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Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ingcebo efihliwe ngaphansi kwezinyawo zethu, asekela ukuphila nezimpilo emhlabeni wonke. NgokweNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo (FAO), yenza ingxenye enkulu yamanzi okunisela (43%) kanye namanzi aphuzwayo (36%) emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, okutholwe kamuva nje kunikeza isithombe esibi ngokuwohloka kwayo, ikhuthaza ukuthi kuthathwe isinyathelo esiphuthumayo.
Iholwa nguSolwazi Scott Jasechko waseNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eSanta Barbara, ucwaningo oluyisisekelo lwahlaziya idatha yeminyaka engamashumi amane evela ezindaweni zokukala amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angaphezu kuka-170,000 kanye nezinhlelo zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba eziyi-1,700 emhlabeni wonke. Ishicilelwe kuMvelo, lolu cwaningo lugcizelela iqiniso elikhathazayo: kusukela ngo-1980, amazinga amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ehle ngo-71% wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ngesilinganiso esisheshayo ekhulwini lama-21.
Izambulo eziyisihluthulelo azigqamisi nje kuphela izinga lokuncipha kodwa nesimo sakhona esihlelekile. Izimo zokwehla okusheshisiwe zidlula amaphethini omlando, okubonisa izinkinga eziyisisekelo zesakhiwo. Kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2019, umthamo wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba alahlekile alingana nomthamo weLake Superior ngokuphindwe kathathu, okugcizelela ubukhulu bale nkinga.
Izifunda zezolimo zithwele kanzima kule nkinga, njengoba izindawo ezifana nenyakatho ye-India, inyakatho ye-China, intshonalanga ye-United States, iNyakatho ne-Afrika, kanye ne-Middle East ezibhekana nokuwohloka ngokushesha ngenxa yesidingo sokunisela ngokweqile. Imiphumela idlulela ngalé kokushoda kwamanzi, okuhlanganisa izingxabano, ukufuduka, nokuphazamiseka kwemvelo.
Ikhwelo lokuphathwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngendlela eqhubekayo likhula kakhulu. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo, ukulawulwa kokumba, ukwamukelwa kwezinqubo zezolimo eziphumelelayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, nemikhankaso yokuqwashisa umphakathi kuvela njengezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunciphisa le nkinga. Ngaphandle kobunzima besimo, izindaba zempumelelo ezifundeni ezifana neningizimu ye-Australia, inyakatho ye-Europe, neningizimu yeBrazil zinikeza ithemba futhi zigcizelela amandla oshintsho oluhle.
Nakuba izinselele ezibangelwa ukucekelwa phansi kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba zixakile, imizamo ebumbene eqondiswa isayensi, ukubambisana, nokusebenzelana nomphakathi kungahlahla indlela yekusasa elisimeme. Kubalulekile ukuthi sithathe isinyathelo manje ukuze sivikele lesi sisetshenziswa esiyigugu ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.