Entwasahlobo ka-2019, u-D. Medvedev wasayina umthetho mayelana nesidingo sokubhalisa ama-drones anesisindo esisuka ku-250 g kuya ku-30 kg, ulwazi lwavela (kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni) ekuchitshiyelweni okuvumela ukundiza endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-150 futhi kude nabantu - ebangeni elingamamitha angama-50.
Imithetho neziqondiso ezimotweni zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu (UAVs)
Izichibiyelo zomthetho wama-UAV wangomhla zi-3 kuNhlolanja 2020 – Isimemezelo Sikahulumeni Wenhlangano YaseRussia sangomhla zingama-19 kuNdasa, 2022 No. . Uhulumeni uchibiyele umthethosivivinywa, manje okuyisisindo esincane sokusuka kwendiza, okufanele ibhaliswe, akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-415 kg, noma u-25 g. Khumbula ukuthi ekuqaleni isisindo saqala kusuka ku-2019 g kuya ku-658 kg. Ama-drone anesisindo esiphakathi kuka-0.15g no-150kg kufanele abhaliswe ngokuhambisana nomthetho. Kusukela ngomhlaka-250 Mashi 30, izakhamizi nabanikazi bama-drones anesisindo esingaphezu kuka-250g banezinsuku ezingama-30 zokubhalisa idivayisi yabo.
Izichibiyelo kumthetho wama-UAV wangomhla zi-3 kuNhlolanja 2020 – kuMithetho Yombuso Yokusetshenziswa Kwe-Airspace ye-Russian Federation. Isichibiyelo, empeleni, esikuvumela ukuthi undize ama-quadrocopter namanye amamodeli endiza ngaphandle kokuhambisa uhlelo lwendiza, kuyilapho usendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-150.
Kusukela ngomhla ka-29 Disemba 2020, abanikazi bezindiza zomphakathi ezingenamuntu bangathola isevisi yokubhaliswa kwendiza engenamuntu besebenzisa i-Unified State Services Portal noma i-Unmanned Aircraft Registration Portal.
Ulwazi lwakamuva ngomthetho we-UAV lwabuyekezwa ngoMashi 22, 2021.
Izichibiyelo kumthetho wama-UAV wangomhla zi-3 kuNhlolanja 2020 – kuMithetho Yombuso Yokusetshenziswa Kwe-Airspace ye-Russian Federation. Ukuthola imvume yezindiza ze-UAV nge-MFC (isibuyekezo sisuka ku-04/05/21). Izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu zizokwazi ukundiza endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-150 ngaphandle kokuthola imvume Kuhlelo Oluhlanganisiwe Lokulawulwa Kwethrafikhi Yomoya. Lokhu kushiwo esinqumweni esisalungiswa soMnyango Wezokuthutha, esithunyelwe kuphothali yenhlangano yezenzo zomthetho ezisalungiswa. Isibopho sokuvimbela ukushayisana kwama-drones nezindiza ezinomuntu kanye nezinye izinto ezisemoyeni, kanye nokushayisana nezithiyo phansi, kuphezu komshayeli wangaphandle, lo mbhalo uyagcizelela.
Ukuze undize indiza yendiza engenamuntu, kuyadingeka ukuhambisa uhlelo lwendiza esikhungweni sesifunda se-Unified Air Traffic Management System ye-Russian Federation ukuze uthole imvume yokusebenzisa indawo yomoya.
Ezindizeni ze-UAV ezindaweni zokuhlala, kuyadingeka ukuthola imvume kuhulumeni wasekhaya yaleyo ndawo (ngaphandle kwezindiza ze-UAV ezinesisindo esikhulu sokusuka esingaphansi kuka-0.25 kg).
Kukhona nenqubo eyenziwe lula yama-drones anesisindo esiphezulu sokusuka esingafika ku-30 kg lapho enza izindiza ezibukwayo ezenziwa ngaphakathi komugqa wokubonwa ngesikhathi sasemini kanye nasezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphansi kuka-150 m ukusuka emhlabeni noma emanzini.
