Imboni yemikhiqizo esanda kusikwa iyashintshashintsha ngezinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko entsha cishe nsuku zonke. Ukuze ilethe abafundi umbono ophelele wesikhathi esidlule, samanje nekusasa lemboni, i-Fresh Cut ibuze abaholi bemboni abambalwa imibuzo mayelana nesimo sokusha. Okulandelayo izingcaphuno ezivela ezimpendulweni zabo. Vakashela ku-www.freshcut.com ukuze ufunde zonke izimpendulo zabaphendulayo.
Ngabe imboni yemikhiqizo esanda kusikwa ithuthuke kanjani kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo?
U-Alessandro Turatti, Turatti Srl: Sisebenza ezindaweni ezimbalwa zomkhakha wokudla, futhi ngingakuqinisekisa ukuthi i-fresh cut nakanjani iyona ethuthuka ngokushesha. Kule makethe, obekusha ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule kungaba mdala manje. Kuyimboni enenselele futhi ethokozisayo.
Intuthuko eminingi kwezobuchwepheshe yenzeke ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990 (amawasha athuthukisiwe, okomisa okuqhubekayo, imishini yokupakisha esheshayo nethembekile). Lezi ntuthuko ziqhubekisele (imboni) ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi, inhlanzeko kanye nempilo yeshelufu.
UDennis Gertmenian, Ready Pac: (Manje) isisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ekuthengiseni, ekukhangiseni, ekusabalaliseni, ekucubunguleni nasekutholeni impahla eluhlaza. (Kukhona) ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwabathengi ezitolo, futhi ukungena kuma-QSRs (izindawo zokudlela ezitholakala ngokushesha) kanye nezinye iziteshi ezisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwekhaya kusesezigabeni zobuntwana.
Jerry Siyakwamukela, I-IFPA: Ngibe kule mboni iminyaka emibili kuphela, futhi ngiyazi ukuthi isikhule kakhulu kusukela maphakathi nawo-1980 lapho le mikhiqizo iqala ukushayisana namashalofu abathengisi. Kube nokukhula okuphawulekayo emkhakheni wezinsizakalo zokudla kanye nasezindaweni ezithengisayo, futhi njengoba abantu baseMelika abaningi bedla lesi sitayela sizoqhubeka. Ukukhululeka kube yisihluthulelo sokukhula, futhi yonke indaba yokukhuluphala isize ukuphusha ukudla okunempilo. Lezi mhlawumbe kube ezinye zezici ezinkulu zokukhula.
UJim Gorny, i-United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association: Imboni iqale emkhakheni wezinsiza zokudla - ikakhulukazi kuma-QSR. Esinye sezizathu kwakuwukuphepha kokudla, ukuthatha izithelo nemifino esanda kulungiswa egumbini elingemuva elinesiphithiphithi futhi kubekwe endaweni elawulwa kakhulu efektri. Nokulawula izindleko. Emuva kwama-QSR, anendawo epholile elinganiselwe. Ngale ndlela babekwazi ukukuletha ngokungaguquguquki. Ama-QSR abengamandla okushayela asiza imboni ukuthi iqale maphakathi nawo-'80s. Bese kuba yizitolo. Izinkampani zazingakwazi ukuba nemishini yokukhiqiza engathwala izinombolo eziningi ngokushesha, ngempumelelo nangempumelelo. Lokho kwavumela imboni ukuthi ingene ohlangothini lwezokuthengisa. Ngisho nanamuhla, ngingasho ukuthi amaphesenti angu-60 asembonini yezokudla. Lapho abathengi abaningi becabanga ngemikhiqizo emisha, bacabanga ngokushesha ngamasaladi anezikhwama. Ngemva kwezigcawu, ezindaweni eziningi zokudlela, izinto ziyasikwa - amakhowe, ulethisi, amazambane - izinto obungeke ucabange ngazo. Kokubili uhlangothi lokudayisa nelokudla lusakhula. Kube uhambo oluhle ngempela.
Kathy Means, PMA: Okuxakayo ukuthi, sesike sasikwa kabusha isikhathi eside. Abantu bebelokhu benza ezinye izinto ezintsha ezitolo iminyaka. Ukuqhuma okukhulu kwafika namasaladi anezikhwama. Impela izaqathi zezingane zazingenye yeziqhumane ezinkulu. Futhi ukuqhuma okwenzeka manje cishe kuyizithelo. Kube nokuqhuma okuningana. Ifike ngesikhathi (sithola) ubuchwepheshe. Ukuba nobuchwepheshe kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka. I-Convenience ingesinye sezizathu eziphezulu abathengi abathenga ngazo ama-fresh-cut. Asikwazanga ngempela ukukwenza kwaze kwaba yilapho sesinamafilimu ahlakaniphile afanele, ubuchwepheshe bokusika nokuwufaka amasaka nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kunempilo yeshelufu ebalulekile yabathengi.
Matthew Caito, Caito Foods: Ngokusobala, kunezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene zokusikwa okusha: imifino esanda kusikwa (kuhlanganise namasaladi nezaqathi) kanye nezithelo ezisikiwe. Imifino esanda kusikwa ibuswa izinkampani zikazwelonke ezikwazile ukuzuza umnotho wezinga ekukhiqizeni kwazo eduze nezisekelo zazo ezikhulayo.
