#climate-smartagriculture #sustainablefarming #climatechangeadaptation #precisionagriculture #agroforestry #resilience #resourceefficiency #carbonsequestration #innovativetechnologies #sustainablepractices
Isimo sezolimo emhlabeni wonke sibhekene nezinselelo ezingakaze zibonwe ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa, imikhuba yemvula eshintshashintshayo, kanye nokwanda kwezinga lezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kubeka engcupheni enkulu esivunweni sezitshalo, ekukhiqizweni kwemfuyo, kanye nenzuzo yasemapulazini iyonke. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwalezi zinselelo kukhona ithuba lokuthi umkhakha wezolimo uvumelane nezimo futhi uthuthuke ngokwamukelwa kwezolimo ezihlakaniphile ngesimo sezulu.
Ngokombiko wakamuva weNyuvesi yase-Idaho, ezolimo ezihlakaniphile zesimo sezulu zimelela indlela ephelele yokulima ehlanganisa izinqubo ezisimeme, ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, namasu okushintsha isimo sezulu. Ngokubeka phambili ukuqina, ukusebenza kahle kwezinsiza, kanye nokuthathwa kwekhabhoni, abalimi bangathuthukisa ukukhiqiza, banciphise ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, futhi bakhe ukukhuthazela kwesimo sezulu emisebenzini yabo.
Ukufeza lezi zinhloso, abalimi kanye nababambiqhaza bezolimo kumele bahlale benolwazi mayelana nentuthuko yakamuva kwezolimo ezihlakaniphile ngesimo sezulu. Ngenhlanhla, izinsiza eziningi ziyatholakala ukubaqondisa kulolu hambo oluguquguqukayo. I-Climate-Smart Agriculture Initiative yeNyuvesi yase-Idaho inikeza imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nezinqubo ezihlakaniphile zesimo sezulu, okutholakele ocwaningweni, nezisombululo ezintsha ezingasetshenziswa emapulazini. Lezi zinsiza zihlomisa abalimi ngolwazi namathuluzi adingekayo ukuze benze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi bavumelanise imikhuba yabo nesimo sezulu esishintshayo.
Isici esisodwa esibalulekile sokulima okuhlakaniphile kwesimo sezulu ukwamukelwa kwamasu okulima anembayo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe benzwa obukude, izibalo zedatha, kanye namadivayisi we-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), abalimi bangaqapha futhi baphathe amasimu abo ngokunemba, bathuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza futhi banciphise umthelela wendawo. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bezolimo obunembayo kukhonjisiwe ukuthuthukisa isivuno, ukunciphisa izindleko zokufakwayo, nokulondoloza imithombo yamanzi. Ngokocwaningo olushicilelwe ku-Nature, ukusebenzisa izindlela zezolimo ezinembile kungaholela ekwehleni kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngo-67% kanye nokwenyuka kwezivuno zezitshalo ngo-20%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufaka izinhlelo ze-agroforestry ezindaweni zokulima kunganikeza izinzuzo eziningi lapho kubhekene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. I-Agroforestry ihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ngamabomu izihlahla nezihlahla nezitshalo noma imfuyo, kwakhiwe izinhlelo zezolimo ezihlukene nezikwazi ukumelana nezimo. Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-World Agroforestry Centre lubonisa ukuthi ukutshala kwamahlathi kungathuthukisa impilo yomhlabathi, kunciphise ukuguguleka, kukhiphe ikhabhoni, futhi kunikeze abalimi imali eyengeziwe engenayo. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinzuzo eziningi, i-agroforestry ifaka isandla ekwehliseni ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kuyilapho ikhuthaza intuthuko yezolimo esimeme.
Ukulima okuhlakaniphile kwesimo sezulu kunikeza indlela ethembisayo kubalimi, izazi zezolimo namahlathi, onjiniyela bezolimo, abanikazi bamapulazi, nososayensi ukuze babhekane nezinselele ezibangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngokwamukela izinqubo ezisimeme, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, nokwamukela amasu aqinile, umkhakha wezolimo awukwazi nje ukunciphisa indawo yawo yemvelo kodwa futhi uthuthukise ukukhiqiza, inzuzo, kanye nokusimama kwesikhathi eside. Ngokubambisana, masamukele ukulima okuhlakaniphile kwesimo sezulu futhi sakhe ikusasa lokulima eliqinile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.