest Bengal ememezele isiBengali njengesifundo esiyimpoqo kuzo zonke izikole esifundazweni. Ukuyibiza ngo ukubekwa kweBengali isiko kubantu abakhuluma isi-Nepali basemagqumeni, i-Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) iphinde yabusa isidingo sesikhathi eside sesifunda esihlukile sase-Gorkhaland.
(Uma kungenzeka isithombe sefayela somnyakazo ka-2017 singabekwa lapha noma isithombe esingenhla singasetshenziswa njengommeleli. Amazwibela: Ukunyakaza kwe-Gorkhaland ka-2017 kulawule udlame olwabonwa yi-Darjeeling hills ngeminyaka yawo-80s.
“Njengoba abantu bebengaholile ngesikhathi kuvalwe izindawo zetiye, abasebenzi abaningi basuka ezintabeni befuna amathuba omsebenzi. Iningi labo alikabuyeli ezindaweni zetiye, ”kusho uSumendra Tamang, isishoshovu senhlalakahle esisebenzela amalungelo abasebenzi betiye eNyakatho Bengal, esola izinxushunxushu zezepolitiki ngokufuduka kwabantu abaningi besuka emagqumeni. “Abantu abaphumanga nje baye kwezinye izingxenye zeWest Bengal noma e-India, kodwa futhi baye emazweni asempumalanga emaphakathi njengeQatar ne-Oman. Ngenxa yalokhu, kushoda okukhulu kwabasebenzi kuhlasele amasimu etiye.”
"Sekuyimpoqo ukuthi abasebenzi betiye bathumele okungenani umuntu oyedwa emndenini, uma kungeyena wonke umuntu, ngaphandle ukuze bathole ithemba elingcono," kusho uDawa Sherpa, isazi se-PhD eSikhungweni Sezifundo Zezomnotho eDelhi's Jawaharlal Nehru University. "Imali ethunyelwa ekhaya igcina imindeni ngaphakathi kwezingadi zetiye ingaqhekeki." [Ingxenye yesibili yalolu chungechunge izochaza kabanzi ngezimo zabasebenzi betiye emasimini.]
Nokho, ukufuduka kuye kwaqinisa enye inkinga: abashushumbisi babantu abakhohlisa abesifazane ukuba babe izigqila zobulili noma babaphoqelele ukuba basebenze njengezisebenzi emadolobheni amakhulu.
"Ngokujwayelekile, abesifazane abafudukayo abavela ezintabeni bagcina bengabahwebi uma bewela ezandleni ezingalungile zabashushumbisi, kuyilapho abantu baseDooars naseTerai beyengwa ukuthi basebenze imisebenzi enzima eholela kancane ezindaweni zokwakha noma njengezincekukazi," kusho. U-Nirnay John Chetri we-Marg NGO, elwa nokushushumbiswa kwabantu eNyakatho Bengal futhi esiza abasindile abahlengiwe. "Iningi labo ligcina livaleleke kungenakukhanya ekugcineni komhubhe."
Isibonelo, lokhu umbiko Iphrinta yabonisa ukuthi amantombazane asemancane ashushumbiswa kanjani ngaphandle kwezingadi zetiye eNyakatho Bengal futhi aphoqwa ukuba ashade ngokungemthetho futhi ashushumbiswe ayiswa emazweni angomakhelwane e-Bangladesh, Nepal naseMyanmar. UKhomishani Wamaphoyisa aseSiliguri aqophe amacala okushushumbisa angama-22 phakathi kuka-2019 no-2021, kanti isifunda saseDarjeeling sabika elilodwa ngo-2019 kanye ne-Alipurduar amathathu lilinye ngo-2019, 2020 no-2021, ngokusho kombiko.
Umgwaqo oya eHappy Valley Tea Estate. Behehwa imisebenzi ekhokha kangcono kanye nethemba lempilo engcono ngaphandle kwase-Darjeeling, izisebenzi zasemasimini etiye zivame ukuvaleleka kuwebhu yokushushumbiswa kwabantu noma ukuxhashazwa.
Kodwa izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo zithi izinombolo azibikwanga kangako. “Amaphoyisa aqale angabaza ukufaka isikhalo uma umndeni uyobikela ilungu lomndeni walo olahlekile,” kusho uChetri. Ngisho noma bebhalisa isikhalazo esilahlekile bese bethola lowo muntu, umndeni kanye nesisulu sokushushumbiswa ngokocansi abafuni ukuthi uphenyo lwamaphoyisa luqhubeke ngenxa yokucwaswa komphakathi kanye nokuphoxeka komphakathi, kwengeza uChetri.