Izithelo zokusika zaqala esifundeni nakuzwelonke cishe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Abakhiqizi bakuqala bakazwelonke babe nobunzima ngeshelufu emfishane yempilo nezokuthutha. Abadlali abakhulu namuhla banempahla yesifunda ukuze bathole izithelo ezisikiwe ukuze bazithengise ngesikhathi esifushane. Abadlali besizwe sebebuyele esithelweni esisikiwe futhi sebekwazi ukuncintisana nabakhiqizi bezifunda.
Tony Freytag, Crunch Pak: Into esemqoka ukwamukela. Ngenkathi sethula okokuqala ama-apula asikiwe eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, ukuphawula kokuqala kwaba, “kungani sidinga ukusika i-apula?” Namuhla, lokho akuseyona inkinga. Yamukelwa abathengisi nabathengi ngokufanayo.
Ububukeka kanjani unyaka odlule ngemikhiqizo esanda kusikwa? Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuqanjwa nokuthrendayo ozibonile?
I-Turatti: Imakethe esanda kuthengwa ibilokhu idlondlobala futhi ithuthuka emazweni lapho ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ibingekho nakhona (isib. iGreece). Imikhiqizo efana ne-Bistro To Go ye-Ready Pac imele inguquko ethakazelisa kakhulu.
Isi-Gertmenian: (Ngibonile) ukwanda kwezithelo eziqhutshwa impumelelo kaMcDonald ngama-apula namagilebhisi; abathengi “abahwebayo” bezitolo nezinsiza zokudla emikhiqizweni enezinhlobonhlobo eziningi nezinto ezingajwayelekile nezihlukile kunamasaladi ayisisekelo ngokuvamile ayingxube yeqhwa kanye ne-romaine; ukunwetshwa kokusikwa okusha kube izixazululo eziphelele zokudla ngokwethulwa ngonyaka odlule kwebanga le-Ready Pac's Bistro To Go.
Siyakwamukela: Ngicabanga ukuthi umkhakha we-fresh-cut ube nonyaka omuhle uwonke. Kube nengcindezi enkulu yabathengisi kubahlinzeki babo bomkhiqizo osanda kusikwa ukuthi babambe izindleko zehlise ngakho-ke asikubonanga ukwenyuka kwamanani okubalulekile. Kusazobonakala ukuthi ivolumu ikhule kakhulu yini ngonyaka odlule, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi sibona izethulo eziningi zomkhiqizo omusha futhi ngihlala ngiqiniseka ukuthi umkhuba uzoqhubeka. Izithelo ezisikiwe, izingxube eziningi zamasaladi, u-anyanisi osikiwe nopelepele zimbalwa zezinto ezintsha engizibone ngobuningi obukhulu ekuthengiseni.
I-Gorny: Kube nokuqanjwa okuningi. Imikhiqizo yezithelo ezisikiwe iqalile ngonyaka odlule, ikakhulukazi kwaMcDonald's. Kunemikhiqizo eminingi emisha ebingakaze icatshangwe ngaphambilini. I-Microwaveability isaqhubeka. Abantu sebeqala ukusebenzisa amaphakheji amaningi e-microwaveable. Kunezikhwama zososo ezinefasitela lokubuka lapho ungawosa khona imifino ku-grill. Kubukeka njenge-foil ngaphandle kwefasitela elicacile. Kunamakhithi amaningi amaningi angaqoqwa ezindaweni zokudayisa noma zokudla. Izingxenye zikumaphakheji ahlukene, futhi (abathengi) bangakwazi ukuwavula futhi bakulungiselele konke kusha futhi kusayithi. Abalixubi lize lilungele ukuhamba. Futhi konke kulawulwa ingxenye ngakho kungabikho ukuqagela. Imikhiqizo yenyama - inkukhu eyosiwe. Ukushintshwa kokudla kwasekhaya. Sesiqala ukubona izinto ezifana nama-pasta afakiwe. Awunayo imifino emisha kuphela, kodwa i-pasta ingase ifike nalowo mkhiqizo othile. Kuningi okuqanjwa kabusha.
Kusho: Unyaka odlule ube muhle kakhulu ekusikeni okusha. Esinye sezici ezincintisanayo izingxube: ama-saladi amamiksi avela kubakhangisi ababalulekile kanye nabanye abantu. Sibone ezinye izingxube zamasaladi ezidalwa eziphilayo. Sibone okuningi enkundleni yezithelo ezisikiwe. Sibe nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ngezithelo. Amakhabe, uphayinaphu usike, sesiwabonile lawo isikhathi eside ezingeni lesitolo noma esikhungweni sokusabalalisa okudayisa. Enye yezinto ezisizayo ukuthi siyibona ekudleni okusheshayo. Kaningi, abathengi bazothatha abakubona ezindaweni zokudlela bese bethi, "Ngingakuthengela lokho ekhaya." Lokho kusiza ukwandisa ukuqwashisa. Sibone ukwanda ezitolo ezidayisa ukudla. Hhayi okokuthenga umndeni - ukudla kwasemini namuhla noma ukudla okulula emgwaqweni. Kuzwakala kancane okuhlukile kukho.
Ubuchwepheshe bezithelo ezintsha bukhona impela. Bayaqhubeka nokusebenza futhi bathuthukise amafilimu ukuze bathuthukise impilo yeshalofu. Sithemba ukuthi wonke umuntu uyalalelisisa iketango elibandayo. Enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusikeni okusha yiketango elibandayo.
