Abderahman Rejeb a , Alireza Abdollahi b , Karim Rejeb c , Horst Treiblmaier d,
- a Umnyango Wezokuphatha Nomthetho, I-Faculty of Economics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Columbia, 2, Rome 00133, Italy
- b Umnyango Wezokuphathwa Kwebhizinisi, I-Faculty of Management, Inyuvesi yaseKharazmi, 1599964511 Tehran, Iran
- c I-Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021 Bizerte, Tunisia
- d School of International Management, Modul University Vienna, Am Kahlenberg 1, 1190 Vienna, Austria
ULWAZI LWE-ATIKILI | UKUQALA |
Amagama angukhiye: drones I-UAV Ezolimo eziqondile Inthanethi Things I-Bibliometrics | I-Drones, ebizwa nangokuthi Izimoto Zasemoyeni Ezingasebenzi (UAV), zibone intuthuko emangalisayo emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Kwezolimo, bashintshe izindlela zokulima ngokunikeza abalimi ukonga izindleko ezinkulu, kwanda ukusebenza kahle, kanye nenzuzo engcono. Emashumini eminyaka adlule, isihloko sama-drones wezolimo siye saba kudonse ukunaka okumangalisayo kwezemfundo. Ngakho-ke senza isibuyekezo esibanzi esisekelwe ku-bibliometrics ukufingqa nokuhlela imibhalo yezemfundo ekhona kanye nokwembula izitayela zamanje zocwaningo nezindawo ezishisayo. Thina sebenzisa amasu e-bibliometric futhi uhlaziye izincwadi ezizungezile ama-drones ezolimo ukuze ufinyeze futhi hlola ucwaningo lwangaphambilini. Ukuhlaziya kwethu kukhombisa ukuthi ukuzwa okukude, ezolimo ezinembayo, ukufunda okujulile, ukufunda ngomshini, kanye ne-inthanethi Yezinto kuyizihloko ezibalulekile ezihlobene nama-drones ezolimo. I-co-citation ukuhlaziya kuveza amaqoqo ocwaningo ayisithupha abanzi ezincwadini. Lolu cwaningo lungomunye wemizamo yokuqala yokufingqa ucwaningo lwe-drone kwezolimo futhi luphakamise izikhombisi-ndlela zocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo. |
Isingeniso
Ezolimo zimelela umthombo wokuqala wokudla emhlabeni (Friha et al., 2021), futhi ibibhekene nezinselelo ezinzima ngenxa
ukwanda kwesidingo semikhiqizo yokudla, ukuphepha kokudla, nokukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka kanye nokubiza ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukulondolozwa kwamanzi, kanye
ukusimama (Inoue, 2020). Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubikezelwa ukuthi kuzoqhubeka njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni lilinganiselwa ukuthi lifinyelele ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.7 ngo-2050
(2019). Njengoba ezolimo ziyisibonelo esivelele sokusetshenziswa kwamanzi emhlabeni jikelele, kulindeleke ukuthi kube nesidingo sokudla namanzi
ukusetshenziswa kuzokwenyuka kakhulu esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa komanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane
okuhambisana nokuqiniswa kwemisebenzi yokulima kungaholela ezinseleleni zemvelo zesikhathi esizayo. Ngokufanayo, umhlaba olimekayo unomkhawulo, futhi
inani labalimi liyancipha emhlabeni wonke. Lezi zinselelo zigcizelela isidingo sezixazululo zokulima ezintsha nezisimeme (Elijah
et al., 2018; UFriha et al., 2021; Inoue, 2020; Tzounis et al., 2017).
Ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe benoveli kukhonjwe njengesixazululo esithembisayo sokubhekana nalezi zinselele. Ukulima okuhlakaniphile (Brewster et al.,
2017; Tang et al., 2021) kanye nezolimo ezinembayo (Feng et al., 2019; Khanna & Kaur, 2019) kuvele ngenxa yalezo mpikiswano. I
yangaphambili ingumbono ojwayelekile wokwamukela ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana (i-ICT) nezinye izinto ezintsha ezisezingeni eliphezulu emisebenzini yokulima ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle (Haque et al., 2021). Lokhu kwakamuva kugxile ekuphathweni okuqondene nendawo ethile lapho umhlaba uhlukaniswa khona
izingxenye ezilinganayo, futhi ingxenye ngayinye ithola inani eliqondile lokokufaka kwezolimo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno sezitshalo ngobuchwepheshe obusha (Feng et al., 2019; Khanna & Kaur, 2019). Ubuchwepheshe obuvelele obudonse ukunaka kwezazi kulo mkhakha buhlanganisa Amanethiwekhi Okungenantambo Kwenzwa (WSNs) (J. Zheng & Yang, 2018; Y. Zhou et al., 2016), I-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) (Gill et al., 2017; He et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2019;
amasu obuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), okuhlanganisa ukufunda komshini nokufunda okujulile (Liakos et al., 2018; Parsaeian et al., 2020; Shadrin et al.,
2019), ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha (Hsu et al., 2020; Jinbo et al., 2019; Zamora-Izquierdo et al., 2019), idatha enkulu (Gill et al., 2017; Tantalaki
et al., 2019), kanye ne-blockchain (PW Khan et al., 2020; Pincheira et al., 2021).
Ngokungeziwe kulobu buchwepheshe obalulwe ngenhla, inzwa eyirimothi ithathwe njengethuluzi lobuchwepheshe elinamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa.
ezolimo ezihlakaniphile nezinembayo. Amasathelayithi, izindiza eziqhutshwa abantu, kanye nama-drones ubuchwepheshe obudumile bokuzwa kude (Tsouros et al., 2019).
Ama-Drones, adume ngokuthi Izimoto Zezindiza Ezingalawulwa (UAVs), I-Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), kanye nezindiza ezishayelwa ukude.
ukubaluleka okukhulu njengoba zinezinzuzo eziningi uma ziqhathaniswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuzwa kude. Isibonelo, ama-drones angaletha
izithombe ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezinesinqumo esiphezulu ngezinsuku ezinamafu (Manfreda et al., 2018). Futhi, ukutholakala kwabo nesivinini sokudlulisa kuhlanganisa okunye
izinzuzo (Radoglou-Grammatikis et al., 2020). Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindiza, ama-drones abiza kakhulu futhi kulula ukuwamisa nokuyigcina (Tsouros et al., 2019). Ngaphandle kokuthi ekuqaleni isetshenziselwa izinjongo zempi, ama-drones angazuza izicelo eziningi zabantu, ngokwesibonelo ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain (A. Rejeb, Rejeb, et al., 2021a), ngezinjongo zokusiza abantu (A. Rejeb, Rejeb, et al., 2021c), ezolimo ezihlakaniphile, ukuhlola nokwenza imephu, imibhalo yamagugu amasiko, ukuphathwa kwezinhlekelele, nokongiwa kwehlathi nezilwane zasendle (Panday, Pratihast, et al., 2020). Kwezolimo, izindawo eziningi ezisetshenziswayo zama-drones zikhona njengoba zingahlanganiswa nobuchwepheshe obusha, amandla okwenza ikhompuyutha, nezinzwa zangaphakathi ukuze zisekele ukuphathwa kwezitshalo (isb, ukwenza imephu, ukuqapha, ukunisela, ukuxilonga izitshalo) (H. Huang et al., 2021) , ukuncishiswa kwezinhlekelele, izinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi, ukongiwa kwezilwane zasendle kanye namahlathi ukubala okumbalwa (Negash et al., 2019). Ngokufanayo, ama-drones angase asetshenziswe emisebenzini eminingana yezolimo, okuhlanganisa ukuqapha kwezitshalo nokukhula, ukulinganisa kwesivuno, ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwamanzi, nokhula, izinambuzane, nokutholwa kwezifo (Inoue, 2020; Panday, Pratihast, et al., 2020). Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ama-drones angasetshenziselwa ukuqapha, ukulinganisa, kanye nezinjongo zokuthola ngokusekelwe kudatha yazo yezinzwa, kodwa futhi nokunisela okunembayo kanye nokhula olunembayo, izinambuzane, nokulawulwa kwezifo. Ngamanye amazwi, ama-drones ayakwazi ukufafaza amanzi nezibulala-zinambuzane ngamanani anembile ngokusekelwe kudatha yemvelo. Izinzuzo zama-drones kwezolimo zifingqiwe kuThebula 1.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zama-drones kwezolimo.
Zuza | Izithenjwa |
Thuthukisa okwesikhashana kanye nendawo ukuzwa izinqumo | (Gago et al., 2015; Niu et al., 2020; Srivastava no-al., i-2020) |
Yenza kube lula ukunemba kwezolimo | (L. Deng et al., 2018; Kalischuk et al., 2019; Maimaitijiang et al., 2017) |
Ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlolwa kwe izitshalo | (Inoue, 2020; Kalischuk et al., 2019; Lopez- ´ Granados et al., 2016; Maimaitijiang et al., 2017; Melville et al., 2019; U-Moharana no-Dutta, 2016) |
Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo | (L. Deng et al., 2018; Guan et al., 2019) |
Ukuqapha isomiso | (Fawcett et al., 2020; Panday, Pratihast, et al., 2020; Su et al., 2018) |
Ukulinganisa kwe-biomass | (Bendig et al., 2014) |
Isilinganiso sesivuno | (Inoue, 2020; Panday, Shrestha, et al., 2020; Tao no-al., i-2020) |
Ukunciphisa izinhlekelele | (Negash et al., 2019) |
Ukongiwa kwezilwane zasendle kanye amahlathi | (Negash et al., 2019; Panday, Pratihast, et al., 2020) |
Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwamanzi | (Inoue, 2020; J. Su, Coombes, et al., 2018; L. U-Zhang et al., 2019) |
Izinambuzane, ukhula, nezifo ukutholwa | (Ga-sparovic et al., 2020; Inoue, 2020; J. Su, Liu, et al., 2018; X. Zhang et al., 2019) |
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-drones abhekana nokulinganiselwa. Ukubandakanyeka komshayeli wendiza, amandla enjini, ukuzinza nokuthembeka, ikhwalithi yezinzwa ngenxa yomthwalo okhokhelwayo
ukulinganiselwa kwesisindo, izindleko zokuqalisa, kanye nokulawulwa kwezindiza, kuphakathi kwazo (C. Zhang & Kovacs, 2012). Siqhathanisa amaphutha
kobuchwepheshe obuthathu benzwa obukude kuThebula lesi-2. Obunye ubuchwepheshe benzwa obukude, njengezinzwa zomhlabathi, bungaphezu kokugxilile kwalolu cwaningo.
Ukushiyeka kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokuzwela okukude.
Ukuzwa okukude technologies | Ukungaphumeleli | Okubhekwayo |
I-Drone (UAV) | Ukubandakanyeka komshayeli; izithombe' ikhwalithi (isilinganiso); izindleko zokusebenzisa (isilinganiso); ukuzinza, ukuhamba kahle, kanye ukwethembeka; ukumisa; amandla enjini; amandla alinganiselwe imithombo (ukuphila isikhathi eside kwebhethri); ubude bendiza obulinganiselwe, ukushayisana kanye nokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi; okulinganiselwe isisindo somthwalo wokukhokha; amasethi edatha amakhulu kanye nokucutshungulwa kwedatha okulinganiselwe amakhono; ukuntuleka kokulawula; ukungabi namakhono, ukungena okuphezulu izithiyo ekufinyeleleni ama-drones ezolimo; | (Bacco et al., 2018; Dawaliby et al., 2020; I-Hardin & Hardin, 2010; I-Hardin & UJensen, 2011; Lagkas et al., 2018; Laliberte et al., 2007; Laliberte & Rango, 2011; U-Manfreda et al., 2018, 2018; Nebiker et al., 2008; I-Puri et al., 2017; Velusamy et al., 2022; C. Zhang & Kovacs, 2012) |
Isathelayithi | Ukufakwa kwesathelayithi ngezikhathi ezithile, ukulungiswa okulinganiselwe kwe-spectral; ukuba sengozini ezindabeni zokubonakala (isb, amafu); Ukungatholakali kanye nesivinini sokudlulisa esiphansi; orientation kanye vignetting imiphumela idatha yendawo ebizayo iqoqo; ukulethwa kwedatha okuhamba kancane isikhathi sokuqeda abasebenzisi | (Aboutalebi et al., 2019; Cen et al., 2019; U-Chen et al., 2019; Nansen & Elliott, 2016; Panday, Pratihast, et al., 2020; Sai Vineeth no-al., i-2019) |
Aircraft | Izindleko eziphezulu zokutholwa; ukusetha okuyinkimbinkimbi; izindleko zesondlo; ukungatholakali okuthembekile izindiza, i-geometry ye izithombe; idatha engajwayelekile ukutholwa; ukuntula ukuguquguquka; izingozi ezibulalayo; idatha yenzwa ukuhlukahluka ngenxa yokudlidliza; Izinkinga ze-georeferencing | (U-Armstrong et al., 2011; Atkinson et al., 2018; I-Barbedo & Koenigkan, 2018; Kovalev & Voroshilova, 2020; Suomalainen et al., 2013; UThamm et al., 2013) |
Njengobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene kanye nezinhloso eziningi kwezolimo, ama-drones aphenywe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, izazi zihlole izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-drone kwezolimo (Kulbacki et al., 2018; Mogili & Deepak, 2018), iqhaza labo kwezolimo olunembayo (Puri et al., 2017; Tsouros et al., 2019), ukuhambisana kwazo nezinye. ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu (Al-Thani et al., 2020; Dutta & Mitra, 2021; Nayyar et al., 2020; Saha et al., 2018), kanye namathuba okuthuthukisa amakhono abo okuzulazula nawokuzwa (Bareth et al. , 2015; Suomalainen et al., 2014). Njengoba ucwaningo ngokusetshenziswa kwe-drone kwezolimo seludlangile (Khan et al., 2021)), kunesidingo sokufingqa izincwadi ezikhona futhi kuvezwe ukwakheka kobuhlakani besizinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengenkambu yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu enentuthuko eqhubekayo, ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kufanele kwenziwe ukuze ngezikhathi ezithile kufinyezwe izincwadi ezikhona futhi kuhlonzwe izikhala ezibalulekile zocwaningo. Kuya
Usuku, kukhona ukubuyekezwa okumbalwa okuxoxa ngezicelo ze-drone emkhakheni wezolimo. Isibonelo, i-Mogili no-Deepak (2018) babuyekeze kafushane imithelela yedrones ekuqaphelweni kwezitshalo kanye nokufuthwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. U-Inoue (2020) wenza ukubuyekezwa kokusetshenziswa kwesathelayithi ne-drone ekuzweleni okukude kwezolimo. Umbhali uhlola izinselelo zobuchwepheshe zokwamukela ukulima okuhlakaniphile kanye neminikelo yamasathelayithi nama-drones okusekelwe ezifundweni nezindlela ezihamba phambili. Tsouros et al. (2019) ifingqa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-drones kanye nezicelo zazo eziyinhloko kwezolimo, zigqamisa ukutholwa kwedatha nezindlela zokucubungula. Muva nje, u-Aslan et al. (2022) yenze ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezicelo ze-UAV emisebenzini yezolimo futhi yagcizelela ukubaluleka kokwenziwa kwasendaweni ngasikhathi sinye kanye nokwenza imephu ye-UAV endaweni ebamba ukushisa. UDiaz-Gonzalez et al. (2022) ubuyekeze izifundo zakamuva zokukhiqizwa kwesivuno ngokusekelwe kumasu okufunda omshini ahlukene nokukude
izinhlelo zokuzwa. Ukuthola kwabo kubonise ukuthi ama-UAV awusizo ukulinganisa izinkomba zenhlabathi futhi enze kangcono kunezinhlelo zesathelayithi ngokulungiswa kwendawo, isikhathi solwazi, kanye nokuguquguquka. Basiri et al. (2022) wenze isibuyekezo esigcwele sezindlela nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokunqoba izinselele zokuhlela izindlela zama-UAV anamarotha amaningi kumongo wokulima ngokunemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Awais et al. (2022) ifinyeze ukusetshenziswa kwedatha ye-UAV yenzwa ekude ezitshalweni ukuze ilinganisele isimo samanzi futhi inikeze ukuhlanganiswa okujulile komthamo ongase ube khona we-UAV yenzwa ekude yokusetshenziswa kokucindezeleka kwemfucuza. Ekugcineni, u-Aquilani et al. (2022) kubuyekezwe ubuchwepheshe bokulima obusetshenziswa ngaphambili ezinhlelweni zemfuyo esuselwe emadlelweni futhi bathola ukuthi ukuzwa okukude okunikwe amandla ama-UAV kunenzuzo ekuhloleni kwe-biomass nokuphathwa komhlambi.