Le ntatheli idluliselwe ku-Inspector Biswajit Majumder yindlunkulu yeKhomishana Yamaphoyisa aseSiliguri ukuthi akhulume ngezigameko zokushushumbiswa kwabantu ezingadini zetiye ezingaphansi kombuso wayo.
UMajumder, umhloli eHhovisi Labantu Abalahlekile kuKhomishana Wamaphoyisa aseSiliguri uthe, “Uma nje sithola isikhalazo esilahlekile, 'umlayezo othintekayo' uyavezwa ngengosi yethu ye-CID uma icala lithinta ingane. Uma isisulu sesingaphezu kweminyaka engu-18 sicela imindeni ilinde izinsuku ezimbili-ntathu ngaphambi kokubhalisa icala,” usho kanje.
U-Inspector Majumder wenqabile ukuphawula ngenqubo yamaphoyisa yokuphenywa kwamacala okushushumbiswa kwabantu, njengoba “akayena igunya elifanele lokukhuluma ngayo”. Uthe amaphoyisa ahlinzeka ngalo lonke uhlobo losizo emindenini uma kubhekwa ukuzwela kwesimo.
Sithumele i-imeyili kuKhomishana wamaphoyisa sicela imininingwane ngamacala okushushumbisa kanye nokuphawula ngezinkinga ezibekwe uChetri. Sizobuyekeza indaba uma sithola impendulo.
Umncintiswano wetiye elishibhile elivela eNepal
Ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba abasebenzi bancipha ngenxa yokufudukela ngaphandle, kanye nokuvalwa kweGorkhaland kwaba nomthelela ekukhiqizeni, itiye laseDarjeeling. umzala waseNepal kuvele njengenye indlela eshibhile ezimakethe.
"[D] ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wetiye eliphansi elisuka eNepal elibizwa ngokungeyikho njengetiye laseDarjeeling, amanani entengo entengo yetiye langempela laseDarjeeling ezimakethe zomhlaba abhekana nokuwohloka," ngokusho kwe-2022. umbiko yikomidi elihlala ePhalamende lezoHwebo, elinesihloko esithi 'Izindaba Ezithinta Imboni Yetiye YaseNdiya ikakhulukazi esiFundeni sase-Darjeeling'.
Isisebenzi sasensimini yetiye sikha amaqabunga etiye ngesandla e-Darjeeling's Tukvar Tea Estate, Novemba 17, 2022. Isimo esibucayi semboni yetiye yase-Darjeeling siphinde sabeka izimpilo zabasebenzi bayo engcupheni.
Izindleko eziphansi zetiye ezivela eNepal kungenxa "yezindleko zabo eziphansi zokukhiqiza kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ephansi", kusho umbiko. "Imboni yetiye iwumgogodla womnotho wesifunda saseDarjeeling eNtshonalanga Bengal futhi ukwanda kokuphindaphindeka kweTiye laseDarjeeling kubeka engcupheni ukukhiqizwa kwetiye kanye nokuziphilisa kwabalimi abancane betiye esifundeni".
Ibhodi Letiye, ngokubambisana Nomnyango Wezohwebo, linqabele abasabalalisi ekusabalaliseni itiye elingenisiwe. Abathengisi bangaphandle nabo bavinjelwe ukuthi bathumele itiye emazweni angaphandle, kusho ihhovisi likaMnu Pahari.
Abathengi ababhalisiwe nabo bayalwe ukuthi bangahlanganisi itiye le-Darjeeling langempela netiye elingenisiwe.
Ukuvalwa kokuqala ngenxa ye-Covid-19, kuyaqala Mashi ka-2020, “kwakuyizikhonkwane zokugcina ebhokisini” kubalimi abaningi betiye, abasalulama emthelela walo, kusho uTamang, isishoshovu sezenhlalakahle. Abanye abanikazi bamasimu etiye bathengisa izindawo zabo, kuhlanganisa amafa ayisithupha kwangu-10 ephethwe yi-The Darjeeling Organic Tea Estates Private Limited (DOTEPL).
Ukuvakasha kwetiye
Emzamweni wokuhlenga imboni yetiye yaseDarjeeling nokwenza ngcono izinga lokuphila kwabasebenzi nemindeni yabo, uHulumeni waseWest Bengal umemezele 'Ezokuvakasha Kwetiye kanye Nenqubomgomo Yebhizinisi Elihlangene, 2019′. Kuvumele ukuhlanganiswa okubanzi phakathi kwemboni yetiye kahulumeni, umqashi omkhulu e-Darjeeling, kanye nezokuvakasha, eyodwa eyinhloko imikhakha yemali engenayo yase-Darjeeling.