I-Caito: Ukumaketha kuzoqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile kuyo yonke imikhiqizo esanda kusikwa, ikakhulukazi kumakhasimende adayisayo. Ukupakishwa kwe-Biodegradable kuzoba nomfutho. Okunambitheka kwesifunda kanye nokuthandwa kohlanga kuzoxazululwa ngokwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo emisha.
Freytag: Ngokusho kwedatha yakwa-Nielsen, sibone ukukhuphuka ngamaphesenti angama-300 esigabeni sama-apula asikiwe kuphela. Sekukonke, isigaba sezithelo ezisikiwe sibone ukwanda okukhulu.
Ibhekephi imboni entsha?
I-Turatti: Kulula, kube lula futhi kube lula futhi. Kwakuyisiqalo leso futhi yikusasa futhi.
Isi-Gertmenian: Okuhlukahlukene okwengeziwe, okuphilayo okwengeziwe, okukhudlwana okukhethiwe kuzo zonke iziteshi zokuthengisa, ububanzi obengeziwe beminikelo kuma-QSR, ukuthengisa, izikole, izinkundla, njll.
Siyakwamukela: Ngibona ukukhula kuthrendi yemikhiqizo yelebula yangasese eyengeziwe ezitolo. Ngiphinde ngibona umkhuba okhulayo ekudleni okulungiselelwe okusha okuzohlanganisa amaprotheni, isitashi nemifino konke kusitsha esifanayo esilungele ukufakwa kuhhavini we-microwave. Ngibona kwethulwa imiqondo emisha yokupakisha ezokhulisa ukukhetha kwezithelo ezisikiwe nemikhiqizo yemifino. Mhlawumbe okunye okuphakelayo okukodwa nezici ezivalekayo kumaphakheji asanda kusikwa. Ngicabanga ukuthi amaphrosesa asanda kusikwa azoqhubeka nokuba nobuhlakani ekunikezeni ngemikhiqizo yawo futhi asebenze namakhasimende ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo ethile ukuze ifane nezimakethe zesifunda nezendawo. Ngakho-ke ukwenza ngokwezifiso okwengeziwe okusekelwe ezidingweni zekhasimende, imikhiqizo emisha elungele ukudliwa kalula ezitsheni ezitholakala kalula (indawo yokudlela yedeshibhodi) kanye nemikhiqizo yohlobo lwesnakhi esinikezwa okukodwa enempilo yesidlo sasemini sesikole.
I-Gorny: Sesiya ngokuya siba imboni yokudla okufakwe eziqandisini futhi asisekho izithelo nemifino esanda kusikwa. Uma inkampani yakho ikwazi ukuphatha kahle izithelo nemifino egayiwe, ungakwazi kalula ukuphatha amaprotheni, ushizi, nezinye izingxenye ezingahamba nazo. Imboni yethu inenzuzo enkulu. Sebevele benolwazi ngemikhiqizo eyonakala kakhulu. Abathengi abaningi abasebasha babheka amasaladi njengento yokungenela. Ngokuphazima kweso, lokho kukunikeza inkundla - isibhakabhaka siwumkhawulo. Noma kunjalo, ufuna ukugxila kulokho isaladi equkethe. Sesiqala ukuba izinkampani zokudla okufrijiwe ngokungafani nezithelo nemifino nje, nakuba lokho kuzoqhubeka kuze kube sezingeni.
Kusho: Angiboni ukuphela kokukhula, lokho kuyiqiniso. Ukukhula kungase kungabi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi i-fresh-cut isungulwe kahle, kodwa ngisalindele ukubona ukukhula okunamandla kakhulu. Abathengi bayayifuna. Lapho sibabuza ukuthi kungani bethenga umkhiqizo osanda kusikwa, isizathu esiphezulu kwaba impilo nokudla, amaphesenti angu-30 ngenxa yokunethezeka nekhwalithi, futhi ukunambitheka nakho kukleliswe phezulu. Leyo yinto esiyikholelwayo. Ukukhiqiza uthengisa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Akukhona konke mayelana nempilo, nakuba lokho kubaluleke kakhulu. Lula, ukunambitheka kanye nokudla. Ngokusikwa okusha, ngokusobala lezo yizona zizathu eziphezulu abantu bathenga ama-fresh-cut. Ukusikwa okusha, ngicabanga, kuzohlala lapha. Siyaqhubeka nokubona izinto ezintsha ezivela kuzo zonke izinkampani - hhayi nje kumasaladi, izaqathe, i-broccoli, izithelo. Sibona izithako ezengeziwe ezisikiwe, izinto ezifana no-anyanisi odayiwe. Siphinde sabona abantu benikeza izingxube - isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, u-anyanisi nesanqante. Sibona ukwanda okuthile kulezo zindawo, amazambane asikiwe - noma yini ezokhipha ubunzima ekulungiseleleni ekhaya. Lapho sibuza abathengi ukuthi bayisebenziselani, (banganikeza izimpendulo eziningi) abangamaphesenti angama-60 bayisebenzisa njengesithako, abangamaphesenti angama-62 bayidla njengoba injalo. Ngicabanga ukuthi ukunaka leyo makethe yesithako akuwona umqondo omubi. Ingxenye yokuthenga ukuze uthole ukudla okulula, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokuthenga ukudla ugijima, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ukuyilungisa njengesiphuzo. Abathengi sebejwayele ukusika kabusha. Lena ingxenye evamile yokuhlangenwe nakho komkhiqizo wabo, futhi basebenzisa okusikiwe okusha ngezindlela eziningi. Isaladi ibalulekile, kodwa akuyona kuphela into eyenzekayo laphaya. Bathenga zonke izinto ezahlukene. Ngicabanga ukuthi bayayamukela imibono emisha. Ulethisi, isaladi, utamatisi, u-anyanisi, uphayinaphu kanye ne-broccoli.