Futhi, imizamo yokusebenzisa ama-UAV ekuqapheni, ekulandeleleni, nasekuqoqeni imfuyo isanda kubikwa.
Nakuba lezi zibuyekezo ziveza ulwazi olusha nolubalulekile, akukho ukubuyekeza okuphelele nokuhambisana nesikhathi okusekelwe kubhalomethrikhi engatholakala ezincwadini, okuveza igebe elicacile lolwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwashiwo ukuthi lapho ukukhiqizwa kwezazi kukhula emkhakheni wesayensi, kubaluleka kubacwaningi ukuthi basebenzise izindlela zokuhlola inani lokuqonda ukwakheka kolwazi lwesizinda (Rivera & Pizam, 2015). Ngokufanayo, uFerreira et al. (2014) wathi njengoba imikhakha yocwaningo ikhula futhi iba nzima, izazi kufanele zihlose ukwenza umqondo ngezikhathi ezithile zolwazi olukhiqizwa futhi oluqoqwe ukuze lwembule iminikelo emisha, luthwebule amasiko nezitayela zocwaningo, luhlonze ukuthi yiziphi izihloko ezifundwayo, futhi lujule olwazini lwesakhiwo solwazi. umkhakha kanye nezikhombisi-ndlela zocwaningo ezingaba khona. Nakuba u-Raparelli no-Bajocco (2019) benza ukuhlaziya kwe-bibliometric ukuhlola isizinda solwazi sokusetshenziswa kwe-drone kwezolimo namahlathi, ucwaningo lwabo lubheka kuphela ucwaningo lwezazi olushicilelwe phakathi kuka-1995 no-2017, olungabonisi amandla ale ndawo ehamba ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababhali abazange bazame ukuhlonza iminikelo enethonya elikhulu emkhakheni, bahlanganise izincwadi, futhi bahlole isakhiwo sobuhlakani besebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-co-citation. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi kufinyezwe izincwadi ukuze kuvezwe ifoci yocwaningo lwamanje, izitayela, kanye nezindawo ezishisayo.
Ukuze sigcwalise lesi sikhala solwazi, sisebenzisa indlela yobuningi kanye nezindlela eziqinile ze-bibliometric ukuhlola isimo samanje socwaningo ezimpambanweni zama-drones nezolimo. Siphikisa ngokuthi ucwaningo lwamanje lwenza iminikelo eminingana ezincwadini ezikhona ngokuhlola ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa obudingeka kakhulu kwezolimo njengoba bunikeza amandla amakhulu okuguqula izici ezimbalwa kulo mkhakha. Isidingo sokuhlaziywa kwe-bibliometric yama-drones ezolimo sizwakala nakakhulu uma kubhekwa ulwazi oluhlakazekile noluhlukene lwama-drones ngaphakathi komongo wezolimo. Ngokufanayo, izincwadi eziphathelene nama-drones ezolimo kudingeka ukuthi zihlanganiswe ngokuhlelekile, kucatshangelwa izifundo ezinethonya elikhulu ezakha isisekelo salo mkhakha wocwaningo. Ukufaneleka ekuhlaziyeni kufaka phakathi ukucaciswa kwezindikimba zocwaningo ezimqoka ezivezwe emibhalweni. Uma sicabangela amandla okuguqula ubuchwepheshe, sicabanga ukuthi ukuhlaziya okujulile kwenethiwekhi kuveza ulwazi olusha ngokuthola imisebenzi enethonya kanye nokwembula izindikimba eziphathelene namandla e-drones kwezolimo.
Ngakho-ke silwela ukufeza lezi zinhloso zocwaningo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlonzwa kokushicilelwe okunamandla okunegalelo elivelele ekusetshenzisweni kwe-drone emkhakheni wezolimo.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwemibhalo, ukuhlonza okugxilwe kukho kocwaningo, kanye nokwenza imephu kocwaningo oluyinhloko 'lwesakhiwo sobuhlakani' okusekelwe ekufananeni kwe-semantic ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-co-citation.
- Ukuqonda ukuvela kokuxhumana namanethiwekhi okucaphuna ngokuhamba kwesikhathi phakathi kokushicilelwe okuhlukahlukene emkhakheni kanye nokuhlonza izinkombandlela zocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo nezihloko ezishisayo.
Iphepha elisele lihlelwe kanje: isigaba sesi-2 siveza indlela kanye nezinyathelo zokuqoqwa kwedatha; isigaba sesi-3 sihlinzeka ngemiphumela yocwaningo; futhi isigaba sesi-4 sixoxa ngokutholakele futhi siphetha ngeminikelo yocwaningo, imithelela, neziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo.
Indlela yokusebenzisa
Kulolu cwaningo lwamanje, senza ukuhlaziya kwe-bibliometric ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwe-drone kwezolimo. Le ndlela yokulinganisa yembula ukwakheka kobuhlakani besizinda solwazi (Arora & Chakraborty, 2021) kanye nesimo samanje, izihloko ezishisayo, nezikhombisi-ndlela zocwaningo zesikhathi esizayo ezingaphenywa ngokusebenzisa le ndlela (Kapoor et al., 2018; Mishra et al. , 2017; A. Rejeb, et al., 2021b; A. Rejeb et al., 2021d; Ngokuvamile, ukuhlaziywa kwe-bibliometric kuhlola izincwadi ezikhona ukuze kufinyezwe futhi kwembule amaphethini afihliwe okuxhumana okubhaliwe kanye nokuvela kwesiyalo okusekelwe kwizibalo nezindlela zezibalo, futhi kusebenza kumasethi amakhulu wedatha (Pritchard, 2020; Small, 1969; Tahai & Rigsby , 1999). Ngokusebenzisa i-bibliometrics, sifisa ukuqonda kangcono ama-paradigms akhona kanye nefoci yocwaningo enikela esizindeni esisekelwe ekufananeni (Thelwall, 1998). I-Bibliometrics ihlinzeka ngemininingwane emisha esekelwa amandla omthamo wenhloso wendlela yokusebenza (Casillas & Acedo, 2008). Izazi eziningi ngaphambilini zenze izifundo ze-bibliometric ezizindeni ezihlobene, okubandakanya ezolimo, ukuzwa okukude, kanye noguquko lwedijithali (Armenta-Medina et al., 2007; Bouzembrak et al., 2020; A. Rejeb, Treiblmaier, et al., 2019; Wamba & Queiroz, 2021; Wang et al., 2021).
Ukuhlaziywa kwengcaphuno
Ukuhlaziywa kwengcaphuno kuveza imininingwane ehlukahlukene emkhakheni othile wocwaningo. Okokuqala, kusiza ukuveza ababhali abanethonya elikhulu kanye nokushicilelwe okunikela emkhakheni othile wocwaningo futhi kube nomthelela omkhulu (Gundolf & Filser, 2013). Okwesibili, ukugeleza kolwazi kanye nezixhumanisi zokuxhumana phakathi kwababhali kungadalulwa. Ekugcineni, ngokulandelela izixhumanisi phakathi kwemisebenzi ecashuniwe necashuniwe, umuntu angahlola izinguquko nokuvela kwesizinda solwazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (Pournader
et al., 2020). Izinombolo ezicashuniwe eziphezulu zokushicilelwe zibonisa ukuhambisana kwayo kanye negalelo elikhulu esizindeni socwaningo (Baldi, 1998; Gundolf & Filser, 2013; Marinko, 1998). Ukuhlaziywa kwengcaphuno kokushicilelwe futhi kusiza ukuhlonza imisebenzi efanele futhi kulandelelwe ukuduma kwayo nenqubekela phambili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-co-citation yedokhumenti
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-co-citation kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kokushicilelwe kanye nokubonisa ukwakheka kobuhlakani benkambu (Nerur et al., 2008). Ngamanye amazwi, ngokuhlonza izincwadi ezicashunwe kakhulu kanye nokuxhumana kwazo, indlela ihlanganisa ukushicilela kube amaqoqo ahlukene ocwaningo lapho okushicilelwe kuyiqoqo kuhlale kubelana ngemibono efanayo (McCain, 1990; Small, 1973). Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ukufana akusho ukuthi okutholwe ezincwadini kunjalo
ukuhlangana nokuvumelana komunye nomunye; okushicilelwe kungokweqoqo elifanayo ngenxa yokufana kwesihloko, kodwa kungaba nemibono ephikisanayo.
Ukuqoqwa kwedatha nokuhlaziywa
Ngokulandela indlela ehlongozwe ngu-White noGriffith (1981), senze uphenyo olunzulu lwama-athikili ephephabhuku ukuze sihlanganise sonke isizinda socwaningo sezicelo ze-drone kwezolimo, siphishekele lezi zinyathelo ezinhlanu ezilandelayo:
- Isinyathelo sokuqala kwaba ukuqoqwa kwedatha. I-Scopus ikhethwe njengenye yemininingwane ebanzi nethembekile enemiphumela esezingeni. Imethadatha yokushicilelwe ehlobene nazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-drone kwezolimo itholiwe. Sabe sesihlaziya ama-athikili akhethiwe, sasusa ama-athikili angekho esihlokweni ekuhlaziyweni.
- Sihlaziye izincwadi futhi sathola amagama angukhiye abaluleke kakhulu asetshenziswa endaweni yocwaningo.
- Sisebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwengcaphuno, sihlole ukuxhumana phakathi kwababhali namadokhumenti ukuze siveze amaphethini engcaphuno ayisisekelo. Siphinde sahlonza ababhali nezincwadi ezinethonya elikhulu abanegalelo elikhulu emkhakheni wama-drones ezolimo.
- Senze ukuhlaziya kokucashunwa ndawonye ukuze siqoqe ukushicilelwa okufanayo kube amaqoqo.
- Ekugcineni, sihlaziye ukuxhumana nokuxhumana phakathi kwamazwe, izikhungo, namajenali ukukhombisa inethiwekhi yokusebenzisana.
Ukuhlonza amagama okusesha afanelekile
Sisebenzise lezi zinhlamvu zosesho ezilandelayo ukuze sihlanganise idatha: (i-drone* NOMA “imoto yasemoyeni engaphethwe muntu” NOMA uav* NOMA “isistimu ye-aircraf engenamuntu” NOMA uas NOMA “indiza eshayelwa ukude”) KANYE (nezolimo NOMA ezolimo NOMA ukulima NOMA umlimi). Ukusesha kwenziwa ngoSepthemba 2021. Ama-Drones anegama elithile, okuhlanganisa i-UAV, i-UAS, nendiza eshayelwa ukude (Sah et al., 2021). Amagama okusesha athile ahlobene nezolimo akhonjwe ngokususelwa ocwaningweni luka-Abdollahi et al. (2021). Ukuze kucace futhi kucace, umbuzo oqondile esiwusebenzisile unikezwe kuSithasiselo 1. Ngokulandela inqubo yokuhlanza idatha, sidale ifayela lombhalo elalayishwa kamuva ku-BibExcel, ithuluzi elivamile lokuhlaziya izingcaphuno kanye nokuhlaziya ngokuhlanganyela. Leli thuluzi futhi linikeza ukuxhumana okulula namanye ama-software futhi linikeza izinga elibalulekile lenkululeko ekuphatheni nasekuhlaziyeni idatha. Inguqulo ye-VOSviewer 1.6.16 isetshenziselwe ukubona ngeso lengqondo lokho okutholiwe futhi kwakhiwe amanethiwekhi e-bibliometric (Eck & Waltman, 2009). I-VOSviewer inikezela ngohlu lokubonwayo okunembile, ikakhulukazi ukuhlaziya amamephu e-bibliometric (Geng et al., 2020). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyasiza ekuhlinzekeni ngemiphumela ebonakalayo ecacile esiza ekuqondeni kangcono imiphumela (Abdollahi et al., 2021). Sisebenzisa uchungechunge lokusesha njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, siqoqe futhi sagcina zonke izincwadi ezifanele. Imiphumela yosesho yokuqala iveze isamba semibhalo eyi-5,085. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yesampula ekhethiwe, izihloko zejenali ezibuyekezwe ngontanga kuphela ezicatshangelwe ocwaningweni, okuholele ekukhishweni kwezinye izinhlobo zemibhalo, njengezincwadi, izahluko, ukuqhubeka kwengqungquthela, namanothi okuhlela. Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlola, okungabalulekile (okungukuthi, ngaphezu kobubanzi balo msebenzi), okungafuneki (okungukuthi, izimpinda ezivela ekukhombeni okukabili), nokushicilelwe okungakhulumi isiNgisi kwahlungwa. Le nqubo iholele ekufakweni kwemibhalo ye-4,700 ekuhlaziyeni kokugcina.
Okutholakele nezingxoxo
Ukuqala, sihlaziye intuthuko ekukhishweni kokushicilelwa ezincwadini zamanje zama-drones ezolimo. Ukusatshalaliswa kwesikhashana kocwaningo lwezazi kuboniswa ku-Fig. 1. Sibona ukwanda okusheshayo kokushicilelwe kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2011 (izincwadi ezingama-30) kuye phambili; ngakho-ke, sinqume ukuhlukanisa isikhathi sokuhlaziya sibe izigaba ezimbili ezihlukene. Sibhekisela esikhathini esiphakathi kuka-1990 no-2010 njengesigaba sokwakha, esasinamaphepha acishe abe yisikhombisa ashicilelwe minyaka yonke. Isikhathi sangemva kuka-2010 sibizwe ngesigaba sokukhula njengoba ucwaningo lwezicelo ze-drone kwezolimo lwabona ukwanda okukhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Ngemuva kuka-2010, inani elikhulayo lokushicilelwe liqinisekisa intshisekelo ekhulayo phakathi kwabacwaningi, ephinde ibonise ukuthi ama-drones asetshenziswe ekuzweni okukude futhi asetshenziswa kwezolimo ezinembayo (Deng et al., 2018; Maes & Steppe, 2019; Messina & Modica, 2020 ). Ngokucacile, inani lokushicilelwe likhuphuke lisuka ku-108 ngo-2013 laya ku-498 ngo-2018 futhi lafinyelela inani eliphakeme labangu-1,275 ngo-2020. Ingqikithi yama-athikili angu-935 yanyatheliswa phakathi kukaJanuwari maphakathi no-September 2021. Ngemva kwalokho, sakhetha ukugxila ekuhlaziyeni kwethu kakhulu esigabeni sokukhula. njengoba lesi sikhathi sibonisa ubuqili bamuva futhi ezibalulekile zama-drones ezolimo.
Ukuhlaziya amagama angukhiye
Ababhali bamagama angukhiye abakhetha ukushicilelwa aba nomthelela obalulekile wokuthi iphepha limelelwa kanjani nokuthi lidluliselwa kanjani emiphakathini yesayensi. Bahlonza izihloko ezibalulekile zocwaningo futhi banqume amandla alo okuchumisa noma ukuhluleka (Usuku & Gastel, 1998.; Kim et al., 2016; Uddin et al., 2015). Ukuhlaziywa kwamagama angukhiye, ithuluzi lokuveza izitayela nezikhombisi-ndlela zocwaningo, kubhekise ekuhlanganisweni kwamagama angukhiye akho konke okushicilelwe okuhlobene esizindeni (Dixit & Jakhar, 2021). Ocwaningweni lwamanje, sihlukanise amagama angukhiye ahlanganisiwe aba amasethi amabili (okungukuthi, kuze kube ngu-2010 nango-2011–2021) ukuze sihlole izihloko ezidume kakhulu. Ngokwenza lokhu, singakwazi ukulandelela amagama angukhiye abalulekile kuwo womabili amasethi futhi siqinisekise ukuthi sithwebule yonke idatha edingekayo. Kusethi ngayinye, amagama angukhiye ayishumi aphezulu anikezwa kuThebula 3. Sisuse ukungahambisani ngokuhlanganisa amagama angukhiye afanayo ngokwe-semantically, njengokuthi “drone” kanye “nedrones” noma, ngokufanayo, “I-inthanethi Yezinto” kanye “ne-IoT.”.
