Utamatisi omuncu, ovuthiwe, owenziwe ngendlela yama-Roman, afakwe engxenyeni yezimpahla ezifakwe ethini esitolo sakho sesitolo sendawo, asehlutshiwe kakade futhi alungele ukuwengeza esitshulwini sakho sasebusika osithandayo, isobho noma i-casserole. Aguquguquka ngokulinganayo, futhi asetshenziswa abapheki bezindawo zokudlela nabapheki basekhaya ngokufanayo, amatamatisi afakwe ethinini ayisitshulu noma amadayisi, alungele ukudla okumnandi kwe-Italian noma yaseMexico.
Namuhla, amaprosesa amaningi asusa ama-peels aqinile alawa matamatisi anambithekayo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezivamile, njengokushisa kwe-steam noma izifutho ze-jet zezixazululo ezishisayo ze-sodium hydroxide noma i-potassium hydroxide, elandelwa i-tapwater rinse.
Kusasa, amaphrosesa angakhetha indlela entsha, ethuthukisiwe futhi ehlolwe ezifundweni eziholwa ngu Umsebenzi Wokucwaninga Kwezolimo Unjiniyela Zhongli Pan. Uzinze e-ejensi Isikhungo Socwaningo Lwesifunda SaseNtshonalanga e-Albany, eCalifornia.
Isebenza kanjani i-infrared peeling
Inqubo incike emandleni e-infrared, njengalawo akhiqizwa kuhhavini we-infrared atholakala emakhishini asekhaya asezingeni eliphakeme, ngokwesibonelo. Esitolo, utamatisi ohamba ngamabhande okuthutha uzoshiswa cishe imizuzwana engama-60 ngokukhanya kwe-infrared okukhishwa kumayunithi amashubhu abekwe eduze kwamabhande.
Ukushisa kukhulula ikhasi elinamathelayo futhi libangele ukuqhekeka. Lokho kwenza kube lula ukuthi ikhasi lihlukaniseke lapho utamatisi engena endaweni elandelayo - i-vacuum chamber - futhi, ngemva kwalokho, isuswa "i-pinch" rollers.
Ithimba le-Pan licwengisise lezi zinyathelo phakathi neminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu yokuhlolwa okubandakanya cishe u-6,000 wohlobo lwama-Roman oludayiswayo (ngezinye izikhathi olubizwa ngokuthi “ipulamu”) utamatisi. Nakuba ososayensi sebeneminyaka engamashumi eminyaka bezama ukuxebuka kwezithelo nemifino okune-infrared, ukuhlola kwe-Pan infrared ngokusobala kuwuhlobo lwako olubanzi, kuze kube manje, ekuxebuleni utamatisi ozwakalayo endaweni ezungezile.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zesu elisha ukuthi iningi alinamanzi. Lokho “okuhlanganisa” okukhethekile kwamaphrosesa e-California kwesinye isikhathi ekhungethwe yisomiso, izwe elikhiqiza iningi lamatamatisi acutshunguliwe esizwe.
Le nqubo ayikwazanga ukunciphisa kuphela izindleko zokuletha amanzi ebhodweni, kodwa ingase futhi yehlise izindleko zokuyigaya kabusha noma ukuwalahla ngendlela efanele. Ukulahlwa kuyinkinga ethile yabaprosesa abasebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide noma i-potassium hydroxide, ngoba izinto zingakhuphula izindleko zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile embonini.
Ezinye izinzuzo
Kuningi ongakuthanda ngobuchwepheshe be-infrared “dry peeling”. Le nqubo isiza ukunciphisa "i-overpeeling" emoshayo engenzeka lapho izingqimba eziningi zikatamatisi zisuswa ngokungaqondile ngekhasi. Nge-infrared, overpeeling akuyona inkinga encane ngoba, uma isetshenziswe ngokunemba, inqubo ithinta kuphela ikhasi kanye nezingqimba ezimbalwa ezincanyana ngaphansi kwayo.
Ocwaningweni olwanyatheliswa ngo-2014, abacwaningi babonisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa okuhlobene nekhasi - okukalwa ngokuqhathanisa isisindo sikatamatisi ngaphambi nangemva kokucwecwa - kwakungamaphesenti angu-8 kuya kwangu-13 ngokufudumeza kwe-infrared futhi cishe amaphesenti angu-13 kuya kwangu-16 nge-sodium hydroxide-based peeling. .
Ukweqisa kancane kusho ukuthi utamatisi ocutshungulwe nge-infrared ungase uthandeke kakhulu kune-overpeeled. I-overpeeling ingaveza izendlalelo zangaphakathi, ngokuvamile eziphaphathekile kunezendlalelo zansuku zonke ezibomvu zokucubungula zikatamatisi. Futhi, inqwaba yemithambo katamatisi ephuzi, efana nemithambo ingase ivezwe ngokucwecwa ngokweqile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucwecwa kwe-infrared kungaba lula ngesakhiwo nokuthungwa kukatamatisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi utamatisi angase ahlale eqinile ngokujabulisayo, hhayi ama-mushy, futhi akufanele ahlukane kalula lapho usikwa. Ithimba le-Pan libonise ukuthi utamatisi ofakwe nge-infrared ubuqinile obufanayo noma obungcono kancane kunotamatisi ohlutshiwe nge-sodium noma i-potassium hydroxide.
I-Pan nozakwethu UTara McHugh, umholi wocwaningo kanye nochwepheshe bokudla abane-ARS e-Albany; UCarlos Masareje ne-Precision Canning Equipment, eWoodland, eCalifornia; kanye no-James Valenti-Jordan we-Del Monte Foods, e-Walnut Creek, bafuna ilungelo lobunikazi lenqubo yokucwecwa.
I-Pan ilindele ukuthi uhlelo lukhuphukele kusivinini se-cannery ngo-2016. Okwamanje, izifundo zikatamatisi zibhalwe kuhhafu wedazini lezihloko zesayensi ezibuyekezwe ontanga. Ezinye izindatshana zichaza inqubekelaphambili ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuxebula amapentshisi amasha e-clingstone, enye into yakudala yezimpahla ezisemathinini.