Kodwa kufanele kucatshangelwe ukulinganiselwa okuningi. Izindiza zingenziwa kuphela:
a) ngaphandle kwezindawo zokulawula zezindiza zezindiza zomphakathi, izindawo zezindiza (izikhumulo zezindiza ezinophephela emhlane) zombuso kanye nezindiza zokuhlola, izindawo ezikhawulelwe, izindawo ezinemikhawulo yendiza, izindawo ezikhethekile, indawo yezindiza phezu kwezindawo zemicimbi yomphakathi, imiqhudelwano yezemidlalo esemthethweni, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezenziwayo. ngaphandle ngokuhambisana nomthetho we-federal "On State Protection";
b) ebangeni okungenani elingu-5 km ukusuka ezindaweni zokulawula izinkundla zezindiza ezingalawuleki kanye nezindawo zokuhlala.
I-Drone vs Quadcopter - Uyini umehluko?
I-Drone, i-quadcopter, imoto yasemoyeni engenamuntu, i-UAV - ngokushesha nje lapho bengazibizi izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu. Lona umqondo ojwayelekile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ake siqale ngawo. I-drone iyimoto engenamuntu, kodwa hhayi endizayo. Esikhundleni sezikulufu, ingaba namasondo, futhi kunezinjongo eziningi zama-drones. Igama elithi drone ngokwalo lihunyushwe lisuka esiNgisini ngokuthi “drone”. Manje sekunzima kakade ukunquma ukuthi ubani owaqala ukubiza izimoto ezingenamuntu ngaleyo ndlela, kwaziwa kuphela ukuthi igama lalisetshenziswe ngenkuthalo kakade phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Uma sikhuluma ngomehluko phakathi kwe-drone ne-quadrocopter, khona-ke kuyoba okulungile ukusho ukuthi umqondo owodwa ungafakwa kwenye. Okusho ukuthi, i-drone kokubili i-"Phantom" esiyijwayele, kanye nohlobo oluthile lwesicoci se-robot vacuum.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eminye imithombo ithi kulungile ukubiza noma iyiphi idivayisi ngaphandle kokulawula i-drone. Bese kuvela ukuthi ngisho nemoto eyejwayelekile ingaba i-drone, umuntu kufanele abeke isitini kuphela endaweni yegesi bese eyithumela ohambweni ngaphandle komshayeli. Isitatimende esingabazisayo, ngakho-ke sikweluleka ukuthi ungazihluphi ngabo, ngoba ngokuvamile zisasho amadivaysi ekuqaleni ayeklanyelwe ukusebenza ngaphandle komshayeli wendiza noma umshayeli.
I-Drone isho “imoto engenamuntu”. Ngokungafani negama langaphambilini, lesi sifinyezo sisho ngokuqondile indiza. Eqinisweni, imele "imoto yasemoyeni engaphethwe muntu". Lokhu kusahlanganisa izimoto ezijikelezayo esizijwayele, kodwa ngaphandle kwazo, amanye ama-drones amaningi ahluke ngokuphelele komunye nomunye angabizwa nangokuthi leli gama. Ake sihlole kafushane ezinye zazo.
– With fixed wing. Azinawo ama-rotor futhi zibukeka njengezindiza ezincane ezivela ngaphandle.
- Ama-UAV ajikelezayo. I-Drones, ene-rotors, ngosizo lapho indiza iqhutshwa khona.
- Convertibles. Asuka njengezindiza ezinophephela emhlane, kodwa abe esendiza njengezindiza, athembele ezimpikweni.
- Izilayida. Zingaba nenjini noma zingenayo, zihlela ngomoya.
- Ama-drones axhunyiwe. Intambo, hhayi ibhethri.
Njengoba kunikezwe iqiniso lokuthi nsuku zonke usungula amamodeli amasha, lolu hlu lungagcwaliswa unomphela. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-quadcopter iyi-UAV ejikelezayo (okuyinto, yona, i-drone). Futhi kungalo mqondo lapho kuvame ukudideka khona. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-quadrocopter iyi-drone enama-rotor angu-4, futhi kungaba okungalungile ukubiza noma iyiphi idivayisi ngaleyo ndlela. Ama-quadcopter aqanjwe ngenombolo yophephela:
I-tricopter - ama-propeller ama-3;
I-quadcopter - ama-propeller angu-4;
I-hexacopter - ama-propeller angu-6;
- octocopter - 8 ophephela.
Ama-quadcopter abizwa ngamadivaysi ngoba nje lena imodeli evame kakhulu. Ngakho iphutha. Wonke amadivaysi ohlobo lwe-rotary abizwa ngokuthi ama-multicopter. Okusho ukuthi, ama-quadcopter nama-drones anenombolo ehlukile yophephela ayingxenye yalo mqondo. Uma ufuna ukukhuluma nge-UAV ejikelezayo ngaphandle kokucacisa idizayini ethile, kungaba kuhle kakhulu ukuyibiza ngokuthi “multicopter” noma umane “copter”.