Ithebula lesi-3 libonisa ukuthi "imoto yasemoyeni engenamuntu" igama elingukhiye elisetshenziswa kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nethi "drone" kanye "nohlelo lwendiza olunganamuntu" kuzo zombili izikhathi. Futhi, "inzwa ekude," "ukulima ngokunemba," kanye "nezolimo" zibalwa kakhulu kuzo zombili lezi zikhathi. Esiwombeni sokuqala, “ukulima okunembayo” kukleliswe endaweni yesihlanu, futhi kukleliswe endaweni yesibili ngesikhathi sesibili, okukhombisa ukuthi ama-drones abaluleke kangakanani ekufezeni ukulima okunembayo njengoba ekwazi ukwenza ukuqapha,
ukutholwa, kanye nezinqubo zokulinganisa ngokushesha, ezishibhile, futhi kulula ukuzenza uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amasistimu enzwa akude kanye nasekelwe phansi. Futhi, bangafafaza inani eliqondile lokokufaka (isb, amanzi noma izibulala-zinambuzane) lapho kudingeka (Guo et al., 2020; Inoue, 2020; Panday, Pratihast, et al., 2020).
Uhlu lwamagama angukhiye asetshenziswa kakhulu.
Isibalo | 1990-2010 | Cha izenzakalo | 2011-2021 | Cha izenzakalo |
1 | emoyeni ongenamuntu imoto | 28 | okungenamuntu imoto yasemoyeni | 1628 |
2 | ukuqonda okude | 7 | ngokunemba ezolimo | 489 |
3 | ezolimo | 4 | ukuqonda okude | 399 |
4 | sisemoyeni | 4 | Drone | 374 |
5 | ngokunemba ezolimo | 4 | okungenamuntu uhlelo lwasemoyeni | 271 |
6 | emoyeni ongenamuntu | 4 | ezolimo | 177 |
7 | i-hyperspectral inzwa | 3 | ukufunda okujulile | 151 |
8 | i-neural yokwenziwa amanethiwekhi | 2 | umshini yokufunda | 149 |
9 | indiza ezimele | 2 | izimila Index | 142 |
10 | ikhofi | 2 | I-inthanethi ye Izinto | 124 |
Esinye isici esithakazelisayo ubukhona bobuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo. Esigabeni sokuqala, "Inzwa ye-Hyperspectral" kanye "namanethiwekhi we-neural okwenziwayo" (ANN) aphakathi kwamagama angukhiye ayishumi aphezulu. I-Hyperspectral imaging iguqule ukuthwebula kwendabuko ngokuqoqa inani elikhulu lezithombe ngamaza ahlukahlukene. Ngokwenza kanjalo, izinzwa zingaqoqa kanyekanye ulwazi olungcono lwendawo nolwe-spectral uma kuqhathaniswa nesithombe se-multispectral, i-spectroscopy, nesithombe se-RGB (Adao ˜ et al.,
2017). Ukwenzeka kwe-“ANN” esigabeni sokuqala kanye “nokufunda okujulile” (DL) kanye “nokufunda ngomshini” (ML) kwesesibili kusho ukuthi iningi lemisebenzi eshicilelwe igxile ekuhloleni amandla amasu e-AI e-drone- ezolimo ezisekelwe. Yize ama-drones ekwazi ukundiza ngokuzenzakalelayo, asadinga ukubandakanyeka komshayeli wendiza, okusho izinga eliphansi lobuhlakani bedivayisi. Kodwa-ke, le nkinga ingaxazululwa ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwamasu e-AI, anganikeza ukuqwashisa okungcono kwesimo nokusekelwa kwezinqumo ezizimele. Ifakwe i-AI, ama-drones angagwema ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokuzulazula, athuthukise inhlabathi nokuphathwa kwezitshalo (Inoue, 2020), futhi anciphise ukusebenza nengcindezi kubantu (BK Sharma et al., 2019).
Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwabo kanye nekhono lokusingatha inani elikhulu ledatha engaqondile, amasu e-AI ayindlela efanelekile yokuhlaziya idatha edluliswa ama-drones nezinye izinhlelo ezinzwa kude nezisekelwe phansi zokubikezela nokwenza izinqumo (Ali et al., 2015; Inoue, 2020). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwe-“IoT” esikhathini sesibili kukhombisa indima yayo evelayo kwezolimo. I-IoT iguqula ezolimo ngokuxhumanisa obunye ubuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa ama-drones, i-ML, i-DL, ama-WSN, nedatha enkulu. Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuqalisa i-IoT amandla ayo okuhlanganisa ngempumelelo nangempumelelo imisebenzi ehlukahlukene (ukutholwa kwedatha, ukuhlaziya idatha nokucutshungulwa, ukwenza izinqumo, nokusebenzisa) maduze nje (Elijah et al., 2018; Feng et al. , 2019; Muangprathub et al., 2019). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-drones athathwa njengamathuluzi asebenzayo okuthwebula idatha edingekayo ekubaleni amandla nezimila zezitshalo (Candiago et al., 2015). I-Fig. 2a kanye ne-2b ibonisa igama elingukhiye lamanethiwekhi okwenzeka ngokubambisana kuzo zombili izikhathi.
Ababhali abanethonya
Kulesi sigaba, sinquma ababhali abanamandla futhi sihlola ukuthi amanethiwekhi acashunwe ababhali angabona kanjani ngeso lengqondo futhi ahlele izincwadi zamanje. Umdwebo 3 ubonisa imbondela yokulandelana kwezikhathi zabo bonke abacwaningi abanenani eliphezulu lezingcaphuno. Isikali sombala sibonisa ukuhluka okuhlakaniphile konyaka kwezingcaphuno zababhali. Sihlola ukwakheka kwengcaphuno yabacwaningi abashicilele izifundo ngama-drones ezolimo ngokusebenzisa umkhawulo wokucashunwa okungenani okungu-50 nokushicilelwe okuyishumi. Koku
Ababhali abangu-12,891, bangu-115 kuphela abahlangabezane nalesi simo. Ithebula lesi-4 libala ababhali abaphezulu abayishumi abanethonya, abahlungwe ngenani eliphakeme lezingcaphuno. U-Lopez- Granados F. uhola uhlu ngezingcaphuno ezingu-1,963, elandelwa yi-Zarco-Tejada PJ enezingcaphuno ezingu-1,909.
Uhlu lwababhali abacashunwe kakhulu.
usezingeni | Umbhali | ukucashunwa |
1 | I-Lopez-Granados ´ F. | 1,963 |
2 | Zarco-Tejada PJ | 1,909 |
3 | Phena ˜ JM | 1,644 |
4 | I-Torres-S' anze J. | 1,576 |
5 | Fereres E | 1,339 |
6 | U-Remondino F | 1,235 |
7 | Bolten A | 1,160 |
8 | UBareth G | 1,155 |
9 | Berni JA | 1,132 |
10 | de Castro AI | 1,036 |
Uma kukhulunywa ngokushicilelwe ngakunye, indatshana ka-Zhang no-Kovacs (2012) kube wucwaningo olucashunwe kakhulu olushicilelwe ku-Precision Agriculture. Lapha, ababhali babuyekeze ukusetshenziswa kwe-UAS kwezolimo olunembayo. Okutholwe ocwaningweni lwabo kusikisela ukuthi kunesidingo sokuqhubekisela phambili ukwakheka kweplathifomu, ukukhiqizwa, ukumiswa kwesithombe se-georeferencing, kanye nokuhamba komsebenzi kokubuyiswa kolwazi ukuze kuhlinzekwe abalimi ngemikhiqizo yokugcina ethembekile. Ukwengeza, batusa ukubandakanya umlimi ngokuqinile, ikakhulukazi ekuhlelweni kwensimu, ukuthwebula izithombe, kanye nokuchazwa kwedatha nokuhlaziya. Okubalulekile, lolu cwaningo lwaluphakathi kokuqala ukukhombisa ukubaluleka kwe-UAV ekudwebeni kwemephu yasensimini, imephu yamandla, ukulinganisa okuqukethwe kwamakhemikhali, ukuqapha ukucindezeleka kwezitshalo, nokuhlolwa kwemiphumela yomanyolo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Izinselele ezihlobene nobuchwepheshe futhi zihlanganisa izindleko ezinqatshelwe, amandla enzwa, ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwenkundla, ukuntuleka kokumiswa, kanye nenqubo engaguquki yokuhlaziya amanani amakhulu edatha.
Ukuhlaziywa kwengcaphuno
Ukuhlaziywa kwengcaphuno kumelela ukufundwa komthelela wama-athikili, nakuba kuthambekele ekugelezeni (isb., ukuchema kwengcaphuno, ukuzicaphuna) kuthathwa njengelinye lamathuluzi ajwayelekile okuhlola umthelela (Osareh, 1996; A. Rejeb et al., 2022; USarli et al., 2010). Izingcaphuno ziphinde zibonise ukubaluleka nobungqabavu beminikelo yamaphepha ezincwadini ngesihloko esithile (R. Sharma et al., 2022). Senze ukuhlaziya okucashuniwe ukuze sithole izifundo ezinethonya elikhulu kuma-drones ezolimo futhi safingqa okuqukethwe. Ithebula lesi-5 lethula uhlu lwamaphepha ayishumi nanhlanu anethonya elikhulu ezinkathini zika-1990–2010 kanye no-2011–2021. Imibhalo kaBerni et al. (2009)b kanye no-Austin (2010) yibo abacashunwe kakhulu phakathi kuka-1990 no-2010, ngezingcaphuno ezingama-831 nezingu-498, ngokulandelana. UBerni et al. (2009)b ibonise amandla okuthuthukisa imikhiqizo eminingi yokubona ukude nge-UAV esekelwe endizeni enophephela emhlane efakwe izinzwa ezithengekayo ezishisayo nezinebhande elincane le-multispectral. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzwa zomdabu zasemoyeni ezinomuntu, isistimu ye-UAV ebiza kancane yezolimo iyakwazi ukuzuza izilinganiso eziqhathanisekayo zemingcele ye-biophysical yezitshalo, uma kungenjalo kangcono. Izindleko ezithengekayo kanye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza, okuhambisana nezinqumo eziphezulu ze-spectral, indawo, nezesikhashana ezitholakalayo ngesikhathi sokushintsha ngokushesha, kunikeza ama-UAV afanelekela uhla lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuphathwa kwesikhathi esibucayi, okuhlanganisa ukuhlela ukuchelela, nokulima ngokunemba. Iphepha elivela kuBerni et al. (2009)b kucashunwe kakhulu ngoba ihlanganise ngempumelelo inkundla ye-rotary-wing engaphethwe muntu kanye nezinzwa zedijithali nezishisayo ezinezindlela ezidingekayo zokulinganisa zezinhlelo zezolimo. Ukushicilelwa kwesibili okucashunwe kakhulu yincwadi ebhalwe ngu-Austin (2010), owaxoxa ngama-UAV kusukela ekuklanyweni, ekuthuthukisweni, nasekusetshenzisweni kwemibono. Kwezolimo, ama-UAV asekela ukuqapha izitshalo ngokubona izifo kusenesikhathi ngokushintsha umbala wezitshalo, enze kube lula ukuhlwanyela kwezitshalo nokufutha, nokuqapha nokuqhuba imihlambi.
Izifundo zikaSullivan et al. (2007), uLumme et al. (2008), kanye no-Gokto ¨ ǧan et al. (2010) qedela uhlu lwezihloko ezicashunwe kakhulu eziyishumi nanhlanu. Lezi zihloko zibonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-UAV ukuze zisekele ezolimo. Banikeza izixazululo zezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, njengokuqapha izitshalo nokuskena, ukubhekwa nokuphatha ukhula, nokusekelwa kwezinqumo. Baphinde baphakamise futhi baxoxe ngekhono le-UAV lokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamasampula kanye nokusiza abalimi ekuklameni okunembayo nangempumelelo
amasu okutshala. Amaphepha amabili abhalwe nguBerni (Berni et al., 2009b; Berni et al., 2009a), egcizelela umthelela wakhe obalulekile ocwaningweni oluhlobene ne-drone yezolimo. Iphepha elivela ku-Zarco-Tejada et al. (2014) ube phakathi kwezifundo zokuqala ukukhombisa isidingo sokusebenzisa izithombe ze-UAV ezibiza kancane ekubalweni kobude besihlahla.
Uhlu lwezincwadi ezicashunwe kakhulu.
Isibalo | Kusuka ku-1990 kuya ku-2010 | Kusuka ku-2011 kuya ku-2021 | ||
Idokhumenti | ukulandisa | Idokhumenti | ukulandisa | |
1 | (Berni et al., 2009b) | 831 | (C. Zhang & Kovacs, 2012) | 967 |
2 | (U-Austin, 2010) | 498 | (Nex & Remondino, 2014) | 893 |
3 | (Hunt et al., 2010) | 331 | (Floreano & Wood, 2015) | 552 |
4 | (SR Herwitz et al., 2004) | 285 | (Hossein Motlagh et al., 2016) | 391 |
5 | (CCD Lelong et al., 2008) | 272 | (Shakhatreh et al., 2019) | 383 |
6 | (Berni et al., 2009b) | 250 | (Ma et al., 2017) | 373 |
7 | (Grenzdorffer ¨ et al., 2008) | 198 | (Bendig et al., 2014) | 360 |
8 | (Hrabar et al., 2005) | 175 | (Zarco-Tejada et al., 2014) | 347 |
9 | (Y. Huang et al., 2009) | 129 | (Isikhangiso et al., 2017) | 335 |
10 | (Schmale III et al., 2008) | 119 | (Honkavaara et al., I-2013a) | 331 |
11 | (Abd-Elrahman et al., 2005) | 79 | (Candiago et al., 2015) | 327 |
12 | (Techy et al., 2010) | 69 | (Xiang & Tian, 2011) | 307 |
13 | (Sullivan et al., 2007) | 51 | (Matese et al., 2015) | 303 |
14 | (Lumme et al., 2008) | 42 | (Gago et al., 2015) | 275 |
15 | (Gokto ¨ ǧan et al., 2010) | 40 | (U-Aasen et al., 2015a) | 269 |
Esikhathini sesibili (2011-2021), ucwaningo luka-Zhang no-Kovacs (2012) no-Nex no-Remondino (2014) luholele ekushicilelweni okuvame ukucashunwa. U-Zhang no-Kovacs (2012) baphikisa ngokuthi ukunemba kwezolimo kungazuza ekusebenziseni amasu nezinzwa ze-geospatial, njengezinhlelo zolwazi lwendawo, i-GPS, nama-remote sensing, ukuze kuthwebule ukuhluka emkhakheni futhi kusingathwe ngokusebenzisa amanye amasu. Njengoguquko kwezolimo olunembayo, ukwamukelwa kwama-drones kumemezele inkathi entsha ekuzweleni okukude, ukwenza lula ukubonwa kwasemoyeni, ukuthwebula idatha yokukhula kwezitshalo, izimo zomhlabathi, nezindawo zokufafaza. Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Zhang and Kovacs (2012) kuyinselele njengoba inikeza imininingwane kuma-UAV ngokudalula ukusetshenziswa nezinselelo ezikhona zalawa madivayisi ekuqaphelweni kwemvelo kanye nezolimo olunembayo, njengokulinganiselwa kweplathifomu namakhamera, izinselele zokucubungula idatha, ukuzibandakanya kwabalimi, kanye nemithetho yezokundiza. . Owesibili
ucwaningo olucashunwe kakhulu oluvela ku-Nex and Remondino (2014) lubuyekeze isimo sobuciko be-UAV ukuze kuthathwe, ukucubungula, nokuhlaziya izithombe zomhlaba.
