Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwabantu baseMelika komkhiqizo omusha kuletha ubungozi obuningi ngokwenani lokuqubuka kwezifo ezitholakala ngokudla kanye namacala ahlobene nawo. Njengoba ikhule endaweni yemvelo echayeke ezintweni eziningi, kusukela kukhwalithi yamanzi aguquguqukayo kuya ezilwaneni ezifuywayo nezasendle futhi ngokuvamile ezidliwa ngaphandle kokupheka noma okunye ukwelashwa ukuze kuncishiswe noma kuqedwe amagciwane, izithelo nemifino esekulungele ukudliwa kungaba nengozi enkulu. lokungcoliswa.
Eqinisweni, amanani akhulayo ezimangalo zemikhiqizo esanda kusikwa, okuhlanganisa nokuqubuka kwe-E. coli O157:H7 ekwindla edlule okuthinta isipinashi ezweni lonke, kugqugquzele i-FDA ukuthi ikhiphe imihlahlandlela ehlanganisa izithelo nemifino egayiwe kancane egayiwe, njengolethisi osikiwe, utamatisi osikiwe. futhi usike isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ikhabe, uphayinaphu kanye ne-grapefruit. Ikhophi egcwele yemihlahlandlela iyatholakala ku-www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/prodgui3.html.
Nakuba imihlahlandlela isalungiswa, “engabophezeli,” ivulekele umphakathi ukuba uphawule ngayo futhi ingaphansi kokugunyazwa yiHhovisi Lokuphatha Nesabelomali, cishe izoba indlela yokusungula isibopho sezifo ezitholakala ekudleni engxenyeni yebhizinisi ngalinye ochungechungeni lokusatshalaliswa. kusukela epulazini kuya etafuleni. Okulandelayo ukubuka konke kwemihlahlandlela kanye nezinyathelo ochwepheshe bemboni yezokudla abangazithatha ukuze banciphise amathuba okungcola.
Imithombo yokungcola
Amaprosesa kumele agxile ezimeni lapho imikhiqizo itshalwa, ivunwa, ipakishwa futhi ithuthwe njengoba isinyathelo ngasinye sinikeza ithuba lokungcoliswa. Ukungcola okunjalo kungenzeka ngokuthintana nomquba ongageziwe osetshenziswa enhlabathini, emanzini angcolile, izisebenzi ezinegciwane, izitsha ezingcolile namathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukuvuna nokupakisha kanye/noma amaphansi angcolile kanye nezindonga zemoto esetshenziswa ukuthutha.
Ukungcoliswa kwabasebenzi
Abasebenzi bawumthombo omkhulu wokungcola. Imihlahlandlela igxile empilweni yabasebenzi, inhlanzeko nokuqeqeshwa futhi iphakamisa ukuqeqesha abasebenzi phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokuqashwa kwabo (ngonyaka, okungenani) ekukhiqizeni, ekunakekeleni, ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi nokulawula, impilo yabasebenzi kanye nenhlanzeko kanye nezimiso nezindlela zokukhucululwa kwendle. Abaphathi kufanele baqeqeshwe ukuze babone izimpawu zesifo esithathelwanayo futhi bangafaki abasebenzi abanalezo zimo ekusebenzeni okungase kungcolise umkhiqizo omusha noma izindawo ezithinta ukudla. Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinsiza zokuqeqesha nezibonelo luyatholakala ku-www.nal.usda.gov/foodborne/index.html kanye naku-www.foodsafety.gov.
Indawo kanye Nezisetshenziswa
Njengoba indawo yokucubungula (izindonga, phansi, amafasitela, iminyango, njll.) kanye nezinto zokusebenza kuyimithombo engaba khona yokungcola, i-FDA iphakamisa ukuklama noma ukulungisa indawo ukuze:
Nciphisa ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezicutshungulwa yizinambuzane, izinyoni namagundane ngokuvala, lapho zingasetshenziswa, futhi uvale ngokwanele yonke iminyango namafasitela angaphandle;
Sebenzisa ipulasitiki noma insimbi engagqwali ngokuphambene nokhuni ezindaweni zokucubungula ukuze unciphise ubungozi bechweba le-microbial kanye nokungcoliswa kwemikhiqizo yokugcina;
Qinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo engenayo eluhlaza ayiphambanisi noma ihlangane nemikhiqizo esanda kusikwa;
Qinisekisa ukuthi umoya ohlungiwe uyasuka ezindaweni ezihlanzeke kakhulu (izindawo zokupakisha nezindawo zokugcina umkhiqizo osuphelile) uye ezindaweni ezihlanzekile kancane (izindawo zokwamukela) hhayi ukuhlehla.