Amapharamitha nezici zama-drones ezolimo
I-Drone yokuvikela izitshalo i-AGR A22. 22 l ithangi lamanzi (elixhumeka). Inzwa yeleveli yoketshezi enozibuthe eyakhelwe ngokugcwele, impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ngokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Iphampu yamanzi ye-piston brushless amane. Ilawula ngokunembile ivolumu yesifutho ngesilinganiso sokugeleza esiphezulu esingu-8 amalitha ngomzuzu. Uhlobo lwe-T olusebenzayo lwe-spray ububanzi. Umbhobho wokukhulula ingcindezi ungafika kumamitha angu-8 futhi umthamo ungama-4-14 ha/ihora. Ukugwema izithiyo okunembile, ukuvikeleka okungcono kokuphepha. Isilawuli esikude sesikrini se-A22 RTK. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, isithombe esizinzile, isikhombimsebenzisi esivumelana nezimo kakhulu, ukuphila kwebhethri okungafika emahoreni angu-8. Ukushaja okusebenzayo, impilo ende yebhethri. Ukushaja ibhethri okusheshayo okuhlakaniphile, ukushaja ngokushesha phakathi nemizuzu engu-20.
I-Drone U16L-4 yezolimo. I-U16L-4 yenzelwe ukufafaza emoyeni, okungakhuphula kakhulu ukutholwa kwezitshalo nezithombo ngezibulala-zinambuzane ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo ezitshalweni, futhi kwandise kakhulu amandla ezilimo. I-U16L-4 yakhelwe ukonga ngaphezu kwengxenye yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, nokunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi abasebenzi bechayeka ezibulala-zinambuzane, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwezimpilo zabasebenzi.
Izinzuzo:
- kulula ukuyiphatha (i-conveyor egoqayo);
- ukulawula okunembile (okugcwele noma okuzenzakalelayo, ukubuyisela okungalawulwa);
- okuthembekile (ngokumelana nomoya, imvula, uthuli), ukumelana nomsindo;
- ukusetshenziswa kwama-motor kagesi angenazimboni, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukugqwala;
- indiza ye-semi-automatic, udinga kuphela ukushintsha ibhethri elisizayo;
- Ibanga lokusebenza lisuka kumakhulu ambalwa amamitha kuya kumakhilomitha amaningana, imodi yokusebenza ihlanganisa ukulawula okwenziwa ngesandla, ukulawulwa kwe-semi-automatic kanye nokulawula uhlelo lwekhompyutha.
I-Agras-T30 yezolimo. I-Agras-T30 iyakwazi ukusabalalisa imbewu, umanyolo owomile kanye nokufafaza izitshalo. I-drone ifakwe isilawuli kude esinesikrini esakhelwe ngaphakathi esingu-5.5-intshi nesofthiwe eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izindiza zezolimo. Isilawuli esisodwa singakwazi ukulawula ama-drones amathathu.
Inethangi elingu-30 litre futhi ifakwe imibhobho engu-16. Ngaphezu kwethangi lokufutha, i-T30 ingahlonyiswa nge-spreader engu-40 litre yembewu, umanyolo owomile noma izinambuzane. Ngokundiza okuzenzakalelayo, i-T30 isebenzisa isistimu ye-RTK GPS enezinga lokuma kwesentimitha ngokunemba, isivalo esiyindilinga sokugwema izithiyo, amakhamera e-FPV ngaphambili nangemuva.
Ukukhiqiza kwe-drone uma ufutha kufika kumahektha ayi-16.2 ngehora. Ububanzi be-spray - 9 m. Ukusebenza kwama-nozzles kungafinyelela amandla angu-8 amalitha ngomzuzu. Ukuqina kokuhlinzekwa kwesisombululo kulawulwa ama-valve angu-8 we-solenoid. I-drone ithola izinto ezisele ethangini ngesikhathi sangempela bese ibuyela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze ifake uphethiloli.