Inqubomgomo ivumele izindawo zetiye ukuthi zisebenzise amaphesenti angu-15 ezindawo zazo, noma amahektha ayi-150, ukuvakasha kwetiye neminye imisebenzi yebhizinisi elihlangene “njengezikhungo zempilo, izikhungo zemfundo, izikhungo zamasiko/ezokungcebeleka kanye nemibukiso, i-floriculture, izitshalo zokwelapha, ukudla. amayunithi okucubungula, amayunithi okupakisha njll”.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokumenyezelwa kwemithetho emisha yezokuvakasha yetiye, uchungechunge lwamahhotela okunethezeka i-Taj usethe indawo yokungcebeleka kanye ne-spa, ebizwa nge-Chia Kutir, ngaphakathi kwedumile Makaibari I-Tea Estate emagqumeni aseDarjeeling. Ukufika kwehhotela i-Taj engadini yetiye yase-Darjeeling kwavula amasango ezikhukhula zamaphrojekthi wezokuvakasha asezingeni eliphezulu kwamanye amasimu, njenge-Kanchan View Tea Estate.
IKanchan View Tea Estate, eyaziwa ngeRungeet Tea Garden kuze kube ngu-2002, kubikwa ukuthi okuhleliwe amaphrojekthi wezokuvakasha ebiza ngaphezu kuka-Rs 200 crore ngemuva kwenqubomgomo entsha yezokuvakasha yetiye.
Nokho, isinqumo asehli kahle kubasebenzi basengadini yetiye. Izinsolo zokuthi abaphathi bengadi yetiye bahlulekile ukukhipha imali abayikhokhayo kanye namaholo asele "ngenxa yokushoda kwemali", kusho abasebenzi. I-IndiaSpend babezibuza ukuthi abanikazi [be-Kanchan View] babeyiphatha kanjani imali yamahhotela nezindawo zokungcebeleka.
“Imiholo yethu namabhonasi bekufanele. Abaphathi bathi ayinayo imali. Kodwa babenemali yokwakha amahhotela ezinkanyezi ezinhlanu. Akwamukelekile lokhu,” kusho umsebenzi waseKanchan View Tea Estate, ongathandanga ukudalulwa igama lakhe.
Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokungcebeleka ehlongozwayo ngaphakathi kwe-Kanchan View Tea Estate kumiswe okwesikhashana. Isithombe ngoJuni 24, 2022.
Baphinde bathi abaphathi betiye bahlela ukwakha indawo yokungcebeleka lapho okuhlala khona abasebenzi. i-basty noma imijondolo ngokubhidliza amakhaya abo. Abasebenzi baphinde basole iziphathimandla ze-Kanchan View ngokusiphula izimila zetiye ukuze benze imisebenzi yezokuvakasha, 'cha' oqinile ngokomgomo ka-2019.
Ongoti bathi kusesekuseni ukuhlola ukuthi lo mgomo omusha uzohlomulisa yini amasimu etiye nabasebenzi bawo.
Sithinte uMnyango Wezokuvakasha kanye neNhlangano Yezokuvakasha YaseNtshonalanga Bengal, ngokushayela ucingo nange-imeyili ukuze sifune ukuphawula kwabo mayelana nenqubomgomo entsha nokuthi isiza kanjani ukuvakasha kwetiye eNyakatho Bengal. Le ndaba izobuyekezwa uma bephendula.
Azikho kulezi zinkinga ezingadini zetiye ezivele ngobusuku bonke; ongoti bathi lokhu kuyimiphumela yobudedengu obuneminyaka engamashumi eminyaka bukhona kubanikazi, ukungafundi kwabasebenzi kanye nepolitiki engosomathuba okwenziwa abaholi bendawo nezinyunyana zabasebenzi.
Lezi zinselelo zemboni yetiye yaseDarjeeling zisho ukuthi amaholo abasebenzi kanye nezimo zabo zokuphila azikathuthuki. Lokhu, okuhambisana nezindaba zefa emithethweni yezabasebenzi kanye nokungasekelwa kukahulumeni, sekuholele ekunganeliseki kwabasebenzi basemasimini etiye endaweni, nokubhebhethekisa umjikelezo omubi embonini. Ingxenye yesibili yochungechunge lwethu igxila ezindabeni zamalungelo abasebenzi emasimini aseDarjeeling.
Umthombo: https://www.eastmojo.com