Umsebenzi wabo ubuye wethule ukubuka konke kwezinkundla ze-UAV ezimbalwa, izinhlelo zokusebenza, namacala okusebenzisa, okubonisa intuthuko entsha ekucutshungulweni kwezithombe ze-UAV. Kwezolimo, abalimi bangasebenzisa ama-UAV ukuze benze izinqumo eziphumelelayo zokuzuza izindleko nokonga isikhathi, bathole irekhodi elisheshayo nelinembile lomonakalo, futhi balindele izinkinga ezingaba khona. Ngokuphambene nezinkundla ezivamile zasemoyeni, ama-UAV anganciphisa izindleko zokusebenza futhi anciphise ingozi yokufinyelela ezindaweni ezinokhahlo kuyilapho elondoloza ukunemba okuphezulu okungenzeka. Iphepha labo lifingqa izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zama-UAV, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokunemba nokuxazulula.
Phakathi kwezincwadi ezisele eziyishumi nantathu ezicashunwe kakhulu phakathi kuka-2011 no-2021, siqaphele ukugxila okukhulu ocwaningweni oluxhunywe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-drone emisebenzini yokucabanga (Bendig et al., 2014; Ma et al., 2017; Zarco-Tejada et al., 2014) , ukulima okunembayo (Candiago et al., 2015; Honkavaara et al., 2013a), ukunemba kwe-viticulture (Matese et al., 2015), ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwamanzi (Gago et al., 2015), nokuqapha izitshalo (Aasen et al. , 2015a). Eminyakeni yokuqala, abacwaningi bagxila
okwengeziwe ekuthuthukiseni amasistimu ezolimo angabizi kakhulu, angasindi, futhi anembe nge-UAV; ucwaningo lwakamuva lugxile kakhulu ekubuyekezweni kwezicelo ze-UAV kwezolimo nokuhlolwa kwezindawo. Kafushane, lokhu kuhlaziya kuveza ukuthi okushicilelwe okunomthelela esikhathini esiningi kuhlinzeke ngokubuyekezwa kocwaningo lwangaphambili ukuze kuhlolwe isimo samanje sesayensi nezobuchwepheshe sama-UAV kanye nezinhlelo ze-UAV ezithuthukisiwe ukuze zisekele ukunemba kwezolimo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi asizange sithole izifundo ezisebenzise i-empirical
izindlela noma izifundo ezichazayo, ezakha igebe elibalulekile lolwazi futhi zidinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-co-citation
Ngokuka-Gmür (2006), ukuhlaziya ngokuhlanganyela kuhlonza ukushicilelwa okufanayo futhi kukuhlanganise. Ukuhlola ngokucophelela iqoqo kungaveza umkhakha ofanayo wocwaningo phakathi kokushicilelwe. Siphenya ukucashunwa ngokubambisana kwezincwadi eziphathelene nama-drones ezolimo ukuze sibonise izindawo ezihlobene nezihloko futhi sithole amaphethini obuhlakani bokushicilelwa. Mayelana nalokhu, u-Small (1973) uncome ukusetshenziswa kohlaziyo lwe-cocitation ukuze kufundwe ucwaningo olunomthelela omkhulu nolusezingeni eliphezulu.
ngaphakathi kwesiyalo. Ukuze sikhawulele isethi kuma-athikili amancane kakhulu (i-Goyal & Kumar, 2021), simisa umkhawulo wokucashunwa ngokuhlanganyela ongu-25, okusho ukuthi ama-athikili amabili kufanele akhulunywe ndawonye kuhlu lwereferensi lokushicilelwe okuhlukile okungu-25 noma ngaphezulu. Ukuhlanganisa kuphinde kwenziwa ngobuncane bosayizi weqoqo 1 futhi ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi indlela yokuhlanganisa amaqoqo amancane namakhudlwana. Ngenxa yalokho, amaqoqo ayisithupha akhiqizwa ngokusekelwe ekufananeni kwezifundo kanye nesakhiwo sazo sobuhlakani. Ithebula lesi-6 libonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezincwadi kuqoqo ngalinye.
I-Cluster 1: Leli qoqo liqukethe imibhalo eyishumi nesishiyagalombili eshicilelwe ngemva Okushicilelwe kuleli qoqo kuxoxa ngendima yama-drones ekusekeleni ukuqapha kwemvelo, ukuphathwa kwezitshalo, nokulawulwa kokhula. Ngokwesibonelo, uManfreda et al. (2018) ihlinzeka ngesifinyezo socwaningo lwamanje kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-UAV ekuqaphelweni kwemvelo yemvelo yezolimo futhi ithi ubuchwepheshe bunikeza amandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa ukuqapha kwemvelo nokunciphisa.
igebe elikhona phakathi kokubhekwa kwenkundla nomoya ovamile kanye nokuzwa okukude emkhathini. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokunikeza umthamo omusha wokuthola kabusha kwesikhashana okuthuthukisiwe kanye nemininingwane yendawo ezindaweni ezinkulu ngendlela ethengekayo. Ama-UAV angakwazi ukuzwa njalo indawo ezungezile futhi athumele idatha ewumphumela ezinhlanganweni ezihlakaniphile, ezimaphakathi/ezihlukaniselwe izindawo ezilawula izinzwa ukuze zihlonze izinkinga ekugcineni, njengokuntuleka kwezifo noma ukutholwa kwamanzi (Padua ´ et al., 2017). Adao ˜ et al. (2017) bacabanga ukuthi ama-UAV alungele ukuhlola izimo zezitshalo ngokuthwebula umthamo omkhulu wedatha eluhlaza ehlobene nesimo samanzi, ukulinganisa kwe-biomass, nokuhlola amandla. Izinzwa ezifakwe ku-UAV zingase futhi zisetshenziswe ngokushesha ezimweni ezifanele zemvelo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuthwebula ngesikhathi kwedatha yenzwa ekude (Von Bueren et al., 2015). Ngokusebenzisa ama-UAV, abalimi bayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokulima ngaphakathi endlini ngokuthola izilinganiso kunoma iyiphi indawo endaweni enezinhlangothi ezintathu zezindawo zokulima zasendlini (isb., izindawo zokugcina ukushisa), ngaleyo ndlela baqinisekise ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu sendawo kanye nokuqapha izitshalo (Roldan ´ et al ., 2015). Esimeni sokunemba
ezolimo, izinqumo zokuphathwa kwezitshalo zidinga idatha yezitshalo enembile, ethembekile enokulungiswa okufanelekile kwesikhashana nendawo (Gebbers & Adamchuk, 2010; Gevaert et al., 2015; Maes & Steppe, 2019). Ngalesi sizathu, u-Agüera Vega et al. (2015) isebenzise isistimu yezinzwa eziningi ezifakwe ku-UAV ukuze ithole izithombe zesitshalo sikabhekilanga ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ngokufanayo, u-Huang et al. (2009) qaphela ukuthi inzwa ekude esekelwe kuma-UAV ingasiza ukukalwa kwezitshalo nomhlabathi kusuka kudatha ye-spectral eqoqiwe. Verger et al. (2014) ithuthukise futhi yahlola indlela yokulinganisa inkomba yendawo eluhlaza (GAI) kusukela kuzilinganiso zokubonakala kwe-UAV ekusetshenzisweni kwezolimo okunembayo, okugxile kukolo nezitshalo ezidlwenguliwe. Ngakho-ke, ama-drones ahlinzeka ngamathuba amasha okuthola kabusha imininingwane yesimo sezitshalo ngokuphinda uvakashele kanye nokulungiswa okuphezulu kwendawo (Dong et al., 2019; Garzonio et al., 2017; H. Zheng et al., 2016).
Ukuhlanganiswa kokushicilelwe okunomthelela kuma-drones ezolimo.
Cluster | Itimu ebanzi | Okubhekwayo |
1 | Ukuqapha imvelo, isivuno ukuphatha, ukuphatha ukhula | (Isikhangiso ao et al., 2017; I-Agüera Vega et al., 2015; de Castro et al., 2018; Gomez-Cand ´ on ´ et al., 2014; YB U-Huang et al., 2013; Khanal et al., 2017; Lopez-Granados, ´2011; U-Manfreda et al., 2018; P' adua et al., 2017; Pena ˜ et al., 2013; Perez-Ortiz et al., 2015; Rasmussen et al., 2013, 2016; I-Torres-S' anchez et al., 2014; Torres-Sanchez, ´ Lopez-Granados, ´ & Pena, ˜ 2015; U-Verger et al., 2014; Von Bueren et al., 2015; C. Zhang & Kovacs, 2012) |
2 | I-phenotyping ekude, isivuno isilinganiso, imodeli yendawo yokunqampuna, ukubalwa kwezitshalo | (Bendig et al., 2013, 2014; Geipel et al., 2014; I-Gnadinger ¨ & Schmidhalter, 2017; I-Haghighattalab et al., 2016; Holman et al., 2016; Jin et al., 2017; W. Li et al., 2016; Maimaitijiang et al., 2017; I-Sankaran et al., 2015; Schirrmann et al., 2016; Shi et al., 2016; Yue et al., 2017; X. U-Zhou et al., 2017) |
3 | Isithombe esishisayo samanzi, izithombe ze-multispectral | (Baluja et al., 2012; Berni et al., 2009b; Berni et al., 2009a; e-Candiago et al., 2015; Gago et al., 2015; Gonzalez-Dugo et al., 2013, 2014; Grenzdorffer ¨ et al., 2008; Khaliq et al., 2019; Matese et al., 2015; Ribeiro-Gomes et al., 2017; Santesteban et al., 2017; Uto et al., 2013) |
4 | I-hypersectral imaging, i-spectral ukucabanga | (Aasen et al., 2015a; Bareth et al., 2015; Hakala et al., 2013; U-Honkavaara et al., 2013a; Lucieer et al., 2014; Saari et al., 2011; Suomalainen et al., 2014) |
5 | Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-3D-Mapping | (Jimenez-Brenes et al., 2017; Nex & Remondino, 2014; Salami et al., 2014; I-Torres-S' anchez, Lopez- ´ Granados, Serrano, et al., 2015; Zahawi et al., 2015; Zarco-Tejada no-al., i-2014) |
6 | Ukugadwa kwezolimo | (SR Herwitz et al., 2004; Hunt et al., 2010; CCD Lelong et al., 2008; I-Primicerio et al., 2012; Xiang & Tian, 2011) |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-drones awusizo emisebenzini eyinselele kwezolimo, okuhlanganisa nokwenza imephu yokhula. Izithombe ezithwetshulwe ngamadivayisi afakazele ukuthi ziwusizo ekutholweni kokhula kusenesikhathi emasimini (de Castro et al., 2018; Ji'enez-Brenes et al., 2017; Lam et al., 2021; Lopez-Granados ´ et al., 2016; Rozenberg et al., 2021). Mayelana nalokhu, u-de Castro et al. (2018) bacabanga ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezithombe ze-UAV kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kwesithombe Okusekelwe Entweni (OBIA) kwenze odokotela bakwazi ukunqoba inkinga yokuzenzakalela ukutholwa kusenesikhathi ezitshalweni zakuqala zesizini yotshani, okuyigxathu elikhulu eliya phambili ocwaningweni lokhula. Ngokufanayo, uPena ˜ et al. (2013) iveza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ze-ultra-high spatial resolution ezivela ku-UAV ngokuhambisana nenqubo ye-OBIA kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza amabalazwe okhula ezitshalweni zommbila zakuqala ezingasetshenziswa ekuhleleni ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokulawula ukhula phakathi nesizini, umsebenzi ongaphezu kwamandla esathelayithi nezithombe zendabuko zasemoyeni. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwezithombe noma ama-algorithms okuthola into, amasu okuhlukanisa ama-semantic asebenza kangcono emisebenzini yokwenza imephu yokhula (J. Deng et al., 2020), ngaleyo ndlela anikeze amandla abalimi ukuthi babone izimo zensimu, banciphise ukulahlekelwa, futhi bathuthukise isivuno phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokukhula (Ramesh et al., 2020). Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-semantic okusekelwe ekufundeni okujulile kungahlinzeka ngesilinganiso esinembile sekhava yezitshalo kusukela ezithombeni zasemoyeni ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu (Ramesh et al., 2020; A. Zheng et al., 2022). Naphezu kwamandla abo okukude
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-pixel ekuzwayo, amasu okuhlukanisa ama-semantic adinga ukubala okubalulekile kanye nememori ye-GPU ephakeme ngokunqatshelwe (J. Deng et al., 2020).
Ngokusekelwe ekufundeni komshini kanye ne-UAV, Perez-Ortiz et al. (2015) uphakamise indlela yokwenza imephu yokhula ukuze kuhlinzekwe amasu okulawula ukhula endaweni ethile lapho abalimi besebenzisa ukulawulwa kokhula ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ekugcineni, u-Rasmussen et al. (2013) igcizelele ukuthi ama-drones ahlinzeka ngezinzwa ezingabizi ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kokuxazulula indawo. Sekukonke, okushicilelwe kuleli qoqo kugxile ekuhloleni amandla e-UAV ukuze asekele inzwa ekude, ukuqapha izitshalo, kanye nokwenza imephu yokhula. Kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe olujulile ukuze kuqhutshekwe kuphenywe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwedrone ekuqapheni imvelo, ukuphathwa kwezitshalo, kanye nemephu yokhula kungafeza kanjani ezolimo ezisimeme (Chamuah & Singh, 2019; Islam et al., 2021; Popescu et al., 2020; J .Su, Liu, et al., 2018) futhi babhekane nezinkinga zokuphatha lobu buchwepheshe kuzicelo zomshwalense wezitshalo (Basnet & Bang, 2018; Chamuah & Singh, 2019, 2022; Meinen & Robinson, 2021). Abacwaningi kufanele bagxile ekuqinisekiseni izilinganiso eziqoqiwe ze-UAV ngamasu okucubungula asebenzayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokugcina yedatha ecutshunguliwe (Manfreda et al., 2018). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-algorithms afanelekile abona amaphikseli abonisa ukhula ezithombeni zedijithali futhi asuse ingemuva elingabalulekile ngesikhathi sokwenza imephu yokhula ye-UAV kuyadingeka (Ga ˇsparovi′c et al., 2020; Hamylton et al., 2020; H. Huang et al. , 2018, 2020; Lopez- ´ Granados et al., 2016). Ucwaningo olwengeziwe mayelana nokwamukelwa kwamasu okuhlukanisa ama-semantic ekubonweni kwezitshalo, ukuhlukaniswa kwamaqabunga, kanye nemephu yezifo kuyamukeleka (Fuentes-Pacheco et al., 2019; Kerkech et al., 2020).
I-Cluster 2. Okushicilelwe kuleli qoqo kugxile ezicini ezimbalwa zama-drones ezolimo. Ihlobene ne-phenotyping ekude, i-Sankaran et al. (2015) ubuyekeze amandla okusebenzisa izithombe zasemoyeni ezisezingeni eliphansi, ezinesinqumo esiphezulu nama-UAV ukuze uthole i-phenotyping esheshayo yezitshalo ensimini, futhi baphikisa ngokuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkundla zokuzwa ezisekelwe phansi, ama-UAV amancane anezinzwa ezanele anikeza izinzuzo eziningana. , njengokufinyelela kalula enkambini, idatha enesinqumo esiphezulu, ukuqoqwa kwedatha okuphumelelayo,
ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwezimo zokukhula kwensimu, nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ababhali baphinde baqaphele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwe-UAV ye-phenotyping yasensimini kuncike ezintweni ezimbili ezibalulekile, okungukuthi, izici ze-UAV (isb, ukuphepha, ukuzinza, ukuma, ukuzimela) kanye nezici zezinzwa (isb, ukulungiswa, isisindo, ubude be-spectral, inkambu. umbono). Haghighattalab et al. (2016) uphakamise ipayipi lokucubungula isithombe elizenzakalelayo ukuze kutholwe idatha yezinga lesakhiwo ezithombeni ze-UAV futhi kusheshiswe inqubo yokuzalanisa. Holman et al. (2016) ithuthuke kakhulu
i- throughput field phenotyping system futhi yagqamisa ukuthi i-UAV iyakwazi ukuqoqa idatha ye-phenotypic yekhwalithi, i-voluminous, yasendle, nokuthi idivayisi iyasebenza ezindaweni ezinkulu nasezindaweni zonkana ezihlukahlukene.