Ingxube eyomile nohlelo lokusabalalisa imbewu inesilinganiso sokudla esingafika ku-50 kg ngomzuzu, ububanzi obusakazekayo bufika kumamitha ayi-7 kanye nomthamo ongafika ku-1 ton ngehora. Lolu hlelo luphinde lusekele ukuqapha kwesisindo sesikhathi sangempela futhi lunenzwa yokuzungezisa ukuze lunikeze izexwayiso zokugcwalisa kabusha ezinembe kakhudlwana.
Imishayo emibili enama-nozzles afakiwe ingakhuphukela endaweni ethile, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubamba ingxenye engezansi yezitshalo lapho ufutha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma undiza phakathi kwezivande zezithelo nezivini.
Ngosizo lwe-omnidirectional lidar namakhamera amabili, i-drone ilandelela indawo futhi iphinde iphinde iphakame njalo ngaphezu kwezitshalo. Ukukhanya kwe-Lidar ne-LED kwekhamera kukuvumela ukuthi usebenze ebusuku. Isistimu ye-radar eyindilinga ibona izithiyo nendawo ezungezile kuzo zonke izimo zezulu nama-engeli wokubuka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona uthuli nokuphazamiseka kokukhanya. Ukugwema ukushayisana okuzenzakalelayo nezici zendiza eziguqukayo zikusiza ukukugcina uphephile ngenkathi usebenza.
Inani lemijikelezo yokushajwa kwebhethri ngu-1000. Isikhathi sokushaja imizuzu eyi-10. Ibhethri ayesabi ukushisa ngokweqile, ngakho-ke ungaqala ukushaja ngokushesha ngemva kokuyishintsha. Ngokuqhubekayo
amabhethri amabili anamandla angu-29,000 mAh anele.
I-drone inokuvikelwa kwe-IP67, ayesabi uthuli, umswakama nezibulala-zinambuzane.
Ukufaneleka kwenkinga yokusebenzisa ama-UAV
Ukulawulwa kokutshala kwezolimo akungabazeki okwamanje. Kodwa ngokuvamile kusukela endizeni akunakwenzeka ukuhlola isilinganiso esigcwele sesimo emasimini. Ngakho-ke, ukusheshisa le nqubo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izithombe zasemoyeni. Emkhiqizweni wezolimo, izindiza ezincane zisetshenziselwa lokhu (eRussia - izindiza zohlobo lwe-AN-2), ezibiza kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile zingenakufinyeleleka kumabhizinisi amancane ezolimo. Ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi, izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu (UAVs) zisetshenziselwa ukulawula indawo yokulima, izindleko zazo, ngokombono wezomnotho, zishibhe izikhathi eziningi kunanoma iziphi izindiza ezinomuntu.
Abalimi emhlabeni wonke bahlola ngenkuthalo amathuba okusebenzisa izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu kwezolimo. Sikhuluma ngezinye izinhlobo zokuthuthwa kukamanyolo, kanye nokuqapha amadlelo ngenani kanye nekhwalithi ye-biomass. Ama-drones aya ngokuya eba usizo kwezolimo. Ukuthwebula izithombe zasemoyeni, noma ngokunembile, ukuthwebula kwezithombe zasemoyeni okuhleliwe, kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-drone enekhamera ethwebula ebangeni elibonakalayo nelishisayo.
Kungani ukusetshenziswa kwama-UAV kubaluleke kangaka kwezolimo? Ngoba ezolimo ngaphandle kwedatha eningi yekhwalithi iphenduka inkinga enkulu. Cishe uhhafu wezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokukhiqiza izitshalo (kusuka oketshezini kuya kwezibulala-zinambuzane, amafungicides kanye nama-herbicides) azinamsebenzi, njengoba zichithwa ngobuningi kunalokho obekufanele zibe khona, noma azikho endaweni efanele, ngokwesibonelo, emiseleni ephakathi, futhi hhayi ngaphansi kwezitshalo ngokwazo . Imiphumela yesimo esinjalo ingaba edabukisa kakhulu, kuze kufike ekulahlekeni okuphelele kwesivuno.