I-Caito: I-fresh-cut izoqhubeka nokuzihlanganisa futhi izisungule kabusha ngezindlela okunzima ukuziphindaphinda kwezinye izigaba zomkhiqizo ngoba umkhiqizo osanda kusikwa udinga imisebenzi yokucubungula engenziwa kude nezindawo ezikhulayo. Ubambiswano, ukunikwa kwelayisensi kanye nokupakishwa ngokubambisana kuyizitayela ezisazoqhubeka. Ukupakisha okuhambisana nemvelo kuzoba okuthengekayo kakhulu futhi kwande.
Freytag: Izinto eziningi, ukukhetha okwengeziwe, ukuhlukahluka okwengeziwe.
Izobukeka kanjani imboni entsha eminyakeni emihlanu? 10? 25?
I-Turatti: Abadlali abambalwa, abakhulu (ukuhlanganiswa kuzoqhubeka) ngenani elikhulu lezikhungo zokusabalalisa. Inani elikhulu lezinkampani ezihlinzeka ngemisebenzi embonini.
Isi-Gertmenian: Izophinda kabili ngosayizi okungenani. Isithelo sizokhombisa ushintsho oluphawuleka kakhulu njengoba sidlula uphawu lwezigidigidi zamadola ekuthengisweni phakathi neminyaka emihlanu, siqhutshwa yikhwalithi, umkhiqizo kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kokupakisha kanye nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwamaketanga abandayo. Zonke lezi zigaba azithuthukisiwe kakhulu futhi zizoba yingxenye ehamba phambili embonini yokukhiqiza njengoba abathengi beqhubeka befuna ukunambitheka okungcono kakhulu, umsoco, impilo kanye nokunethezeka ngaphandle kokuyekethisa.
Siyakwamukela: Mhlawumbe akuhlukile kangako manje. Ngisola ukuthi uzobona ukuhlanganiswa okuthile, kodwa kusazoba namaphrosesa aqinile wesifunda kanye ne-niche abangakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi endaweni yabo. Njengoba impilo yeshelufu iqhubeka nokukhula ngibona ithuba lokuthola futhi ngithumele imikhiqizo emisha evela ezindaweni eziningi ezikhulayo ezikhulayo. Ngibona ithuba lokwethula izithelo nemifino yangaphandle ezoqhubeka nokubumba le mboni eminyakeni ezayo. Wonke umuntu uzobe efuna imikhiqizo emisha, izinto ezithandwayo ezintsha, noma yini ezojabulisa amakhasimende abo. Ngicabanga ukuthi sizobona intuthuko ezinhlobonhlobo zembewu entsha, amandla okukhiqiza, ukuphepha kokudla, ezokuthutha kanye nokupakishwa okuzokwenza ukukhula okwengeziwe ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kwemikhiqizo egayiwe.
I-Gorny: Eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ezayo, uzobona ukuhlanganiswa okwengeziwe ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa komphakathi othengayo. Kuyohlale kunethuba lezinkampani ezehlukene, ezamabhizinisi amancane ezenza umsebenzi oncomekayo, ezisungula umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa. Ngokuvamile uzothola inkampani encane, ehlukahlukene yosomabhizinisi eqala ngohlobo olusha lwemikhiqizo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe obusha bufika futhi bathola izindlela ezintsha zokwenza. Eminyakeni emihlanu ukuya kweyi-10 ezayo, uzobona ukuhlanganiswa okwengeziwe, kodwa kuyohlale kunendawo yephrosesa encane, yesifunda eza nemikhiqizo emisha, ikakhulukazi njengoba singena endaweni yokudla efrijini.
Kusho: Ngicabanga ukuthi sizoqhubeka nokubona ukuncintisana ezinhlotsheni zokusikwa okusha - imiksi ye-ulethisi, amamiksi amasha. Okuningi endaweni yesithako, uwasebenzise ukulungiselela ekhaya. Ngeke kuhambe. Ngingalindela ukuthi iqhubeke ikhule futhi yande - ikakhulukazi endaweni yezithelo. Ngicabanga ukuthi inekusasa eliqinile. Inekusasa elilindelekile. Lena akuyona imfashini. Abathengi bayayifuna; basitshelile ukuthi bayayifuna futhi kukule mboni ukuthi ikunikeze lokho. Kuphezu kwemboni ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe ngokunaka okufanele kwekhwalithi. Ukuphepha kokudla angeke kube sengozini - angeke kube khona iphutha. Abathengi balindele ukuthi lokho abakuthenga esitolo kuphephe. Kufanele sibe nesiqiniseko sokuthi konke esingakwenza sikwenza ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla. Uthola umaki omnyama ngokumelene nayo, futhi ukuzethemba kwabathengi kulahleka kalula futhi kunzima ukukuphinda kuzuze.
Freytag: Amagama amakhulu azobandakanyeka, futhi i-niche branding izovela.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene nemboni entsha?
I-Turatti: Ngokombono wethu, i-automation enamandla kanye nokunaka udaba lokukhucululwa kwendle. Izinga lizokhula lisondele embonini yenyama nobisi.