Njengoba ukulinganisa kwesivuno kuwucezu lolwazi olubaluleke ngendlela emangalisayo, ikakhulukazi uma lutholakala ngesikhathi, kunethuba lokuthi ama-UAV anikeze zonke izilinganiso zenkundla futhi athole ngempumelelo idatha yekhwalithi ephezulu (Daakir et al., 2017; Demir et al., 2018) ; Enciso et al., 2019; Kulbacki et al., 2018; Mayelana nalokhu, uJin et al. (2012) usebenzise ithuba lesithombe sokucaca okuphezulu esitholwe ama-UAV ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ukuze athuthukise futhi ahlole indlela yokulinganisa ukuminyana kwezitshalo zikakolweni esigabeni sokuvela. Ngokusho kwababhali, ama-UAV anqoba imikhawulo yezinhlelo ze-rover ezifakwe amakhamera futhi amele indlela engahlaseli ukulinganisa ukuminyana kwezitshalo ezitshalweni, okuvumela abalimi ukuthi bafeze ukukhiqiza okuphezulu okudingekayo kwe-phenotyping yasensimini ngaphandle kokuhamba komhlabathi. Li et al. (2017) iqoqe amakhulukhulu ezithombe ze-stereo ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu kakhulu kusetshenziswa isistimu esekwe ku-UAV ukulinganisa imingcele yommbila, okuhlanganisa ubude be-canopy kanye ne-biomass engaphezulu komhlaba. Ekugcineni, u-Yue et al. (2016) ithole ukuthi ukuphakama kwesitshalo okunqunywa kuma-UAV kungathuthukisa isilinganiso se-overground biomass (AGB).
Indlela yokuqapha ukukhula kwezitshalo umqondo wokuthuthukisa amamodeli angaphezulu kwezitshalo (Bendig et al., 2014, 2015; Holman et al., 2016; Panday, Shrestha, et al., 2020; Sumesh et al., 2021). Ucwaningo oluningana lugqamise ukuba nokwenzeka kwezithombe ezithathwe ku-UAV ukuze zithwebule ubude bezitshalo futhi ziqaphe ukukhula kwazo. Isibonelo, u-Bendig et al. (2013) ichaze ukuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli angaphezulu kwezitshalo zesikhashana ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu kakhulu okungaphansi kuka-0.05 m kusetshenziswa i-UAV. Babehlose ukubona izitshalo
ukushintshashintsha kokukhula kanye nokuncika kwayo ekwelashweni kwezitshalo, icultivar, kanye nengcindezi. Bendig et al. (2014) basebenzise ama-UAV ukulinganisa i-biomass entsha neyomile ngokusekelwe ekuphakameni kwesitshalo okukhishwe kumamodeli angaphezulu kwendawo yezitshalo futhi bathola ukuthi, ngokungafani nezinkundla zasemoyeni nokuskena nge-laser yasemhlabeni, izithombe ezinesinqumo esiphezulu ezivela kuma-UAV zingakhuphula kakhulu ukunemba kwemodeli yobude besitshalo ukuze kukhule okuhlukile. izigaba. Ngendlela efanayo, uGeipel et al. (2014) basebenzise ama-UAV ocwaningweni lwabo ukuze bathole izithombe
amasethi wedatha wesivuno sommbila abikezela isivuno ezigabeni ezintathu ezihlukene zokukhula kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube maphakathi nesizini futhi waphetha ngokuthi inhlanganisela yemodeli ye-spectral ne-spatial esekelwe emifanekisweni yasemoyeni namamodeli angaphezulu kwezitshalo kuyindlela efanelekile yokubikezela isivuno sommbila phakathi nesizini. Ekugcineni, u-Gnadinger ¨ no-Schmidhalter (2017) bahlole ukusetshenziswa kwe-UAV ekunembeni kwe-phenotyping futhi bagqamisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe kungathuthukisa ukuphathwa kwepulazi futhi kuvumele ukuhlolwa kwensimu ngezinjongo zokuzalanisa nezolimo. Sekukonke, siyabona ukuthi okushicilelwe ku-cluster 2 kugxile ezinhlelweni eziyinhloko zama-UAV akude.
i-phenotyping, isilinganiso sesivuno, imodeli yendawo yezitshalo, nokubala kwezitshalo. Izifundo zesikhathi esizayo zingamba zijule ngokwakha izindlela ezintsha ze-phenotyping ekude engakwazi ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ithuthukise ukucutshungulwa kwedatha ezwa ukude (Barabaschi et al., 2016; Liebisch et al., 2015; Mochida et al., 2015; S. Zhou et al. ., 2021). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwezinzwa ze-IoT ezifakwe kuma-UAV kanye nokuhwebelana phakathi kwezindleko zabo, abasebenzi, kanye nokunemba kokulinganisa kwesivuno kudingeka kucwaningwe
esizayo (Ju & Son, 2018a, 2018b; Xie & Yang, 2020; Yue et al., 2018). Ekugcineni, kunesidingo sokuthuthukisa izindlela ezisebenzayo zokucubungula izithombe ezingakhiqiza ulwazi oluthembekile, ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, futhi kuncishiswe umsebenzi wokubala ngesandla wabalimi (RU Khan et al., 2021; Koh et al., 2021; Lin & Guo, 2020; C. Zhang et al., 2020).
I-Cluster 3. Okushicilelwe kuleli qoqo kuxoxa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokuthatha izithombe zokuzwa ukude kwezinsiza zezolimo ezisetshenziswa kumapulatifomu e-UAV. Mayelana nalokhu, ukucabanga okushisayo kuvumela ukuqashwa kwamazinga okushisa angaphezulu ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezitshalo nokubona ingcindezi yesomiso kusenesikhathi (Awais et al., 2022; García-Tejero et al., 2018; Sankaran et al., 2015; Santesteban et al., 2017; Yeom, 2021). Baluja et al. (2012) wagomela ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera abonisa izinto eziningi kanye namakhamera ashisayo ebhodini
I-UAV inike amandla abacwaningi ukuthi bathole izithombe ezinesinqumo esiphezulu futhi bahlole isimo samanzi omvini. Lokhu kungaba wusizo ekuthuthukiseni amamodeli okuhlela amanzi anoveli kusetshenziswa idatha yenzwa ekude (Baluja et al., 2012). Ngenxa ye-
umthamo wokulayisha olinganiselwe wama-UAV, u-Ribeiro-Gomes et al. (2017) icabangele ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhamera ashisayo angapholi ku-UAVS ukuze kunqunywe ukucindezelwa kwamanzi ezitshalweni, okwenza lolu hlobo lwama-UAV lusebenze kahle futhi lusebenze kunenzwa eyirimothi esekelwe kusathelayithi kanye nama-UAV afakwe amakhamera apholile ashisayo. Ngokusho kwababhali, amakhamera ashisayo angapholisiwe alula kunamakhamera apholile, adinga ukulinganiswa okufanele. UGonzalez-Dugo et al. (2014) ibonise ukuthi izithombe ezishisayo zikhiqiza ngempumelelo amamephu wendawo wezinkomba zokucindezeleka kwamanzi ezitshalo ukuze kuhlolwe isimo samanzi kanye nokulinganisa ukucindezelwa kwamanzi phakathi nangaphakathi kwamasimu ezithelo ezisawolintshi. UGonzalez-Dugo et al. (2013) kanye noSantesteban et al. (2017) iphenye ukusetshenziswa kwesithombe esishisayo se-UAV esinokulungiswa okuphezulu ukuze kulinganisele ukuhlukahluka kwesimo samanzi sensimu yezithelo yokuthengisa kanye nesivini.
I-imaging ye-Multispectral ingahlinzeka ngedatha enkulu uma iqhathaniswa nezithombe zendabuko ze-RGB (Okubomvu, Okuluhlaza, Nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) (Ad˜ ao et al., 2017; Navia et al., 2016). Le datha ye-spectral, kanye nedatha yendawo, ingasiza ekuhlukaniseni, kumephu, ukubikezela, ukubikezela, kanye nezinjongo zokuthola (Berni et al., 2009b). Ngokusho kukaCandiago et al. (2015), imaging ye-UAV esekelwe ezintweni eziningi ingaba negalelo elikhulu ekuhlolweni kwezitshalo kanye nezolimo ezinembayo njengesisetshenziswa esithembekile nesisebenza kahle. Futhi,
Khaliq et al. (2019) wenze ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwesathelayithi ne-UAV-based imaging multispectral. Izithombe ezisuselwe ku-UAV ziholele ekuchazeni ukuhlukahluka kwesivini kanye namamephu wamandla wokumela ama-canopies ezitshalo. Kafushane, izindatshana ezikuleli qoqo zixoxa ngokufakwa kwezinzwa ze-imaging ezishisayo neze-multispectral kuma-UAV ezolimo. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi izithombe ezishisayo kanye ne-multispectral zingahlanganiswa kanjani ne-AI
amasu (isb, ukufunda okujulile) ukuthola ingcindezi yezitshalo (Ampatzidis et al., 2020; Ampatzidis & Partel, 2019; Jung et al., 2021; Santesteban et al., 2017; Syeda et al., 2021). Ukuqonda okunjalo kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa okusebenza kahle kakhulu nokunembe kanye nokuqapha ukukhula kwezitshalo, ingcindezi, kanye ne-phenology (Buters et al., 2019; Cao et al., 2020; Neupane & BaysalGurel, 2021; L. Zhou et al., 2020).
I-Cluster 4. Leli qoqo liqukethe amaphepha ayisikhombisa azungeza indima ebalulekile ye-spectral imaging kanye ne-hyperspectral imaging ekusekeleni izinqubo zezolimo. I-Hyperspectral imaging izenzele yona njengendlela yokuzwa okukude eyenza ukuhlolwa komthamo wesistimu yomhlaba (Schaepman et al., 2009) .Ukunemba kakhudlwana, kunika amandla ukuhlonza izinto ezingaphezulu, ukulinganisa (isihlobo) ukugxila, kanye ukwabiwa kwezilinganiso zezingxenye ezingaphezulu
ngaphakathi kwamaphikseli axubile (Kirsch et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2022). Ngamanye amazwi, ukulungiswa okuphezulu kwe-spectral okuhlinzekwa yizinhlelo ze-hyperspectral kunika amandla ukulinganisa okunembe kakhudlwana kwemingcele ehlukahlukene, njengezakhiwo zemifino noma okuqukethwe kwamanzi amaqabunga (Suomalainen et al., 2014). Abacwaningi kuleli qoqo baphenye izici ezihlukahlukene zezinhlelo ezinjalo. Phakathi kwabanye, u-Aasen et al. (2015b) inikeze indlela eyingqayizivele yokuthola ulwazi lwe-hyperspectral olunezinhlangothi ezintathu kusuka ku-lightweight.
amakhamera wesithombe-skrini asetshenziswa kuma-UAV ukuqapha uhlaza. Lucieer et al. (2014) kuxoxwe ngokuklama, ukuthuthukiswa, nokusebenza kwasemoyeni kwenoveli ye-hyperspectral UAS kanye nokulinganisa, ukuhlaziya, nokuchazwa kwedatha yesithombe eqoqwe nayo. Ekugcineni, u-Honkavaara et al. (2013b) ithuthukise indlela ebanzi yokucubungula yezithombe ze-spectral ezisekelwe ku-FabryPerot interferometer futhi yabonisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunqubo yesilinganiso se-biomass yezolimo ezinembayo. Izindlela ezingaba khona zesikhathi esizayo zaleli qoqo lamanje zihlanganisa ukugcizelela isidingo sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kubuchwepheshe bezinzwa (Aasen et al., 2015b) kanye nesidingo sokuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo, idatha enkulu ngokukhethekile kanye nezibalo (Ang & Seng, 2021; Radoglou -Grammatikis et al., 2020; Shakoor et al., 2019). Lokhu kwakamuva kuvela kakhulu kudatha ekhula njalo ekhiqizwa izinzwa ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo ezihlakaniphile (C. Li & Niu, 2020; A. Rejeb et al., 2022; Y. Su & Wang, 2021).
I-Cluster 5. Okushicilelwe kuleli qoqo kuhlole izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuselwa ku-drones-based 3Dmapping. Ukusebenzisa ama-drones ukwenza imephu ye-3D kungadambisa umsebenzi wasensimini oyinkimbinkimbi futhi kwandise ukusebenza kahle kakhulu (Torres-Sanchez ´ et al., 2015). Izihloko ezinhlanu zeqoqo zazigxile kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokuqapha izitshalo. Isibonelo, ukuze uthole idatha enezinhlangothi ezintathu mayelana nendawo ye-canopy, ubude besihlahla, nevolumu yomqhele, i-Torres-Sanchez ´ et al. (2015) isebenzise ubuchwepheshe be-UAV ukuze ikhiqize amamodeli angaphezulu kwedijithali bese kuba nezindlela zokuhlaziya izithombe ezisuselwa kwinto (OBIA). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uZarco-Tejada et al. (2014) ubude bomuthi obulinganiselwe ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-UAV nezindlela ezintathu-ntathu zokwakha kabusha isithombe. Ji'enez-Brenes Lopez-Granados, ´ De Castro, et al. (2017) ibonise inqubo entsha ye-multi-temporal, ukuqapha kwe-3D kwenqwaba yezihlahla zomnqumo ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-UAV nendlela ethuthukisiwe ye-OBIA. Izindlela ezithakazelisayo zemisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo kuleli qoqo zihlanganisa noma ukuthuthukisa okwamanje
izindlela (Zarco-Tejada et al., 2014) ngezinjongo zokumodela indawo yedijithali (Ajayi et al., 2017; Jaud et al., 2016), njenge-OBIA (de Castro et al., 2018, 2020; Ventura et al. , 2018), kanye nokwakha kabusha izithombe noma izindlela zokuthuthukisa inoveli (Díaz-Varela et al., 2015; Torres-S' anchez et al., 2015).
I-Cluster 6. Leli qoqo lixoxa ngendima yama-drones ekuqashweni kwezolimo. Ama-UAV angagcwalisa futhi anqobe ukushiyeka kwezithombe zesathelayithi nezindiza. Isibonelo, bangahlinzeka ngokulungiswa okuphezulu eduze kwesithombe sesikhathi sangempela ngophethiloli omncane noma izinselele zokushayela, okuholela ekuqashweni okuqhubekayo nesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuthatha izinqumo (S. Herwitz et al., 2004). Omunye umnikelo obalulekile wama-UAV yikhono lawo lokuhlinzeka ngedatha eqondene nendawo ethile yokulima okunembayo noma ukulima okuqondene nendawo ethile njengokulungiswa kwawo okuphezulu, idatha enemininingwane mayelana nemingcele ehlukahlukene ivumela abalimi ukuthi bahlukanise umhlaba ube izingxenye ezifanayo futhi baziphathe ngokufanele (Hunt et al. , 2010; CC Lelong et al., 2008; Primicerio et al., 2012). Ukubhekwa okunjalo kwezolimo okusekelwe ku-UAV kungasekela ukuqapha kokuphepha kokudla kanye nokwenza izinqumo (SR Herwitz et al., 2004). Ukuqhubekisela phambili ucwaningo ekuqashweni kwezolimo, hhayi nje kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa, ama-UAV, nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuhlobene nezindlela zabo zokuxhumana nezindlela zokudlulisa idatha ezidingekayo (Ewing et al., 2020; Shuai et al., 2019), kodwa futhi nokuhlanganisa ama-drones nezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene maqondana nezolimo ezihlakaniphile, njengokuqapha, ukubhekwa kwezolimo, kanye nokwenza izinqumo, kuyindawo yocwaningo engase ibe namandla aphezulu (Alsamhi et al., 2021; Popescu et al., 2020; Vuran et al., 2018). Mayelana nalokhu, i-IoT, ama-WSNs, nedatha enkulu inikezela ngamakhono ahambisanayo athokozisayo (van der Merwe et al., 2020). Izindleko zokusebenzisa, ukonga izindleko, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, nokuvikeleka kwedatha kuphakathi kwezindawo ezingacwaningiwe kahle zokuhlanganiswa okunjalo (Masroor et al., 2021).