Uma ezolimo sezikwazi ukulawula okwenzeka esitshalweni ngasinye, kuzokwazi ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Emapulazini amancane, abalimi bangakwazi ukulawula ngesandla, kodwa indawo yamasimu atshaliwe ayivumeli njalo ukuthi lokhu kwenziwe ngokushesha. Iningi lokuhlola okwenziwa ezimweni ezinjalo kwenziwa phansi ngosizo lweqembu lochwepheshe elivakashela amasimu. Kusukela endizeni akunakwenzeka ukuhlola isilinganiso esigcwele sesigameko. Ngakho-ke, ukusheshisa le nqubo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izithombe zasemoyeni, kuhlanganise namarobhothi endizayo - izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu. Abalimi bazosebenzisa kuphela izibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-sikhunta lapho zidingeka khona ngempela futhi ngamanani amancane; ngale ndlela, ukungcoliswa kokudla kanye nemvelo ngamakhemikhali kuzovinjelwa, kanti nemali izokongwa. Ukukhubazeka okunjalo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela, njengamabala anempandla, ukufa kwezitshalo ngemva kwesomiso noma izikhukhula, nezinye izici, zidinga ukulawulwa kokusebenza, okungahlinzekwa kuphela ngezithombe zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-UAV kwezolimo kwenza kube nokwenzeka: ukwenza amamephu e-electronic of fields; uhlu lwamapulazi; hlola ububanzi bomsebenzi futhi uqaphe ukuqaliswa kwawo; ukwenza ukuqapha ukusebenza kwesimo sezitshalo; nquma inkomba ye-NDVI (inkomba yezitshalo); hlola ukuhluma kwezilimo; bikezela isivuno sezitshalo; hlola izinga lokulima; ukwenza ukuqapha kwemvelo ezindaweni zokulima.
Imisebenzi
– Ukusebenza kahle kwehora ngalinye - amahektha ayi-16.2.
- Imitha yokugeleza enembayo ephezulu - imitha yokugeleza kagesi eneziteshi ezimbili enephutha elingu-±2%.
- Inzwa Yezinga - Inzwa yezinga eliqhubekayo (ngokutholwa kokulayisha izibulala-zinambuzane ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokubikezela kwephoyinti lokugcwalisa elihlakaniphile).
– Ubuningi bokugeleza kwesifutho ngu-7.2–8 l/min.
Ukufaneleka kwenkinga yokusebenzisa ama-UAV
Ukulawulwa kokutshala kwezolimo akungabazeki okwamanje. Kodwa ngokuvamile kusukela endizeni akunakwenzeka ukuhlola isilinganiso esigcwele sesimo emasimini. Ngakho-ke, ukusheshisa le nqubo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izithombe zasemoyeni. Emkhiqizweni wezolimo, izindiza ezincane zisetshenziselwa lokhu (eRussia - izindiza zohlobo lwe-AN-2), ezibiza kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile zingenakufinyeleleka kumabhizinisi amancane ezolimo. Ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi, izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu (UAVs) zisetshenziselwa ukulawula indawo yokulima, izindleko zazo, ngokombono wezomnotho, zishibhe izikhathi eziningi kunanoma iziphi izindiza ezinomuntu.
Abalimi emhlabeni wonke bahlola ngenkuthalo amathuba okusebenzisa izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu kwezolimo. Sikhuluma ngezinye izinhlobo zokuthuthwa kukamanyolo, kanye nokuqapha amadlelo ngenani kanye nekhwalithi ye-biomass. Ama-drones aya ngokuya eba usizo kwezolimo. Ukuthwebula izithombe zasemoyeni, noma ngokunembile, ukuthwebula kwezithombe zasemoyeni okuhleliwe, kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-drone enekhamera ethwebula ebangeni elibonakalayo nelishisayo.
Kungani ukusetshenziswa kwama-UAV kubaluleke kangaka kwezolimo? Ngoba ezolimo ngaphandle kwedatha eningi yekhwalithi iphenduka inkinga enkulu. Cishe uhhafu wezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokukhiqiza izitshalo (kusuka oketshezini kuya kwezibulala-zinambuzane, amafungicides kanye nama-herbicides) azinamsebenzi, njengoba zichithwa ngobuningi kunalokho obekufanele zibe khona, noma azikho endaweni efanele, ngokwesibonelo, emiseleni ephakathi, futhi hhayi ngaphansi kwezitshalo ngokwazo . Imiphumela yesimo esinjalo ingaba edabukisa kakhulu, kuze kufike ekulahlekeni okuphelele kwesivuno.