Isi-Gertmenian: Ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokuzethemba kwabathengi ngasohlangothini lwezinkinga. Mayelana namathuba, empeleni konke kumayelana nokutholakala nokufinyeleleka - noma nini nanoma kuphi lapho umthengi edla khona. Thina njengemboni sidinga ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yochungechunge olubandayo ukuze senze ukudla okusanda kusikwa nokudla okulula kutholakale lapho ukudla okuzungezile kuphela bekukhona kuze kube manje.
Siyakwamukela: Izinselele ezinkulu esibhekene nazo ziwukugcina ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yethu kwezohwebo, ukusungulwa komkhiqizo omusha, imibono emisha yokupakisha nezitayela. Ukwenyusa izinga lokukhiqiza ezingeni lezitshalo, ukungeza ukuzenzela, ukwehlisa izindleko zabasebenzi, nokuphatha izindleko zokufakwayo. Zonke lezi zici zizokwengeza ekukhuleni nasekuzuzeni inzuzo embonini esikhathini esizayo.
I-Gorny: Izinkinga ezinkulu yizingcindezi zamanani ezehlayo. Akunandaba ukuthi ukhuluma nobani, abantu bahlala behlangabezana nengcindezi yentengo ephansi evela kubathengi babo. Enye inkinga ukukhuphuka kwemfuneko yokulawula. Ukwanda kwesidingo somzila wephepha. Abasekho nje ebhizinisini lokudla, basebhizinisini lokuphatha idatha. I-COOL, ilebula ye-allergen, izidingo zokulawula ezengeziwe. Kudinga ukuthi ugcine amaphepha amaningi. Inkinga yesithathu enkulu yimisebenzi. Ngicabanga ukuthi sibheke eYurophu ngalolo daba. Uma uya e-Europe futhi uvakashele indawo esanda kusikwa, uzobona amarobhothi amaningi kakhulu ngoba angaphambi kwethu kancane. Impendulo ingase ibe amarobhothi. Ukwenza okuningi kwalezi zinto ngokusemandleni ethu, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi ephindaphindayo, eyisicefe, ebuthuntu engafezwa ngemishini. Ngicabanga ukuthi zikhona izimpendulo laphaya phansi.
Kusho: Ukuphepha kokudla kuphezulu lapho. Baqhubeke bakunake lokho. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe. Konke lokhu kuyizinto ezingemuva kwesigcawu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi banekhwalithi efanele, impilo yeshelufu. Abathengi babona ukuqamba okusha njalo ekunikezelweni. Ngikhulume ngezinto zesithako, ngokuqinisekile isithelo. Isithelo siya phambili. Ngicabanga ukuthi (sidinga ukuthola) izindlela zokufaka okuningi kwalokho kusevisi yokudla. Sonke singathanda ukubona imikhiqizo eminingi emisha kumapuleti esevisi yokudla. Ukufuna komthengi ukunethezeka, isevisi yokudla ibheka izindleko ezincishisiwe zabasebenzi. Yini esinganikeza isevisi yokudla ukuze siqhubeke sithuthukisa okunikezwayo kumenyu? Ngingena kanjani kuMcDonald's? EkaWendy? Sibathola kanjani abathengi ukuthi bakhethe lokhu endaweni yokukhipha isevisi esheshayo? UWendy usanda kuhoxisa inkomishi yezithelo. Senza kanjani isiqiniseko sokuthi abathengi bayakuthenga lokho futhi bakhetha lokho ukuze abaqhubi bezinsiza zokudla bagcine lokho kumenyu? Siqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi siyayifanelekela indawo kuleyo menyu? Udinga ukuba nabathengi abathenga lokho. Kumele kube mnandi. Kufanele kube lula kanye nokudla.
I-Caito: Izindleko zokuthutha kanye namandla yizona zinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene nesigaba. Ukuphepha kokudla, ukuvikeleka kokudla kanye nokubandakanyeka kukahulumeni nakho kuyizinkinga ezinkulu. Imfundo yabathengi kanye nezimo zokusebenzisa kuzobusa ukusungulwa komkhiqizo nokuthuthukiswa kwesiteshi.
Freytag: Ikhwalithi engaguquki. Baningi abangena ebhizinisini namuhla futhi ababoni izinselelo eziningi ezizayo zokukhiqiza umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu, omnandi usuku nosuku. Umgomo oyinhloko we-Crunch Pak uwukuba nama-apula asikiwe anambitha futhi adle okufanayo ngoJulayi njengoba enza ngo-Okthoba. Ngeke kube khona umehluko kulokho okuhlangenwe nakho kokudla. Umthengi uzonquma ukuthi ubani ophumelelayo ngokusekelwe kumkhiqizo.
Ingabe kufanele kube namazinga kazwelonke okuphepha kokudla aqondiswe ngqo emikhiqizweni esanda kusikwa?
I-Turatti: Ake ngikuphendule ngesimo saseYurophu. I-IFPA izoba ngumdlali obalulekile kulesi sihloko. Kunesidingo esinamandla sokuvumelanisa imithetho nemithetho kazwelonke eyahlukene, futhi iningi labadlali abakhulu ezwekazini elidala lanikeza inhlangano umsebenzi wokwenaba uhlelo lokusebenza ngalesi sihloko. (isb. I-chlorine ayivunyelwe kwamanye amazwe futhi ivunyelwe kwamanye.)