Amazwe nezikhungo zemfundo
Isinyathelo sokugcina sasihlanganisa ukuphenywa kwezwe lendabuko kanye nezinhlangano zezemfundo zababhali. Ngalokhu kuhlaziya, sihlose ukuqonda kangcono ukusatshalaliswa kwezindawo zezifundiswa ezifaka isandla ekusetshenzisweni kwama-drones kwezolimo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuqaphela ukuhlukahluka kwamazwe nezikhungo zemfundo. Ngokombono wezwe, i-USA, China, India, ne-Italy zikleliswe phezulu ohlwini ngokwenani lokushicilelwe (Ithebula lesi-7). Okwamanje
ucwaningo lwama-drones ezolimo lugxile kakhulu emazweni aseNyakatho Melika nase-Asia, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuzibandakanya kwawo okuphezulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezolimo okunembayo. Isibonelo, e-USA, imakethe yama-drones ezolimo ilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-841.9 USD ngonyaka ka-2020, okubalelwa cishe ku-30% wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke (ReportLinker, 2021). Ikleliswa njengomnotho omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, i-China ibikezelwa ukuthi izofinyelela usayizi wemakethe olinganiselwa ku-2.6 billion USD ngonyaka ka-2027. Leli zwe linxusa ama-drones ezolimo ukuze anqobe izinkinga zokukhiqiza futhi athole isivuno esingcono, ukuncishiswa kwemisebenzi, kanye nokokufaka okuncane kokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe eShayina nakho kuqhutshwa yizinto ezifana nobukhulu besibalo sabantu kanye nesidingo sokusungula nokuthuthukisa izindlela ezikhona zokuphatha izitshalo.
Amazwe aphezulu akhiqiza kakhulu namanyuvesi/izinhlangano ezifaka isandla
ucwaningo oluhlobene ne-drone yezolimo.
Isibalo | amazwe |
1 | USA |
2 | China |
3 | India |
4 | Italy |
5 | Spain |
6 | Germany |
7 | Brazil |
8 | Australia |
9 | Japan |
10 | i-United Kingdom |
Isibalo | Amanyuvesi/ Izinhlangano |
1 | I-Chinese Academy yeSayensi |
2 | Umnyango Wezolimo wase-People's Republic of China |
3 | UMkhandlu Ophakeme Wophenyo Lwesayensi |
4 | I-Texas A & M University |
5 | I-China Agricultural University |
6 | I-USDA Agricultural Research Service |
7 | I-CSIC – Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible IAS |
8 | I-Purdue University |
9 | UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wocwaningo |
10 | ISouth China Agricultural University |
Ngokombono wenyuvesi nowenhlangano, i-Chinese Academy of Sciences ihamba phambili ohlwini ngokwenani lokushicilelwe, ilandelwa uMnyango Wezolimo wase-People's Republic of China kanye ne-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. I-Chinese Academy of Sciences imelwe ngababhali uLiao Xiaohan no-Li Jun; U-Han Wenting umele uMnyango Wezolimo wase-People's Republic of China; kanye ne-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas imelwe ngu-Lopez-Granados, ´ F. kanye no-Pena, ˜ Jose María S. Ovela e-USA, amanyuvesi afana ne-Texas A&M University kanye ne-Purdue University athola amanyuvesi awo.
khuluma. Amanyuvesi anenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokushicilelwe nokuxhumana kwawo kuboniswe ku-Fig. 4. Ukwengeza, lolu hlu luhlanganisa izikhungo ezifana ne-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche kanye ne-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas ezisebenzayo ocwaningweni lwesayensi, kodwa okungezona izikhungo zemfundo. .
Ukukhetha kwethu kwakuhlanganisa amajenali anhlobonhlobo, ahlanganisa cishe yonke idatha etholakalayo. Njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula lesi-8, i-Remote Sensing enama-athikili angama-258 ifinyelela phezulu, ilandelwa yi-Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Theory and Applications ene-126 kanye ne-Computer and Electronics kwezolimo enezindatshana ezingama-98. Ngenkathi i-Remote Sensing igxile kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwama-drones, Amakhompiyutha kanye ne-Electronics kweZolimo ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa inqubekelaphambili yezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha, isofthiwe, i-electronics, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula kwezolimo. Izitolo ezihlukene, ezifana ne-IEEE Robotics kanye ne-Automation Letters enezincwadi ezingu-87 kanye ne-IEEE Access enezincwadi ezingu-34, nazo ziyizindawo ezihamba phambili kulo mkhakha. Izitolo eziyishumi nanhlanu eziphezulu zifaka isandla ezincwadini ezinamadokhumende angama-959, okungama-20.40% azo zonke izincwadi. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-co-catation yejenali kusenza sikwazi ukuhlola ukubaluleka nokufana phakathi kokushicilelwe. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-co-citation kuveza amaqoqo amathathu, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Fig. 5. Iqoqo elibomvu liqukethe amajenali afana ne-Remote Sensing, Ikhompyutha kanye ne-Electronics Kwezolimo, Izinzwa,
kanye ne-International Journal of Remote Sensing. Zonke lezi zitolo zingamajenali ahlonishwa kakhulu ezindaweni zokuzwa okukude kanye nezolimo olunembayo. Iqoqo eliluhlaza liqukethe amajenali akhuluma ngamarobhothi, njengeJournal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Theory and Applications, IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, IEEE Access, kanye neDrones. Lezi zitolo ngokuvamile zishicilela amaphepha e-automation futhi ziwusizo konjiniyela bezolimo. Iqoqo lokugcina lakhiwa amajenali ahlobene ne-agronomy nobunjiniyela bezolimo, njenge-Agronomy kanye ne-International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering.
Amajenali aphezulu ayi-15 ocwaningweni oluhlobene ne-drone yezolimo.
Isibalo | Journal | Bala |
1 | Ukuzwa okukude | 258 |
2 | Ijenali ye-Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Theory kanye Izicelo | 126 |
3 | Amakhompyutha kanye Nezogesi Kwezolimo | 98 |
4 | I-IEEE Robotics kanye ne-Automation Letters | 87 |
5 | Izinzwa | 73 |
6 | Ijenali Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokuzwa Kukude | 42 |
7 | Precision Ezolimo | 41 |
8 | drones | 40 |
9 | Agronomy | 34 |
10 | Ukufinyelela kwe-IEEE | 34 |
11 | Ijenali yamazwe ngamazwe ye-Advanced Robotic Systems | 31 |
12 | Ijenali Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yobunjiniyela Bezolimo Nezinto Eziphilayo | 25 |
13 | PLoS ONE | 25 |
14 | Ijenali ye-Field Robotics | 23 |
15 | I-Biosystems Engineering | 23 |
Isiphetho
Isifinyezo
Kulolu cwaningo, sifinyeze futhi sahlaziya ucwaningo olukhona lwama-drones ezolimo. Sisebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene e-bibliometric, salwela ukuthola ukuqonda okungcono kwesakhiwo sobuhlakani socwaningo oluhlobene ne-drone yezolimo. Sekukonke, ukubuyekezwa kwethu kunikeza iminikelo eminingana ngokuhlonza nokuxoxa ngamagama angukhiye ezincwadini, ukuveza amaqoqo olwazi ngenkathi kwakha imiphakathi efana ncamashi emkhakheni wama-drones, kuchaza ucwaningo lwangaphambilini, nokuphakamisa izinkombandlela zocwaningo zesikhathi esizayo. Ngezansi, siveza okutholakele okuyinhloko kokubuyekezwa ekuthuthukisweni kwama-drones ezolimo:
• Izincwadi zizonke zikhule ngokushesha futhi zadonsa ukunaka okukhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, njengoba kuboniswa ukwanda kwenani lezindatshana ngemva kuka-2012. Noma lo mkhakha wolwazi usazofinyelela ukuvuthwa kwawo okuphelele (Barrientos et al., 2011; Maes & Steppe, 2019), imibuzo embalwa ayikaphendulwa. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones ekulimeni kwangaphakathi kusavulekele impikiswano (Aslan et al., 2022; Krul et al., 2021; Rold'an et al., 2015). Ubunkimbinkimbi bezigcawu zezinkambu kanye nezimo ezihlukile zokucabanga (isb, izithunzi nokukhanya) zingaholela ekuhlukeni okuphezulu kwe-spectral ekilasini (Yao et al., 2019). Ngisho nasezigabeni zakamuva zocwaningo, abacwaningi baye baphonswa inselelo yokunquma amacebo endiza afanele ngokwezimo ezithile kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe edingekayo (Soares et al., 2021; Tu et al.,
2020).
• Siyaqaphela ukuthi inkambu ithuthukile kusukela ekuthuthukiseni amasistimu e-UAV asebenza kahle yaya ekuhlanganiseni amasu e-AI, njengokufunda ngomshini nokufunda okujulile ekwakhiweni kwama-drones ezolimo (Bah et al., 2018; Kitano et al., 2019; Maimaitijiang et al. , 2020; Mazzia et al., 2020; Tetila et al., 2020).
• Ucwaningo lwama-drones ezolimo luxoxisane kakhulu ngokuzwa okukude ngokuhlola amandla obuchwepheshe ekuqapheni imvelo, ukuphathwa kwezitshalo, nokulawulwa kokhula (iqoqo 1) kanye ne-phenotyping ekude nokulinganisa kwesivuno (iqoqo 2). Iqoqo lezifundo ezinethonya kuma-drones ezolimo afaka u-Austin (2010), uBerni et al. (2009), u-Herwitz et al. (2004), Nex and Remondino (2014), kanye Zhang and Kovacs (2012). Lezi zifundo zithuthukise isisekelo somqondo wocwaningo oluhlobene ne-drone kumongo wezolimo.
• Okuhlobene nendlela yokwenza, siphawule ukuthi ucwaningo oluningi olwenziwe kuze kube manje belwakhiwe ngedizayini yesistimu, izifundo zomqondo, noma ezisekelwe ekubuyekezweni (Inoue, 2020; Nex & Remondino, 2014; Perez-Ortiz et al. , 2015; Yao et al., 2019). Siphinde siqaphele ukushoda kwezindlela ezisetshenziswayo, ezisezingeni eliphezulu, nezisekelwe ecaleni emsebenzini ekuphenyeni ama-drones ezolimo.
• Muva nje, izihloko ezihlobene nokunemba kwezolimo, amasu e-AI, ukunemba kwe-viticulture, nokuhlola ukucindezeleka kwamanzi kudonse ukunaka okukhulu (Espinoza et al., 2017; Gomez-Cand ´ on ´ et al., 2016; Matese et al., 2015; Matese & Di Gennaro, 2018, 2021; Z. Zhou et al., 2021). Ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwamaqoqo ocwaningo ezinkathini ezimbili ezihlukene, 1990–2010 kanye no-2011–2021, kuveza ukuqhubeka kwesakhiwo sobuhlakani besizinda. Isikhathi esisuka ku-1990 kuya ku-2010 sakha ukwakhiwa kwemibono emaphakathi kanye nemibono yama-drones, okusobala engxoxweni yokuklama kwe-UAV, ukuthuthukiswa, nokusebenza. Esikhathini sesibili, ukugxila kocwaningo kunwebeka ezifundweni zangaphambilini, kwenze umzamo wokuhlanganisa amacala okusetshenziswa kwe-UAV kwezolimo. Siphinde sathola izifundo eziningi ezixoxa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-drone emisebenzini yokucabanga kanye nezolimo ezinembayo.
Isibalo | Journal | Bala |
1 | Ukuzwa okukude | 258 |
2 | Ijenali ye-Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Theory kanye | 126 |
Izicelo | ||
3 | Amakhompyutha kanye Nezogesi Kwezolimo | 98 |
4 | I-IEEE Robotics kanye ne-Automation Letters | 87 |
5 | Izinzwa | 73 |
6 | Ijenali Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokuzwa Kukude | 42 |
7 | Precision Ezolimo | 41 |
8 | drones | 40 |
9 | Agronomy | 34 |
10 | Ukufinyelela kwe-IEEE | 34 |
11 | Ijenali yamazwe ngamazwe ye-Advanced Robotic Systems | 31 |
12 | Ijenali Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yobunjiniyela Bezolimo Nezinto Eziphilayo | 25 |
13 | PLoS ONE | 25 |
14 | Ijenali ye-Field Robotics | 23 |
15 | I-Biosystems Engineering | 22 |
Imithelela
Ukubuyekezwa kwethu kwe-bibliometric kwaklanywa futhi kwaqhutshwa nezifundiswa, abalimi, ochwepheshe bezolimo, abaxhumanisi bezitshalo, nabaklami besistimu ye-UAV. Ngolwazi lwababhali olungcono kakhulu, lesi esinye sezibuyekezo zokuqala eziye zenza ukuhlaziya okujulile kwe-bibliometric
izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-drone kwezolimo. Senze isibuyekezo esibanzi sale nhlangano yolwazi, sisebenzisa ukuhlaziya okucashuniwe kanye nokucashunwa ngokuhlanganyela kokushicilelwe. Imizamo yethu yokuchaza uhlaka lobuhlakani bocwaningo lwe-drone iphinde inikeze nemininingwane emisha yezifundiswa. Ukubuyekezwa ngokucophelela kwamagama angukhiye asetshenziswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuveza izindawo ezishisayo nezindawo zokucwaninga okugxilwe kuzo ezincwadini ezihlobene ne-drone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sethula uhlu lwezifundo ezicashunwe kakhulu ukuhlonza imisebenzi yocwaningo olunomthelela omkhulu eqediwe kulo mkhakha. Ukukhonjwa kwama-athikili namagama angukhiye kunganikeza isiqalo esiqinile ukuze kwembule izindlela ezimbalwa zezifundo zesikhathi esizayo.
Okubalulekile, sembule amaqoqo ahlukanisa imisebenzi eqhathanisekayo futhi sachaza kabanzi ngemiphumela. Izifundo ezihlukaniswe ngamaqoqo zisiza ekuqondeni ukwakheka kobuhlakani bocwaningo lwe-UAV. Ngokuphawulekayo, sithole ukuntuleka kwezifundo eziphenya izici zokutholwa kwama-drones
kanye nezithiyo emisebenzini yokulima (bheka iThebula 9). Abacwaningi bakusasa bangakwazi ukubhekana naleli gebe elingaba khona ngokwenza uphenyo oluqinile oluhlola izici zokutholwa kwama-drones emisebenzini ehlukene yokulima kanye nezimo zezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olusekelwe esifundweni mayelana nokusebenza kwama-drones kufanele lusekelwe ngedatha yangempela evela ensimini. Futhi, ukubandakanya abalimi nabaphathi ocwaningweni lwezemfundo kungaba yinzuzo kukho kokubili intuthuko yethiyori nengokoqobo yocwaningo lwe-drone. Sikwazile futhi ukuhlonza abacwaningi abavelele kanye neminikelo yabo, okubalulekile ngoba ukuqwashisa ngemisebenzi yakamuva yakamuva kunganikeza isiqondiso esithile semizamo yezemfundo yesikhathi esizayo.
Ithebula 9
Izithiyo zokutholwa kwe-UAV.