Uma ezolimo sezikwazi ukulawula okwenzeka esitshalweni ngasinye, kuzokwazi ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Emapulazini amancane, abalimi bangakwazi ukulawula ngesandla, kodwa indawo yamasimu atshaliwe ayivumeli njalo ukuthi lokhu kwenziwe ngokushesha. Iningi lokuhlola okwenziwa ezimweni ezinjalo kwenziwa phansi ngosizo lweqembu lochwepheshe elivakashela amasimu. Kusukela endizeni akunakwenzeka ukuhlola isilinganiso esigcwele sesigameko. Ngakho-ke, ukusheshisa le nqubo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izithombe zasemoyeni, kuhlanganise namarobhothi endizayo - izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu. Abalimi bazosebenzisa kuphela izibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-sikhunta lapho zidingeka khona ngempela futhi ngamanani amancane; ngale ndlela, ukungcoliswa kokudla kanye nemvelo ngamakhemikhali kuzovinjelwa, kanti nemali izokongwa. Ukukhubazeka okunjalo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela, njengamabala anempandla, ukufa kwezitshalo ngemva kwesomiso noma izikhukhula, nezinye izici, zidinga ukulawulwa kokusebenza, okungahlinzekwa kuphela ngezithombe zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-UAV kwezolimo kwenza kube nokwenzeka: ukwenza amamephu e-electronic of fields; uhlu lwamapulazi; hlola ububanzi bomsebenzi futhi uqaphe ukuqaliswa kwawo; ukwenza ukuqapha ukusebenza kwesimo sezitshalo; nquma inkomba ye-NDVI (inkomba yezitshalo); hlola ukuhluma kwezilimo; bikezela isivuno sezitshalo; hlola izinga lokulima; ukwenza ukuqapha kwemvelo ezindaweni zokulima.
I-UAV yezithombe zasemoyeni iyaqaliswa, isuke bese ihlala kumodi ezenzakalelayo (ekushayeleni okuzenzakalelayo) emzileni olayishiwe. I-UAV, indizela emzileni ohlelwe kusengaphambili, yenza inhlolovo yedijithali yendawo. Umphumela wocwaningo yizithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu ezindaweni ezihleliwe ngokuya ngezixhumanisi ze-GPS. Ngemva kokuqeda umzila wokuthwebula izithombe zasemoyeni, i-UAV ihlala endaweni efanayo lapho isuke khona. Esithombeni ngasinye, kutholwa isethi ephelele yolwazi lwedijithali, izixhumanisi zephoyinti ledatha elimaphakathi ukuze lidluliselwe futhi lisetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezivamile (ngokwesibonelo, i-ArcView noma i-MapInfo). Ngakho, zonke izithombe zi-georeferenced futhi zingathungelwa endaweni eyodwa enkulu ye-orthomosaic.
Ukuthwebula izithombe zasemoyeni okuvela kuma-UAV kungangena esikhundleni sesithombe sesathelayithi esinokulungiswa okuphezulu kwezolimo. Njengamanje, ukulima ngokunemba kusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo. Isekelwe embonweni omusha wezolimo, lapho insimu yezolimo, ehlukahlukene ekusizeni, okuqukethwe kwezakhi ze-agrochemical, idinga ukusetshenziswa endaweni ngayinye yobuchwepheshe bezolimo obuphumelela kakhulu.
Ama-UAV ezolimo angaxazulula izinkinga eziningi ngokushesha futhi eshibhile kunamasathelayithi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwenziwa komsebenzi ngesikhathi, ukudubula ngosuku olufanayo kuzosiza ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ezindabeni ezicindezela kakhulu. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinguquko esimweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nazo zizobonakala ngokushesha.
Inhloso yocwaningo lwezolimo ukukhombisa abalimi lokho abangakwazi ukukubona phezulu, futhi izikhathi ezibekiwe zibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu. Lapho wenza uhlolo oluvamile lwasemoyeni nsuku zonke noma kanye ngesonto futhi ngemva kokulucubungula ku-software ekhethekile, kungenzeka ukulandelela ukuguquguquka kwezinguquko ngaphakathi kwenkundla efanayo, futhi le datha ingahlotshaniswa ngokunembile nokukhiqizwa komhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha yezithombe zasemoyeni ingaba ithuluzi lokumaketha. Ezinye izinkampani zembewu zihlinzeka ngezithombe zamahhala zasemoyeni zesitshalo njengengxenye yokuthengisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idatha yocwaningo lwezolimo ingaphezu nje komhlahlandlela wokulandelela ukutshala. Ukuqapha ukutshala kusetshenziswa izithombe kungenza umehluko osezingeni eliphezulu ekuqaphelweni kwemisebenzi yezolimo, kusize ukuvimbela izindleko ezingadingekile zikamanyolo namanzi, futhi abanye abathengi bavame ukuzimisela ukukhokhela kakhulu imikhiqizo etshalwe kusetshenziswa izithombe zasemoyeni, futhi ngalokho bakhetha ezolimo ezisimeme. futhi uthembele ekulimeni okuphilayo.
iziphetho
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu kuqinisekisa ukubhekwa kwezitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwazo kanye nokubonakala ngokushesha kwezitshalo ezidinga ukuvundiswa ngokushesha.