Isi-Gertmenian: Cha - ngicabanga ukuthi izinkampani ngazinye, i-IFPA kanye nezinye izinhlangano zezimboni zisebenzisana kahle nohulumeni ukuze zithole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
Siyakwamukela: Ngicabanga ukuthi i-FDA izoba manqikanqika ukusetha indinganiso yokuphepha kokudla emikhiqizweni esanda kusikwa. Angiqiniseki ukuthi bebezokwenza. Ukuphepha kokudla akuyona inketho kule mboni; mhlawumbe ukhiqiza umkhiqizo ophephile nonempilo noma uzokhishwa ebhizinisini.
I-Gorny: Okokuqala, sekunezindinganiso eziqinile maqondana nokuphepha kokudla embonini - uMthetho Wokudla, Izidakamizwa Nezimonyo kanye noMthetho weSherman eCalifornia. Akukho ukubekezelelwa kwe-zero kuma-pathogens. Kukhona ngempela izindinganiso eziqinile. Impela i-FDA izoshicilela maduze idokhumenti yomhlahlandlela wemboni esanda kusikwa. Kodwa imboni yenze umsebenzi omkhulu ngempela ekuphumeni phambili kulolu daba. Kwenziwe kahle yimboni kuze kube manje. Akukho ukubekezelela ukuphinga uma kune-pathogen yomuntu noma ikhemikhali engabangela ukulimala. Kusebenza kukho konke ukudla. Uhulumeni akalawuli ngezimboni. Bancamela ukusebenzisa iFood, Drug and Cosmetic Act.
Kusho: Noma yini eyenziwa ngasohlangothini lokukhiqiza iphelela futhi isikiwe. Uma kuziwa ekusikeni okusha, unezinqubo ezahlukene. Lapho wenza ukusika okusha, kufanele ube ne-HACCP, GMPs. Uzoba nezidingo ezihlukene zokuphepha esitshalweni, ikakhulukazi uma unomkhiqizo owashwayo noma owashwe kathathu. Seluleka abathengi ukuthi akumele bakugeze lokho futhi. Angicabangi ukuthi idinga amazinga aqinile, idinga amazinga ahlukene ngoba iwuhlobo oluhlukile lwenqubo. Asikho isidingo sokuthi iqine kakhulu kunokuphepheka ngokuphelele. Okunye okusikiwe okusha okunawo wonke umkhiqizo ongenawo ukudlula kuma-detectors ensimbi. Lokho kuyingxenye yohlelo lwe-GMP noma lwe-HACCP.
I-Caito: Amazinga kazwelonke abalulekile ekukhiqizeni okungaguquguquki nempumelelo kuso sonke isigaba; nokho, imboni ayikwazi futhi akufanele ilinde uhulumeni ukuthi abambe iqhaza. Imboni idinga ukweseka izinhlangano zezohwebo, ikakhulukazi i-IFPA, ukuze ibe ehamba phambili emazingeni ukuvikela wonke umuntu osebenza kulo mkhakha. Kutshalwe imali eningi kakhulu kule mboni (kuyo) ukuthi ingasukunyelwa.
Freytag: I-USDA inezindinganiso zokuphepha kokudla, njengoba kwenza amazwe amaningi. I-IFPA yenze umsebenzi omuhle wokufundisa nokunikeza izeluleko ngalokho okudingekayo. Angikholwa ukuthi kunesidingo sezindinganiso ezengeziwe uma izinkampani zilandela lokho okukhona. I-Crunch Pak iphinde ibe ne-Kosher futhi iqinisekiswe nge-organic, kanye nenkampani yangaphandle egunyazwe izinkampani ezimbili ezihlukene zangaphandle. Abanye bangase bakhethe ukuhamba ibanga elide, njengoba senze, abanye bangase bangenzi.
Ubani okufanele abe nesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga okuphepha kokudla ayafinyelelwa?
Isi-Gertmenian: Noma yiliphi iqembu elibamba iqhaza ekukhuleni, ekucubunguleni, ekusabalaliseni nasekudayiseni ama-fresh-cut.
Siyakwamukela: Inkampani ekhiqiza umkhiqizo.
I-Gorny: Kuyisibopho esingokomthetho esinamazinga okuphepha kokudla (umthetho) amisiwe. Kuzuzisa wonke umuntu. Abathengi abagulayo noma abashonayo ababona abathengi abakahle abagoduka nabo. Wonke umuntu kufanele enze ingxenye yakhe futhi imithetho eqondiswe kakhulu cishe ayisona isixazululo.
Kusho: Wonke umuntu. Wonke umuntu unendima okufanele ayidlale: umlimi unesibopho salokho okufakwa esitshalweni; umthumeli, umvuni, umpakishi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo esanda kusikwa iyavunwa, iyawashwa, ipakishwe ngendlela efanele. Esitshalweni, iqinisekisa ukuthi konke lokho kuyenzeka. Isibopho esikhulu sikuso sonke isixhumanisi sochungechunge lokusabalalisa. Impela, sinamaqembu okugada njenge-FDA. I-FDA inendima kahulumeni. Imboni inendima kuyo yonke isixhumanisi. Abathengi nabo baneqhaza – qiniseka ukuthi bayayigcina ibanda, babe nezandla ezihlanzekile lapho beyilungisa, bangaphambanisi ukungcola, baqinisekise ukuthi abazibeki izinto ezisanda kusikwa ebhodini lokusika elaliphethe inyama eluhlaza. Wonke umuntu uneqhaza ekuvikelekeni kokudla. Kwesinye isikhathi uma uthi kuwumthwalo wawo wonke umuntu, akuwona umthwalo womuntu, kodwa noma ngubani owephula isixhumanisi ubeka engcupheni wonke umuntu osoketheni.