Isithiyo | Incazelo |
Ukuphepha kwedatha | Ukuphepha kwe-Cyber kuyinselelo enkulu ekusetshenzisweni Izixazululo ze-IoT (Masroor et al., 2021). |
Ukusebenzisana kanye Ukuhlanganiswa | Ubuchwepheshe obahlukahlukene njenge-UAV, WSN, IoT, njll. kufanele kuhlanganiswe futhi kudluliselwe idatha okuyinto khuphula izinga eliyinkimbinkimbi (Alsamhi et al., 2021; Popescu et al., 2020; Vuran et al., 2018). |
Izindleko zokuqalisa | Lokhu ikakhulukazi kubalimi abancane kanye nakwa ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obusezingeni eliphezulu ( UMasroor et al., 2021). |
Ulwazi lomsebenzi kanye ubuchwepheshe | Kudingeka abashayeli bezindiza abanekhono ukuze basebenzise ama-UAV. Futhi-ke, ukwenza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ubuchwepheshe budinga abasebenzi abanamakhono (YB Huang et al., 2013; Tsouros et al., 2019). |
Amandla Enjini nokundiza isikhathi | Ama-drones awakwazi ukusetshenziswa amahora amade kanye nekhava izindawo ezinkulu (Hardin & Hardin, 2010; Laliberte et al., 2007). |
Ukuzinza, ukwethembeka, kanye ukuhamba | Ama-drones azinzile ngesikhathi sezulu esibi (Hardin & Hardin, 2010; Laliberte et al., 2007). |
Imikhawulo yokulayisha kanye ikhwalithi yezinzwa | Ama-Drones kuphela angathwala imithwalo elinganiselwe eholela amandla okulayisha izinzwa zekhwalithi ephansi (Nebiker et al., 2008). |
Regulation | Njengoba ama-drones angaba yingozi futhi, kukhona ezinzima imithethonqubo kwezinye izindawo (Hardin & Jensen, 2011; Laliberte & Rango, 2011). |
Ulwazi lwabalimi kanye isithakazelo | Njengobunye ubuchwepheshe obuphambili, ama-drones ' ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kudinga ubuchwepheshe futhi okuhambisana nokungaqiniseki (Fisher et al., 2009; Lambert et al., 2004; Stafford, 2000). |
Njengoba kunesidingo esiqhubekayo sokusebenzisa izinsiza ezitholakalayo ngokuphumelelayo ukuze kwandiswe isivuno, abalimi bangasebenzisa ama-drones ukuze baqinisekise ukuskena kwamasimu abo ngokushesha, okunembile, nokungabizi kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bungasekela abalimi ukuthi babone isimo sezilimo zabo futhi bahlole isimo samanzi, isigaba sokuvuthwa, ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane, kanye nezidingo zokudla okunomsoco. Amakhono okuzwela kude we-drones anganikeza abalimi idatha ebalulekile yokubikezela izinkinga kusenesikhathi futhi benze ukungenelela okufanele. Nokho, izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zingabonakala kuphela uma izinselele zisingathwa ngendlela efanele. Ekukhanyeni kwe
izinkinga zamanje mayelana nokuphepha kwedatha, izindaba zobuchwepheshe bezinzwa (isb, ukwethembeka noma ukunemba kwezilinganiso), inkimbinkimbi yokuhlanganisa, kanye nezindleko ezinkulu zokuqalisa, izifundo zesikhathi esizayo kufanele futhi zihlole ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe, kwezomnotho, nokusebenza kokuhlanganisa ama-drones ezolimo nokunye ukusika- usebe zobuchwepheshe.
Ukulinganiselwa
Isifundo sethu sinemikhawulo eminingana. Okokuqala, okutholakele kunqunywa izincwadi ezikhethelwe ukuhlaziywa kokugcina. Kuyinselele ukuthwebula zonke izifundo ezifanele ezihlobene nama-drones ezolimo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingakhonjiswa kusizindalwazi se-Scopus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokuqoqwa kwedatha ikhawulelwe ekusethweni kwamagama angukhiye okusesha, okungenzeka angahlanganisi futhi kuholele ekutholweni okungaphelele. Ngakho-ke, izifundo zesikhathi esizayo zidinga ukunaka kakhulu udaba oluyisisekelo lokuqoqwa kwedatha okufanele lwenziwe
iziphetho ezinokwethenjelwa. Omunye umkhawulo uphathelene nokushicilelwa okusha okunenani eliphansi lezingcaphuno. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-bibliometric kuchemile ekushicilelweni kwangaphambilini njengoba kuvame ukuthola izingcaphuno eziningi phakathi neminyaka. Izifundo zakamuva zidinga isikhathi esithile ukuze zihehe futhi ziqongelele izingcaphuno. Ngakho-ke, izifundo zakamuva eziletha ushintsho lwepharadigm ngeke zikleliswe emisebenzini eyishumi ephezulu enethonya. Lo mkhawulo udlangile ekuhlolweni kwezizinda zocwaningo ezivela ngokushesha njengama-drones ezolimo. Njengoba sixoxisane ne-Scopus ukuze sitadishe izincwadi zalo msebenzi, abacwaningi bakusasa bangabheka okuhlukile
isizindalwazi, njengeWeb of Science kanye ne-IEEE Xplore, ukuze kunwetshwe umkhathizwe futhi kuthuthukiswe uhlaka locwaningo.
Izifundo ezingaba khona ze-bibliometric zingacabangela eminye imithombo yolwazi ebalulekile njengamaphepha enkomfa, izahluko, nezincwadi ukuze kukhiqizwe imininingwane yenoveli. Naphezu kokwenza imephu nokuphenya okushicilelwe emhlabeni wonke ngama-drones ezolimo, esikutholile akuzange kuveze izizathu zemiphumela yezifundo zamanyuvesi. Lokhu kuvula indlela eya endaweni eyinoveli yocwaningo ekuchazeni ngokwekhwalithi ukuthi kungani amanye amanyuvesi ekhiqiza kakhulu kunamanye uma kukhulunywa ngocwaningo ngezolimo.
ama-drones. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo zesikhathi esizayo zingahlinzeka ngemininingwane mayelana namandla e-drones ukukhulisa ukusimama kokulima ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezinjengokuqapha imvelo, ukuphathwa kwezitshalo, kanye nokwenza imephu yokhula njengoba kukhonjiswe abacwaningi abaningana (Chamuah & Singh, 2019; Islam et al., 2021; Popescu et al., 2020; J. Su, Liu, et al., 2018b). Njengoba ukuhlaziya umbhalo kwakungenakwenzeka ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lamaphepha akhethiwe, kunesidingo sokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezihlelekile ezihlola
izindlela zocwaningo ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nokubandakanywa kwabalimi ezifundweni zangaphambilini. Ngamafuphi, ukuhlaziya kwethu ucwaningo lwe-drone kuveza ukuxhumana okungabonakali kwalo mzimba wolwazi. Ngakho-ke lokhu kubuyekezwa kusiza ekwembuleni ubudlelwano phakathi kokushicilelwe kanye nokuhlola ukwakheka kobuhlakani bomkhakha wocwaningo. Iphinde ibonise ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezincwadi, njengamagama angukhiye ababhali, izinhlangano ezisebenzisana nazo, namazwe.
Isimemezelo Senzuzo Encintisanayo
Ababhali bamemezela ukuthi abanazintshisekelo zezimali ezincintisanayo noma ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu obekungabonakala kuthonya umsebenzi obikwe kuleli phepha.
isithasiselo 1
I-TITLE-ABS-KEY (((i-drone* NOMA “imoto yasemoyeni engenamuntu” NOMA uav* NOMA “isistimu yendiza engenamuntu” NOMA uas NOMA “indiza eshayelwa ukude”) KANYE (nezolimo NOMA ezolimo NOMA ukulima NOMA umlimi))) KANYE (UNGAKHISHI (PUBYEAR, 2022)) KANYE (LIMIT-TO (ULIMI, “English”)).
Okubhekwayo
I-Aasen, H., Burkart, A., Bolten, A., Bareth, G., 2015. Ikhiqiza ulwazi lwe-3D hyperspectral ngamakhamera we-UAV angasindi wokuqapha uhlaza: kusuka
ukulinganisa kwekhamera ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Ama-Remote Sens. 108, 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.08.002.
U-Abd-Elrahman, A., Pearlstine, L., Percival, F., 2005. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-algorithm yokuqaphela iphethini yokutholwa kwezinyoni okuzenzakalelayo kusukela ezithombeni zemoto yasemoyeni ezingenamuntu.
Inhlolovo. Ulwazi Lomhlaba. Isayensi. 65 (1), 37–45.
Abdollahi, A., Rejeb, K., Rejeb, A., Mostafa, MM, Zailani, S., 2021. Amanethiwekhi ezinzwa ezingenantambo kwezolimo: imininingwane evela ekuhlaziyweni kwe-bibliometric. Ukuzinza 13 (21),
12011.
I-Aboutalebi, M., Torres-Rua, AF, Kustas, WP, Nieto, H., Coopmans, C., McKee, M., Ukuhlolwa kwezindlela ezihlukene zokutholwa kwethunzi esithombeni sokucaca okuphezulu nokuhlolwa komthelela wethunzi ekubaleni ye-NDVI, kanye ne-evapotranspiration. Irrig. Isayensi. 37 (3), 407–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-018-0613-9.
Adao, ˜ T., Hruˇska, J., Padua, ´ L., Bessa, J., Peres, E., Morais, R., Sousa, JJ, 2017. I-hyperspectral imaging: isibuyekezo sezinzwa ezisekelwe ku-UAV, idatha ukucubungula kanye
izicelo zezolimo namahlathi. Inzwa Ekude 9 (11). https://doi.org/ 10.3390/rs9111110.
Agüera Vega, F., Ramírez, FC, Saiz, MP, Rosúa, FO, 2015. Ukuthwebula izithombe zesikhashana esiningi kusetshenziswa imoto yasemoyeni engenamuntu ukuze kuqashwe isivuno sikabhekilanga. I-Biosyst. Eng.
132, 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.01.008.
I-Ajayi, OG, Salubi, AA, Angbas, AF, Odigure, MG, 2017. Isizukulwane samamodeli anembile okuphakama kwedijithali kusuka ku-UAV sithole izithombe ezigqagqene ezingamaphesenti aphansi. Int.
J. Remote Sens. 38 (8–10), 3113–3134. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01431161.2017.1285085.
U-Ali, I., Greifeneder, F., Stamenkovic, J., Neumann, M., Notarnicola, C., 2015. Ukubuyekezwa kwezindlela zokufunda ngomshini zokubuyiswa kwe-biomass nokuswakama kwenhlabathi kusuka kudatha yenzwa ekude. Inzwa Ekude 7 (12), 16398–16421.
Alsamhi, SH, Afghah, F., Sahal, R., Hawbani, A., Al-qaness, MAA, Lee, B., Guizani, M., I-inthanethi ehlaza yezinto esebenzisa ama-UAV kumanethiwekhi e-B5G: Ukubuyekezwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza
namasu. Isikhangiso. Hoc. I-Netw. 117, 102505 https://doi.org/10.1016/j. adhoc.2021.102505.
Al-Thani, N., Albuainain, A., Alnaimi, F., Zorba, N., 2020. AmaDrones Okuqapha Imfuyo Yezimvu. Ku: 20th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference. https://doi.
org/10.1109/MELECON48756.2020.9140588.
I-Ampatzidis, Y., Partel, V., 2019. I-phenotyping ephezulu esekelwe ku-UAV ku-citrus kusetshenziswa izithombe ze-multispectral kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Inzwa Ekude 11 (4), https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040410.
I-Ampatzidis, Y., Partel, V., Costa, L., 2020. I-Agroview: Uhlelo lokusebenza olusekelwe efwini lokucubungula, ukuhlaziya nokubona ngeso lengqondo idatha eqoqwe yi-UAV ukuze uthole ukunemba kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezolimo kusetshenziswa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 174, 105457 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105457.
Ang, K.-L.-M., Seng, JKP, 2021. Idatha enkulu nokufunda komshini ngolwazi lwe-hyperspectral kwezolimo. IEEE Finyelela ku-9, 36699–36718. https://doi.org/10.1109/
UKUFINYELELA.2021.3051196.
Aquilani, C., Confessore, A., Bozzi, R., Sirtori, F., Pugliese, C., 2022. Review: precision Livestock Farming technologies in stock-based livestock systems. Isilwane 16 (1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2021.100429.
Armenta-Medina, D., Ramirez-Delreal, TA, Villanueva-Vasquez, ´ D., Mejia-Aguirre, C., Amathrendi olwazi oluthuthukile nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana
ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yezolimo: ukuhlaziya i-bibliometric. I-Agronomy 10 (12), I-Athikili 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121989.
Armstrong, I., Pirrone-Brusse, M., Smith, A., Jadud, M., 2011. I-gator endizayo: ibheke kumarobhothi asemoyeni e-occam-π. Umphakathi. I-Process Architect. 2011, 329–340. https://doi. org/10.3233/978-1-60750-774-1-329.
I-Arora, SD, Chakraborty, A., 2021. Ucwaningo lwe-Intellectual structure of consumer complaining behaviour (CCB): Ukuhlaziywa kwe-bibliometric. J. Business Res. 122, 60–74.
Aslan, MF, Durdu, A., Sabanci, K., Ropelewska, E., Gültekin, SS, 2022.
Inhlolovo ebanzi yocwaningo lwakamuva lwe-UAV lwezolimo olunembayo ezindaweni ezivulekile nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Uhlelo lokusebenza. Isayensi. 12 (3), 1047. https://doi.org/10.3390/
uhlelo lokusebenza12031047.
Atkinson, JA, Jackson, RJ, Bentley, AR, Ober, E., & Wells, DM (2018). I-Fienotyping Yenkundla Yekusasa. Ezibuyekezweni Zezitshalo Zonyaka ku-inthanethi (ikhasi 719–736). UJohane
Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi: 10.1002/9781119312994.apr0651.
Austin, R., 2010. Amasistimu Ezindiza Ezingenamuntu: I-UAVS Design, Development and Deployment. Ku: Amasistimu Ezindiza Engaphethwe muntu: Idizayini ye-UAVS, Ukuthuthukiswa kanye
Ukuthunyelwa. UJohn Wiley kanye namadodana. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470664797.
Awais, M., Li, W., Cheema, MJM, Zaman, QU, Shaheen, A., Aslam, B., Zhu, W., Ajmal, M., Faheem, M., Hussain, S., Nadeem, AA, Afzal, MM, Liu, C., 2022. Izinzwa ezikude ezisekelwe ku-UAV ekucindezelekeni kwezitshalo cabanga usebenzisa inzwa yokushisa ephezulu yokulungiswa kwezinqubo zezolimo zedijithali: ukubuyekezwa kwe-meta. Int. J. Imvelo. Isayensi. Ubuchwepheshe. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s13762-021-03801-5.
Bacco, M., Berton, A., Ferro, E., Gennaro, C., Gotta, A., Matteoli, S., Paonessa, F., Ruggeri, M., Virone, G., Zanella, A., 2018. Ukulima okuhlakaniphile: Amathuba, izinselele
kanye nezinsiza zobuchwepheshe. 2018 IoT Iqondile futhi. I-Topical Summit on Agriculture -Tuscany (IOT Tuscany) 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/IOTTUSCANY.2018.8373043.
Bah, MD, Hafiane, A., Canals, R., 2018. Ukufunda okujulile nokulebula kwedatha okungagadiwe ukuze kutholwe ukhula ezitshalweni zomugqa ezithombeni ze-UAV. Inzwa Ekude 10 (11), 1690.
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111690.
Baldi, S., 1998. Izinqubo ze-Normative vs social constructivist ekwabiweni kwezingcaphuno: imodeli yokuhlaziya inethiwekhi. Am. Ezomphakathi. IsAmb. 63 (6), 829–846. https://doi.
org/10.2307/2657504.
Baluja, J., Diago, MP, Balda, P., Zorer, R., Meggio, F., Morales, F., Tardaguila, J., 2012. Ukuhlolwa kokushintshashintsha kwesimo samanzi esivini ngokushisa okushisayo kanye ne-multispectral
izithombe kusetshenziswa imoto yasemoyeni engalandelwa muntu (UAV). Irrig. Isayensi. 30 (6), 511–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-012-0382-9.
Barabaschi, D., Tondelli, A., Desiderio, F., Volante, A., Vaccino, P., Val`e, G., Cattivelli, L.,Ukuzalanisa kwesizukulwane esilandelayo. Isitshalo Sci. 242, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
plantci.2015.07.010.
I-Barbedo, i-JGA, i-Koenigkan, i-LV, i-2018. Imibono mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ukuqapha izinkomo. I-Outlook Agric. 47 (3), 214–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030727018781876.
Bareth, G., Aasen, H., Bendig, J., Gnyp, ML, Bolten, A., Jung, A., Michels, R., Soukkamaki, ¨ J., 2015. Isisindo esiphansi kanye ne-UAV-based hyperspectral amakhamera anohlaka olugcwele
ukuqapha izitshalo: Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-Spectral nezilinganiso eziphathekayo ze-spectroradiometer. I-Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung, Geoinformation 2015 (1), 69–79.
https://doi.org/10.1127/pfg/2015/0256.