- Ngosizo lolwazi olutholwe ama-drones, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa imishini yezolimo namayunithi ngokunengqondo ngokuhlanganisa amamephu we-elekthronikhi wamasimu.
- Ama-Drones enza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlaziya imiphumela yokuhlwanyela futhi ngokushesha uthathe izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi wabaqhubi bemishini, ngokwesibonelo, ukwandisa imizila yemishini,
ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo. - I-drone ingasetshenziswa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi injani indawo.
I-UAV njengesisekelo sezolimo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze
Ama-drones ezolimo ayindlela entsha ekuthuthukisweni kwamapulazi. Ama-UAV ayakwazi ukwenza izinhlobo ezahlukene zocwaningo ezingafinyeleleki kumuntu ojwayelekile. Ngesisindo esithile esingamakhilogremu ambalwa kuphela, ama-drones ezolimo ayakwazi ukuhlala emoyeni isikhathi eside futhi ahlole izindawo ezinobukhulu obumangalisayo ngalesi sikhathi.
Ama-drones ezolimo akwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha amamephu e-electronic wamasimu ngefomethi ye-3D, ukubala inkomba yezitshalo) ukuze kuvundise ngempumelelo izitshalo, kuhlolwe umsebenzi oqhubekayo nokuvikela indawo yokulima.
Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe izibonelo zomsebenzi ongenziwa ama-drones ezolimo.
– Ukuhlaziya isimo somhlabathi. Ngosizo lwamakhamera nezinzwa ezifakwe ngokukhethekile kuma-UAV, abalimi bahlaziya isimo senhlabathi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene futhi banqume ukuthi yikuphi okufanele kakhulu ukutshala imbewu.
- Ukutshala imbewu. Njengamanje kuneziqalo eziningi emakethe ezinikezela ukutshala izitshalo kusetshenziswa ama-drones akhethekile adubula amaphilisi embewu emhlabathini. Isibonelo sokuqaliswa okunjalo yi-BioCarbon Engineering, eyazakhela igama entwasahlobo ka-2015 lapho imemezela izinhlelo zokutshala izihlahla ezifika ku-1 billion ngonyaka.
– Ukuqapha isimo sesilimo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abalimi babone izinambuzane ezibulala amasimu ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze bathathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngokushesha. Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi izimpawu zokuqala zokuwohloka kwesimo sezitshalo zibonakaliswa ngokushintsha kwe-chlorophyll.
Ngakho-ke, ngokufaka amakhamera e-infrared kuma-UAV, abalimi bangafunda ngesikhathi mayelana nokuqala kokuhluleka kwezitshalo. - Ukucutshungulwa kokuvuna. Enye indawo engase isetshenziswe ama-UAV kwezolimo ukufafaza kwezitshalo ngendlela efanayo ngezibulala-zinambuzane nomanyolo okhethekile. Ngosizo lwama-drones, abalimi bazokwazi ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo bekude.
- Isibikezelo sesivuno. Idatha eqoqwe ngesikhathi sokuqapha ingasetshenziswa ukwakha imibiko ehlukahlukene yokuhlaziya. Kulokhu, i-UAV izosetshenziswa njengenkundla yokuqoqwa kwedatha, kuyilapho ububanzi bomsebenzi buzowela kuma-software akhethekile acubungula ulwazi oluqoqiwe. Ochwepheshe abaningi baze bakholelwe ukuthi ikusasa lama-UAV ezolimo likhona kule modeli yokuthuthukiswa - amadivaysi ngokwawo azoba "impahla", kanti inani eliyinhloko lemakethe kuzoba ochwepheshe abakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwepulazi. ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yesofthiwe.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwemakethe
Okwamanje, imakethe yama-UAV ezolimo isezingeni lokuqala lokuthuthuka. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ezolimo zizoba ngesinye sezigaba ezinkulu zemakethe zama-drones esikhathini esizayo. Izimakethe Nezimakethe ngo-2016 zalinganisela imakethe yama-UAV ezolimo ku-$864.4 million, ibikezela ukukhula okuqhubekayo konyaka okungama-30% kuya ku-$4.2 billion ngo-2022. Ngokochwepheshe Bezimakethe Nezimakethe, ukukhula kwemakethe kuzokwenziwa ngcono kancane kancane endaweni yokulawula. , okubonakala manje emazweni ahlukahlukene omhlaba.