Ukusanhlanzeka
Njengoba ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic angase atholakale phansi, kuma-drain nasezindaweni ezingaphezulu zokuhlunga, ukugreda, ukucubungula kanye nempahla yokupakisha, izinqubo zokuhlanzeka zibalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe futhi kuqedwe ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane. I-FDA iphakamisa:
Ukusungula izinqubo zokusebenza zokukhucululwa kwendle okuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa okuhleliwe njalo kwemishini, izindawo zokugcinwa nokukhiqiza kanye nezinhlelo zomoya; futhi
Ukuhlanza, ukuhlanza nokugcina amakhemikhali anobuthi ezingeni lokushisa elifanele nangendlela evimbela ukungcoliswa ukudla, izindawo ezithinta ukudla kanye nezinto zokupakisha ukudla.
Ukupakisha Nokugcina
Imihlahlandlela ihlinzeka ngezindlela zokulungiselela, ukucubungula, ukupakisha kanye nokugcina umkhiqizo osagawuliwe. Imikhiqizo esanda kunqunywa kufanele ihlolwe lapho isitholiwe ukuthi ayinalo yini ukungcola ngesikhathi sokulayisha, ukuthutha nokuthulula, futhi umkhiqizo owonakele noma obolile kanye nayo yonke inhlabathi engaphandle, udoti kanye nezinambuzane kufanele kususwe. Imikhiqizo eseqediwe esanda kusikwa kufanele ivikelwe ekungcoleni okubonakalayo, amakhemikhali kanye ne-microbiological, ingabi nemikhiqizo eluhlaza futhi igcinwe futhi ithuthwe ezindaweni ezihlanzekile emazingeni okushisa afanele. Izincomo ezithile zifaka:
Gcina ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke izithako ezingenayo, ezifana nokuthi ungubani umlimi noma umphakeli kanye nosuku lokuvuna futhi uxhumanise lolu lwazi namarekhodi okucubungula (ngamanye amazwi, idokhumenti);
Sebenzisa uhlelo lokusungula oluqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kokuqala, ukuphuma kokuqala nokuthunyelwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe nemikhiqizo eqediwe; futhi
Qinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi "ukusetshenziswa kuze kube" idethi ephaketheni lomkhiqizo kuqinisekiswa izifundo zomkhiqizo mayelana nokuphepha kwe-microbiological, futhi ugcine amarekhodi alezi zifundo.
Ukuqoshwa
Amarekhodi akamuva nafanelekile kufanele agcinwe maqondana nazo zonke izindlela zokuthobela imithetho. Amarekhodi anjalo, lapho ehlelwe kahle futhi ethuthukisiwe, asiza ekuphenyweni kokulandela umkhondo ukuze kutholwe umthombo wokungcola nokuhlinzeka ngemibhalo ewusizo mayelana nokulawulwa kobungozi kanye nokuqulwa kwamacala.
Nakuba i-FDA incoma ukuthi amarekhodi anjalo agcinwe endaweni yokucubungula okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemva kokulungiswa komkhiqizo, kuhle ukugcina lawo marekhodi isikhathi eside futhi ngokuhambisana nanoma yiziphi izinqubomgomo ezimisiwe zokugcina amarekhodi. Cabangela ukuthi imikhawulo yezifundazwe eziningi zokulimala komuntu okungenani iminyaka emibili.