I-Caito: Imboni kanye nezinhlangano zezohwebo kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi amazinga ayafinyelelwa. Amalungu enhlangano yabahwebi kufanele afunde futhi aqonde amazinga futhi akufanele asekele izinkampani ezingahlangabezani nalezi zindinganiso. Izinkampani ezingahlangabezani nezindinganiso zomkhakha zenza isimo sezwe sibe nzima futhi sibe yingozi kuwo wonke umuntu.
Freytag: Kwa-Crunch Pak, sithatha umthwalo wemfanelo ngokungathí sina. Ekugcineni, kukumkhiqizi ukuthi asukume ukuze atshale imali kubantu, emkhiqizweni nasezikhungweni ukuze kulunge.
Yiziphi izindawo ezinkulu zezethembiso zemboni?
I-Turatti: Zonke izindawo ezibhekiswe kwikhwalithi engcono yomkhiqizo. Amakhasimende azoshesha kakhulu.
Isi-Gertmenian: Abathengi kudingeka badle ukudla okunempilo nokulula. Lokhu kusho ukuhlinzeka ngendlela emisha emikhiqizweni nasekupakishweni kanye nokusabalalisa kanye nokulawulwa kochungechunge olubandayo ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi eside sabathengi abakhetha isikhathi sabo sokudla esilandelayo.
Siyakwamukela: Ngicabanga ukuthi indawo enkulu yesithembiso isemandleni emboni jikelele ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha yabathengi. Akukho ukungabaza engqondweni yami ukuthi uma singaqhubeka nokuqhamuka nemibono emisha emikhiqizweni, emaphaketheni nasezinkonzweni le mboni izoqhubeka nokukhula futhi idlondlobale. Baningi ongqondongqondo abasungula izinto ezintsha kulo mkhakha futhi kukhona abahlinzeki abaningi abahle ngempela abalungele ukunikeza ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukuletha le mikhiqizo emisha namasevisi emakethe.
I-Gorny: Ngicabanga ukuthi sinemikhiqizo emihle. Kwezinye zezindawo sinamathuba amahle kakhulu okuthuthukisa ukunambitheka nokunambitha. Sinethuba elihle kakhulu e-US nasemhlabeni lokubhekana nalolu bhubhane lokukhuluphala ngokuhlinzeka ngokudla okulula, okunempilo. Ukwenza abantu abasebasha, ikakhulukazi izingane, bangene ezithelweni ezintsha nemifino. Bazophatha leyo mikhuba yokudla kukho konke ukuphila kwabo. Ngicabanga ukuthi singaba nomthelela omkhulu esizweni nasemhlabeni mayelana nempilo engcono. Leso ngesinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi i-United (Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association) isebenze kanzima ezinhlelweni zesidlo sasemini sesikole kanye nezinhlelo ze-WIC ukuze ithole izithelo nemifino emisha efakwe kulezo zinhlelo.
I-Caito: Ukupakishwa kwe-bio-degradable, ubuchwepheshe be-shelf-life obuthuthukisiwe kanye nokupakisha kanye nezindlela zokuthutha ezithuthukisiwe zezinto ezingavuthiwe nemikhiqizo eqediwe.
Freytag: Sizobona ukuthuthukiswa okuningi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze emandleni ephakheji anweba impilo yeshalofu. Lokhu kuzosivulela amathuba amasha okumaketha.
Ingabe unomuzwa wokuthi abathengi basebenzisa imikhiqizo esanda kusikwa kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka?
I-Turatti: Cha
Isi-Gertmenian: Cha - hhayi ngisho nokuvala, ngokusho kwezinhlolovo ezimbalwa zokumaketha. Isaladi esenziwe kabusha ihola ngokungena kwekhaya okungamaphesenti angaba ngu-80, kodwa ikhaya elivamile lithenga cishe kanye ngenyanga. Ngokuthengisa okungcono kanye nokuqanjwa okusha, isigaba singaphinda kabili noma kathathu ngosayizi. Izithelo nemifino esanda kusikwa athuthukisiwe kakhulu.
Siyakwamukela: Ngicabanga ukuthi sinamathuba amaningi kakhulu laphaya.
I-Gorny: Ngicabanga ukuthi sithinta kuphela isihloko seqhwa. Kudingeka senze umsebenzi ongcono wokuthengisa abathengi ngesiphakamiso se-value. Imvamisa, uma uya kubathengi bensizakalo yokudla noma abathengi, bafuna ukuyithenga njengenani elifanayo nelempahla yezolimo eluhlaza. Sinethuba elihle kakhulu lemfundo lokufundisa abathengi kanye nabaqhubi bezinsizakalo zokudla ngesiphakamiso senani esinalo. Lokho kungenye yezithiyo zethu ezinkulu emakethe yabathengi. Akukho mayelana nokunwetshwa kwempilo yeshelufu. Konke kumayelana nokujabulisa abathengi kanye nokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi bangabathengi abaphindayo. Yilokho ngempela ukhiye. Sidinga ukuxhumana ngezinzuzo ezinkulu zala ma-phytonutrients kanye nezinzuzo ozwa ngazo nsuku zonke ephephandabeni. Konke kuhamba ize uma kunganambitheki kahle. Iziphakamiso zevelu, ukunambitheka, ukunambitheka kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo.
