#Eggplant #Agriculture #CropProduction #Farming #IntegratedPestManagement #SoilPreparation #Harvesting #PestsandDiseases
Isitshalo seqanda, esikwaziwa nangokuthi i-aubergine noma i-brinjal, imifino ehlukahlukene futhi emnandi esikhule amakhulu eminyaka. Nokho, ukukhiqiza isivuno esiyimpumelelo sama-eggplant kudinga ulwazi nobungcweti. Lesi sihloko sinikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele wokukhiqiza ama-eggplant, ohlanganisa yonke into kusukela ekutshalweni kuya ekuvuneni.
Ama-eggplant ayisitshalo esibalulekile kubalimi abaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusho kweNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (i-FAO), ukukhiqizwa kwesitshalo seqanda emhlabeni wonke ngo-2019 kwakungaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezingama-54. I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunayo yonke, ilandelwa yi-India ne-Egypt.
Ukuze ukhiqize ama-eggplant ekhwalithi ephezulu, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zama-eggplant ezitholakalayo, ngalinye linezici zalo kanye nezidingo ezikhulayo. I-University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources (UCANR) inikeza umhlahlandlela owusizo wokukhetha izinhlobo zesitshalo seqanda ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nosayizi wezithelo, ukwakheka, nombala.
Uma usukhethile uhlobo lwesitshalo seqanda sakho, kubalulekile ukulungisa umhlabathi ngendlela efanele. Ama-eggplant akhula kahle emhlabathini ovundile, ovundile ophakathi kuka-5.5 no-6.5. I-University of Florida IFAS Extension incoma ukwengeza izinto eziphilayo emhlabathini, njengomquba noma umquba, ukuthuthukisa ukuvunda nokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Ama-eggplant ayisitshalo senkathi efudumele esidinga ukukhanya kwelanga nokushisa ukuze sikhule. Kufanele zitshalwe ngemva kwesithwathwa sokugcina endaweni yangakini, ngokuvamile ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. I-University of Minnesota Extension incoma ukutshala ama-eggplant emigqeni eqhelelene ngamafidi angu-2 ukuya kwangu-3, nama-intshi angu-18 kuya kwangu-24 phakathi kwezitshalo.
Ama-eggplant athambekele ezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane nezifo, kuhlanganise namabhungane, ama-aphid, kanye ne-verticillium wilt. Izindlela zokulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezididiyelwe (IPM) zingasiza ekulawuleni lezi zinkinga ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali. Inyuvesi yaseMassachusetts Amherst ihlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela omuhle kakhulu ku-IPM wokukhiqiza isitshalo seqanda.
Ukuvuna ama-eggplant ngesikhathi esifanele kubalulekile ekuzuzeni isivuno sekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngokusho kwe-University of Illinois Extension, ama-eggplant aselungele ukuvunwa lapho esekhule ngokugcwele, ecwebezelayo, futhi eqinile. Ama-eggplant avuthwe ngokweqile angase abe ababayo noma abe nembewu eqinile.
Ukukhiqiza isitshalo esiphumelelayo sama-eggplant kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokunaka imininingwane. Ngokukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele, ukulungisa inhlabathi ngendlela efanele, ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo, nokuvuna ngesikhathi esifanele, abalimi nochwepheshe bezolimo bangakhiqiza ama-eggplant ekhwalithi ephezulu amnandi futhi anomsoco.