Isikhungo somhlaziyi i-PWC silinganisela ukuthi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka imakethe yama-drones ezolimo kuphela (ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa ama-drones ohlobo lwezindiza) ingaba cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-32.4. Lokhu kukhula kuzoqhutshwa ukwanda kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke ukuze bondle wonke umuntu, ngaphandle kokusungula izinto ezintsha embonini yezolimo evumela ukukhulisa umkhiqizo, kubalulekile.
Phakathi kwamazwe lapho ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwama-drones ezolimo manje kwenzeka, umuntu angakhetha i-USA, China, Japan, Brazil, amazwe e-EU, njll. DJI, Yamaha nabanye. Ochwepheshe bayaqaphela ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva, abakhiqizi bezolimo sebeqalile ukubonisa isithakazelo esikhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwama-UAV. Ikakhulukazi, inkampani yaseMelika iRaven, eyisabalalisa ama-AgEagle drones, isanda kusayina izinkontileka zokubambisana zesikhathi eside nabakhiqizi abahamba phambili bemishini yezolimo - iDeere & Company kanye ne-AGCO Corporation.
Ama-Drones ayathuthuka embonini yezolimo nasezweni lakithi, naphezu kokulawula okungekuhle kakhulu nokulawulwa kwezomthetho.
- Umthetho kuma-quadcopter e-Russian Federation 2022. Ingabe ngidinga ukubhalisa i-quadcopter? 150 esikhundleni sama-250 amagremu. [Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] // Profpv.ru: indawo. I-URL: https://
profpv.ru/zakon-o-bespilotnikah-v-rf-nuzhno-li-reg/ (kufinyelelwe 07/25/2022). - I-drone ne-quadcopter - uyini umehluko? [Isisetshenziswa se-elekthronikhi] // Slysky.ru:
iwebhusayithi. I-URL: https://slysky.ru/blog/between-dron-and-quadrocopter.html (Ifinyelelwe 07/25/2022). - Indiza yezolimo i-DJI Agras T30. [Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] // Paragraf.ru: indawo. I-URL:
https://www.paragraf.ru/product-page/agrodrone-dji-agras-t30 (date of access
07/25/2022). - Karaev VV, Nartikoeva LG Drones kwezolimo.
[Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] // Russiandrone.ru: indawo. I-URL: https://russiandrone.ru/
okushicilelwe/bespilotniki-v-selskom-khozyaystve_/ (kufinyelelwe 07/25/2022). - Sergeev K. Drones kwezolimo. // ukonga izinsiza
ezolimo. – No. 2 – 2013. - I-UAV njengesisekelo sezolimo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. [Isisetshenziswa se-elekthronikhi] // Rusdrone.ru: indawo. I-URL: https://rusdrone.ru/news/BPLAkakosnovazemlede
liyablizhayshegobudushchego/ (kufinyelelwe 07/25/2022). - Ama-drones kwezolimo. [Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] // Tadviser.ru: indawo.
I-URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Article: Drones_in_agriculture
(kufinyelelwe i-25.07.2022). - Ama-drones asetshenziswa emasimini esifunda saseSamara ukulawula ukhula.
[Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] // Agrarii.com: indawo. I-URL: https://agrarii.com/na-poljahsamarskoj-oblasti-ispolzujut-drony-dlja-borby-s-sornjakami/ (kufinyelelwe
07/25/2022). - Ama-quadrocopters ezolimo. [Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] //
Rusgeocom.ru: indawo. I-URL: https://www.rusgeocom.ru/catalog/bespilotniki-dlyaselskogo-khoziajstva (Ifinyelelwe 07/25/2022). - Ama-drones kwezolimo. [Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] // Geomir.ru:
iwebhusayithi. I-URL: https://www.geomir.ru/publikatsii/bespilotniki-v-selskom-khozyaystve/
(kufinyelelwe i-25.07.2022).