Kusho: Cishe cha. Ngingasho ukuthi sisesikhulu isikhala sokukhula. (Bheka) ukukhula kwemakethe yezitolo ezilula. Uma ngingena ukuze ngiyothatha okuthile esitolo, ingabe ngithatha ama-chips, noma inkomishi yama-apula asanda kusikwa noma izaqathi noma imifino bese ngicwilisa? Kukhona ukukhula okuningi emakethe yesithako. Ungase udinge izindlela zokupheka kuso. Nansi ingxube ye-celery, isanqante kanye no-anyanisi, ngingenzani ngalokho? Eskhwameni: nansi indlela yokwenza isobho lenkukhu elisheshayo le-noodle. Kudingeka sifundise abathengi ngendlela yokusebenzisa le (imikhiqizo). Kudingeka (sigcizelele) ukunambitha, ukunethezeka nokudla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo esanda kusikwa.
Lokhu kuvela kochwepheshe bezengqondo, abantu bezibalo zabantu: kuyinto enhle ukuthi imindeni ihlangane futhi idle etafuleni. Kukhona imidlalo abantu: umdlalo umndeni ebusuku. Hlanganyela nabantu bemidlalo futhi uphromothe isidlo sakusihlwa futhi. Ususa etafuleni, imikhiqizo elula ayenzi lutho lokuhlanza, ukulungiselela akulutho. Akukona konke kubathengi ukuthi benzeni ngakho, ngicabanga ukuthi singabasiza. I-Foodservice nayo. Yileyo ndlela abathengi abayisebenzisa ngayo ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi bayayisebenzisa.
I-Caito: Impendulo esobala ithi cha. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kuyaqhubeka kukhula. Inselelo yemboni ukuletha ukwanda kokusetshenziswa ngokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo: imikhiqizo emisha, ukupakishwa okusha, ukunambitheka okusha, amaphuzu ezindleko ezintsha.
Freytag: Uma kubhekwa ukukhula abathengi bamukela ukusikwa okusha ngenani eliphezulu. Sikholelwa ukuthi izokhula kuphela.
Ingabe ukunaka kwamuva nje emithonjeni yezindaba ngezifo ezitholakala ekudleni kuzoyithinta imboni yemikhiqizo esanda kukhiqizwa?
Isi-Gertmenian: Yebo - noma nini lapho kunokungabaza komthengi, ukusetshenziswa kuzothinteka kabi. Kodwa-ke, abathengi baboniswe beqinile futhi bayaqaphela ukuthi kunezinzuzo eziningi kakhulu kwezinye izindlela ezisikiwe kunezingozi, futhi idatha yakamuva yokusetshenziswa iyaqhubeka nokubonisa ukukhula naphezu kwezinkinga zesikhashana.
Siyakwamukela: Uma bephikelela, ngokuphelele. Nokho, nginethemba lokuthi sizozixazulula ngempumelelo lezi zinkinga esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Kodwa khumbula, lena imikhiqizo yezolimo eluhlaza, asikho isinyathelo sokubulala kule nqubo, ngakho-ke izinhlelo zokuphepha kokudla zizoqhubeka zibaluleke kakhulu.
I-Gorny: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngeke ngithi. Kuyithuba lokuthi imboni ibheke futhi ibone ukuthi yenzani ngezinhlelo ezinazo. Ingabe kwanele? Ingabe iyenziwa? Yilokho okushiwo yilolu daba. Ngicabanga ukuthi abukho ubungozi obungahlobene nokudla. Kuhlale kuyinhlekelele lapho umuntu egula ngenxa yesifo esitholakala ekudleni, kodwa abukho ubungozi obuqanda ikhanda. Yisikhathi sokuhlola konke kusuka enkambini kuye kwelinye.
Kusho: Yebo, ngicabanga kanjalo. Njengoba ngishilo, ukuphepha kokudla akuxoxiswana ngakho. Uma abantu bengenalo uhlelo oluqinile lokuphepha kokudla abalusebenzisa njalo ngomzuzu owodwa wansuku zonke, abakho kuleli bhizinisi. Uma igama selilahlekile, kuba nzima ukulithola. Kunzima ukusho lokho ngoba amaphutha ayenzeka, kodwa amaphutha angenzeki. Izintatheli zithanda into emangazayo kunoma yini: "inempilo kuwe, kodwa bheka, ingakulimaza." Okuningi kungase kungabi okulungile noma okuqinisekisiwe, kodwa uma sekukhona, kuphuma lapho. Kufanele siqaphe ngokuphelele. Uhulumeni usinaka kakhulu kunakuqala. Sisebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze sibhekane nakho konke ukukhathazeka kwe-FDA ngocwaningo, isiqondiso nokuxhumana.
I-Caito: Imibiko yabezindaba ihlale iletha ukunaka embonini, ngokuvamile ngendlela engeyinhle. Ezimweni eziningi, abezindaba abakuqondi ngokugcwele lokho abakubikayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi wonke amazinga ezinkampani zeseke imboni njenge-IFPA asebenzela ukufundisa abezindaba mayelana nemikhiqizo esanda kusika. Imboni idinga izwi elingaguquki, elinolwazi neliphendulayo