Amaphrosesa asanda kusikwa kufanele futhi asungule futhi agcine uhlelo lwezimo eziphuthumayo olubhaliwe ukuze kuqalwe futhi kukhunjulwe umkhiqizo uma kwenzeka ungcola futhi kufanele bakhe lolu hlelo lube yizinkontileka ezikhuphukayo neziphansi lapho kungenzeka khona. Lolu hlelo luzobandakanya amagama abasebenzi abathintekayo, izindlela zokuhlonza, ukuthola nokulawula okubuyisiwe kanye neminye imikhiqizo engase ithinteke kanye nezinqubo zokuqapha ukusebenza kokubuyiselwa emuva. Amakhodi wephakheji nawedethi azosiza ukuxhumanisa amaphakheji womkhiqizo nezikhathi zokukhiqiza, okokusebenza kanye nemithombo yesithako eluhlaza, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukutholwa kwemikhiqizo ngesikhathi sokukhumbula.
Ukuthobela Okuthengiswayo
Umkhiqizo ocutshungulwe kahle ungangcoliswa endaweni yokudayisa. Ngakho-ke, imihlahlandlela ikhuthaza abalimi bokukhiqiza, abapakishi, abaprosesa nabathumeli bemikhumbi ukuthi basebenzisane nemikhakha yokudayisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza nokulandelela umkhiqizo osanda kusikwa osuka epulazini uye kumthengi. Nakuba imihlahlandlela ingakakhulumi ngabahlinzeki benkonzo yokudla, izindawo zokudlela nezitolo ezinkulu, lezi zinkampani kufanele zidinge abahlinzeki bempahla ukuthi bakhiphe imibhalo yezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuze zihambisane nemihlahlandlela kanye/noma iziqondiso zemboni eqondene nempahla (njengaleyo ephathelene namakhabe, ulethisi notamatisi. , ezifakwe ku-www.cfsan.fda.gov).
I-Civil Litigation
Umuntu akufanele akhohliswe isimo sokungabopheli semihlahlandlela. Abamangali abafuna ukubamba zonke izinhlangano ezisochungechungeni lokukhiqizwa nokusabalalisa umkhiqizo omusha osemusha onecala lezifo ezitholakala ekudleni bazosebenzisa imihlahlandlela njengecilongo (ukuqoqa abamangali abaningi) kanye nenkemba (ukuhlasela izinkampani ngazinye). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abacubunguli, abasabalalisi nabathengisi abavikela izimangalo zesikweletu somkhiqizo bangase basebenzise ukuthobela imihlahlandlela okungenani njengesihlangu esinqunyiwe ngokumelene nesibopho somphakathi.
Icala lakamuva libonisa lokhu, inkantolo eyodwa ithole ukuthi umkhiqizi kufanele athobele izinkombandlela ze-FDA noma abhekane nesibopho sezomthetho (Troutman v. Curtis, 143 P.2d 74, 86 (Kan. App. 2006)) futhi enye ithole ukuthi imizamo yokuthobelana nayo Imithetho ye-FDA ingase ibhekwe njengobufakazi bokufaneleka kommangalelwa (Feldman v. Lederle Labs, 608 A.2d 356 (NJ Super. 1992) isahlulelo esivunyelwe njengoba sishintshiwe kwezinye izizathu, 625 A.2d 1066 (NJ 1993)).
Uma imihlahlandlela ingalandelwa futhi ukuthobela kungabhalwa phansi, izoba inkemba yabamangali futhi ishiye labo abavikela izimangalo zokudla besengozini yemiphumela emibi yezezimali ngaphandle kwesihlangu sokuthobela. Ekugcineni, ukuphatha imihlahlandlela kuzosiza ukwehlisa ubungozi obuphelele kanye nokuvela kwezifo ezitholakala ekudleni kanye nomphumela wesibopho somphakathi, kuyilapho ukwehluleka ukuthobela kuzokwandisa kakhulu izingozi ezinjalo.
U-John F. Mullen kanye noMaryTeresa Soltis bazijwayeza e-Food Liability Group yenkampani yabameli i-Cozen O'Connor (www.cozen.com), emele izimboni zokukhiqiza nezobisi kanye nabakhiqizi bokudla abapakishwe kuzwelonke emacaleni esikweletu somkhiqizo.