I-Barrientos, A., Colorado, J., del Cerro, J., Martinez, A., Rossi, C., Sanz, D., Valente, J., Ukuzwa okukude kwe-Aerial kwezolimo: Indlela engokoqobo yokumbozwa kwendawo
kanye nokuhlelwa kwendlela yemikhumbi yamarobhothi amancane asemoyeni. J. Field Rob. 28 (5), 667–689. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20403.
Basiri, A., Mariani, V., Silano, G., Aatif, M., Iannelli, L., Glielmo, L., 2022. Inhlolovo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-algorithms yokuhlela indlela yama-UAV ane-rotor eningi ngokunemba
ezolimo. J. Navig. 75 (2), 364–383.
I-Basnet, B., Bang, J., 2018. I-state-of-the-art yezolimo ezigxilisa ulwazi: ukubuyekezwa kwezinhlelo zokuzwa ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha. J. Sens. 2018, 1–13.
I-Bendig, J., Bolten, A., Bareth, G., 2013. I-UAV-based imaging yamamodeli we-multi-temporal, anokulungiswa okuphezulu kakhulu kwendawo yezitshalo ukuze kuqashwe ukuhlukahluka kokukhula kwezitshalo. I-Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung, Geoinformation 2013 (6), 551–562. https://doi. org/10.1127/1432-8364/2013/0200.
Bendig, J., Bolten, A., Bennertz, S., Broscheit, J., Eichfuss, S., Bareth, G., 2014. Ukulinganisa i-biomass yebhali kusetshenziswa amamodeli angaphezulu kwezitshalo (ama-CSM) asuselwa kumfanekiso we-UAVbased RGB. Inzwa Ekude 6 (11), 10395–10412.
Bendig, J., Yu, K., Aasen, H., Bolten, A., Bennertz, S., Broscheit, J., Gnyp, ML, Bareth, G., 2015. Ukuhlanganisa ubude besitshalo esisekelwe ku-UAV ukusuka endaweni yezitshalo amamodeli,
ebonakalayo, kanye nezinkomba zezitshalo eziseduze ne-infrared zokuqapha i-biomass kwibhali. Int. J. Appl. Umhlaba Obs. Geoinf. 39, 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.02.012.
Berni, JA, Zarco-Tejada, PJ, Sepulcre-Canto, ´ G., Fereres, E., Villalobos, F., 2009a. Ukwenza imephu ye-canopy conductance kanye ne-CWSI emasimini omnqumo kusetshenziswa ukulungiswa okuphezulu
isithombe senzwa yerimothi eshisayo. I-Remote Sens. Environ. 113 (11), 2380–2388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.018.
Berni, JA, Zarco-Tejada, PJ, Suarez, ´ L., Fereres, E., 2009b. Inzwa ekude ye-thermal ne-narrowband multispectral yokuqapha uhlaza kusukela kunqola yasemoyeni engaphethwe muntu. IEEE Trans. I-Geosci. Ama-Remote Sens. 47 (3), 722–738.
Bouzembrak, Y., Klüche, M., Gavai, A., Marvin, HJP, 2019. I-inthanethi Yezinto Ekuphepheni Kokudla: Ukubuyekezwa Kwemibhalo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-bibliometric. Amathrendi Ukudla Sci. Ubuchwepheshe. 94,54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.002.
Brewster, C., Roussaki, I., Kalatzis, N., Doolin, K., Ellis, K., 2017. IoT kwezolimo: Ukuklama umshayeli wendiza omkhulu waseYurophu. IEEE Umphakathi. Mag. 55 (9), 26–33.
I-Buters, TM, Belton, D., Cross, AT, 2019. Ukulandelela i-UAV ye-Multi-sensor yezithombo ngazinye nemiphakathi yezithombo ngokunemba kwemilimitha. Ama-drones 3 (4), 81.
https://doi.org/10.3390/drones3040081.
Candiago, S., Remondino, F., De Giglio, M., Dubbini, M., Gattelli, M., 2015. Ukuhlola izithombe ezinemibala eminingi kanye nezinkomba zezitshalo ukuze uthole izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulima ngokunemba ezivela ezithombeni ze-UAV. Inzwa Ekude 7 (4), 4026–4047. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70404026.
I-Cao, Y., Li, GL, Luo, YK, Pan, Q., Zhang, SY, 2020. Ukuqapha izinkomba zokukhula kwebhitrudi kashukela kusetshenziswa inkomba ye-wide-dynamic-range vegetation index (WDRVI) esuselwe ku-UAV
izithombe eziningi. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 171, 105331 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105331.
Casillas, J., Acedo, F., 2007. Ukuvela kwesakhiwo sobuhlakani sezincwadi zebhizinisi lomndeni: isifundo se-bibliometric se-FBR. Ibhizinisi Lomndeni I-Rev. 20 (2), 141–162.
Cen, H., Wan, L., Zhu, J., Li, Y., Li, X., Zhu, Y., Weng, H., Wu, W., Yin, W., Xu, C., Bao, Y., Feng, L., Shou, J., He, Y., 2019. Ukuqapha okunamandla kwe-biomass yerayisi ngaphansi
Ukwelashwa okuhlukile kwe-nitrogen kusetshenziswa i-UAV engasindi enamakhamera esifinyezo sozimele wezithombe ezimbili. Izindlela Zezitshalo 15 (1), 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-019-
0418-8.
Chamuah, A., Singh, R., 2019. Ukuvikela ukusimama kwezolimo zase-Indian ngokusebenzisa i-UAV yomphakathi: umbono wokusungula onesibopho. I-SN Appl. Isayensi. 2 (1), 106. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1901-6.
Chamuah, A., Singh, R., 2022. Ukuphatha okunesibopho sokusungula kwemoto yasemoyeni engaphethwe muntu (UAV) yezicelo zomshwalense wezitshalo zase-Indian. J. Unomthwalo wemfanelo
Ubuchwepheshe. 9, 100025 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2022.100025.
I-Chen, A., Orlov-Levin, V., Meron, M., 2019. Ukusebenzisa isithombe sasemoyeni esinesinqumo esiphezulu esibonakalayo se-canopy yezitshalo ekulawuleni ukunisela ngokunemba. I-Agric. Amanzi
Phatha. 216, 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.017.
I-Daakir, M., Pierrot-Deseilligny, M., Bosser, P., Pichard, F., Thom, C., Rabot, Y., Martin, O., 2017. I-UAV engasindi ene-photogrammetry esebhodini nokuma kwe-GPS okukodwa. ngezicelo ze-metrology. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Ama-Remote Sens. 127, 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.12.007.
Dawaliby, S., Aberkane, A., Bradai, A., 2020. Inkundla ye-IoT esekwe ku-Blockchain yokuphathwa kokusebenza kwe-drone ezizimele. Ku: Izinqubo ze-ACM yesi-2
I-MobiCom Workshop on Drone Assisted Wireless Communications ye-5G and Beyond, amakhasi 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1145/3414045.3415939.
Usuku, RA, Gastel, B., 1998. Ungabhala kanjani futhi ushicilele iphepha lesayensi. I-Cambridge University Press. de Castro, AI, Pena, ˜ JM, Torres-Sanchez, ´ J., Ji'enez-Brenes, FM, ValenciaGredilla, F., Recasens, J., Lopez-Granados, ´ F., 2020. Imephu ye-cynodon dactylon infesting mboza izitshalo ngenqubo yokuzenzakalela yesihlahla-OBIA kanye nesithombe se-UAV ukuze uthole ukunemba kwe-viticulture. Inzwa Ekude 12 (1), 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010056.
de Castro, AI, Torres-S' anchez, J., Pena, ˜ JM, Ji'enez-Brenes, FM, Csillik, O., Lopez- ´Granados, F., 2018. Ihlathi elizenzakalelayo le-OBIA algorithm ye ukwenza imephu yokhula kwangaphambi kwesikhathi phakathi nangaphakathi kwemigqa yezitshalo kusetshenziswa isithombe se-UAV. Inzwa Ekude 10 (2). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020285.
Demir, N., Sonmez, ¨ NK, Akar, T., Ünal, S., 2018. Ukulinganisa Okuzenzakalelayo Kokuphakama Kwezitshalo Kokolweni Genotypes Ukusebenzisa i-DSM Etholakala ku-UAV Imagery. Izinqubo 2 (7), 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecrs-2-05163.
U-Deng, J., Zhong, Z., Huang, H., Lan, Y., Han, Y., Zhang, Y., 2020. Inethiwekhi yesigaba se-semantic engasindi yokumepha ukhula kwesikhathi sangempela kusetshenziswa izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu. Uhlelo lokusebenza. Isayensi. 10 (20), 7132. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207132.
Deng, L., Mao, Z., Li, X., Hu, Z., Duan, F., Yan, Y., 2018. Inzwa eyirimothi ye-UAV esekelwe ku-UAV ukuze uthole ukunemba kwezolimo: ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwamakhamera ahlukene. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Ama-Remote Sens. 146, 124–136.
U-Diaz-Gonzalez, FA, Vuelvas, J., Correa, CA, Vallejo, VE, Patino, D., 2022. Ukufunda ngomshini nezindlela zokuzwa ezikude ezisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa izinkomba zomhlabathi - buyekeza. I-Ecol. Ind. 135, 108517 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108517.
I-Díaz-Varela, RA, De la Rosa, R., Leon, ´ L., Zarco-Tejada, PJ, 2015. Isithombe se-UAV esinesinqumo esiphezulu sokuhlola imingcele yomqhele wesihlahla somnqumo kusetshenziswa isithombe se-3D
ukwakha kabusha: isicelo esivivinyweni sokuzalanisa. Inzwa Ekude 7 (4), 4213–4232. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70404213.
I-Dixit, A., Jakhar, SK, 2021. Ukuphathwa komthamo wesikhumulo sezindiza: ukubuyekezwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwebhayibheli. J. Air Transp. Phatha. 91, 102010.
Dong, T., Shang, J., Liu, J., Qian, B., Jing, Q., Ma, B., Huffman, T., Geng, X., Sow, A., Shi, Y., Canisius, F., Jiao, X., Kovacs, JM, Walters, D., Cable, J., Wilson, J., 2019.
Kusetshenziswa isithombe se-RapidEye ukuhlonza ukuhlukahluka kwangaphakathi kwenkundla kokukhula kwezitshalo kanye nesivuno e-Ontario, e-Canada. I-Precision Agric. 20 (6), 1231–1250. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11119-019-09646-w.
I-Dutta, PK, Mitra, S., 2021. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones ezolimo kanye ne-iot ukuqonda uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kokudla ngesikhathi se-COVID-19. Ku: Choudhury, A., Biswas, A., Prateek, M.,
Chakrabarti, A. (Eds.), Agricultural Informatics: Automation Ukusebenzisa i-IoT kanye Nokufunda Ngomshini. Wiley, amakhasi 67-87. van Eck, N., Waltman, L., 2009. Inhlolovo yesofthiwe: VOSviewer, uhlelo lwekhompyutha lwemephu ye-bibliometric. I-Scientometrics 84 (2), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3.
Elijah, O., Rahman, TA, Orikumhi, I., Leow, CY, Hindia, MN, 2018. Uhlolojikelele lwe-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT) kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha kwezolimo: izinzuzo nezinselele.
IEEE Izinto Ze-inthanethi J. 5 (5), 3758–3773.
Enciso, J., Avila, CA, Jung, J., Elsayed-Farag, S., Chang, A., Yeom, J., Landivar, J.,Maeda, M., Chavez, JC, 2019. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-agronomic I-UAV nenkundla
izilinganiso zezinhlobo zamatamatisi. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 158, 278–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.02.011.
I-Espinoza, CZ, Khot, LR, Sankaran, S., Jacoby, PW, 2017. Ukuhlolwa kokuxineka kwamanzi okusekelwe ekuboneni okukude okusekelwe ekutholeni okukude okusekelwe ekutholeni okushisayo
imivini eniselwe ngaphansi komhlaba. Inzwa Ekude 9 (9), 961. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/rs9090961.
Ewing, J., Oommen, T., Jayakumar, P., Alger, R., 2020. Kusetshenziswa inzwa eyirimothi ye-hyperspectral ukuze kulungiswe umhlabathi. Inzwa Ekude 12 (20), 3312. ttps://doi.org/10.3390/
rs12203312.
Fawcett, D., Panigada, C., Tagliabue, G., Boschetti, M., Celesti, M., Evdokimov, A., Biriukova, K., Colombo, R., Miglietta, F., Rascher, U., Anderson, K., 2020. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Multiscale kwe-drone-based multispectral surface reflectance and indices yezitshalo ezimeni zokusebenza. Inzwa Ekude 12 (3), 514.
Feng, X., Yan, F., Liu, X., 2019. Ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana okungenantambo ku-inthanethi Yezinto ukuze uthole ukunemba kwezolimo. I-Wireless Pers. Umphakathi. 108 (3),
1785-1802.
Ferreira, MP, Pinto, CF, Serra, FR, 2014. I-transaction cost theory ocwaningweni lwamazwe ngamazwe lwebhizinisi: isifundo se-bibliometric eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu. I-Scientometrics 98 (3), 1899-1922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-013-1172-8.
Fisher, P., Abuzar, M., Rab, M., Best, F., Chandra, S., 2009. Intuthuko kwezolimo olunembayo eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia. I. indlela yokuhlehla yokulingisa
ukwehluka kwezindawo ezivunweni zokusanhlamvu kusetshenziswa izivuno zabalimi zomlando we-paddock kanye nenkomba yomehluko ojwayelekile wezitshalo. Nqampuna Idlelo Sci. 60 (9), 844–858.
Floreano, D., Wood, RJ, 2015. Isayensi, ubuchwepheshe kanye nekusasa lama-drones amancane azimele. Imvelo 521 (7553), 460-466. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14542.
Friha, O., Ferrag, MA, Shu, L., Maglaras, LA, Wang, X., 2021. I-inthanethi yezinto zekusasa lezolimo ezihlakaniphile: inhlolovo ebanzi yobuchwepheshe obusafufusa. IEEE CAA J. Autom. I-Sinica 8 (4), 718–752.
Fuentes-Pacheco, J., Torres-Olivares, J., Roman-Rangel, E., Cervantes, S., JuarezLopez, P., Hermosillo-Valadez, J., Rendon-Mancha, ´ JM, 2019. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesitshalo somkhiwane kusukela ezithombeni zasemoyeni kusetshenziswa inethiwekhi ejulile yesikhiphi khodi se-convolutional. Inzwa Ekude 11 (10), 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11101157.
Gago, J., Douthe, C., Coopman, RE, Gallego, PP, Ribas-Carbo, M., Flexas, J., Escalona, J., Medrano, H., 2015. Ama-UAVs inselele yokuhlola ukucindezeleka kwamanzi
ezolimo ezisimeme. I-Agric. Umphathi Wamanzi. 153, 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. agwat.2015.01.020.
García-Tejero, IF, Rubio, AE, Vinuela, ˜ I., Hern´ andez, A., Guti´errez-Gordillo, S., Rodríguez-Pleguezuelo, CR, Dur´an-Zuazo, VH, 2018. Imifanekiso eshisayo esitshalweni
izinga lokuhlola isimo samanzi ezitshalo ezihlahleni zom-alimondi (cv. Guara) ngaphansi kwamasu okunisela okunenzuzo. I-Agric. Umphathi Wamanzi. 208, 176–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
agwat.2018.06.002.
I-Garzonio, R., Di Mauro, B., Colombo, R., Cogliati, S., 2017. Ukuboniswa kobuso kanye nezilinganiso ze-spectroscopy ze-fluorescence zisebenzisa i-UAS encane ye-hyperspectral. Inzwa Ekude 9 (5), 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050472. Ga-sparovic'c, M., Zrinjski, M., Barkovi′c, Đ., Radoˇcaj, D., 2020. Indlela ezenzakalelayo ye
ukwenza imephu yokhula emasimini e-oat ngokusekelwe kumfanekiso we-UAV. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric.
Gebbers, R., Adamchuk, VI, 2010. Precision Agriculture and food security. Isayensi 327 (5967), 828-831. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183899.
I-Geipel, J., Link, J., Claupein, W., 2014. Ukumodela okuhlanganisiwe kwe-spectral kanye nendawo yokuvunwa kommbila okusekelwe ezithombeni zasemoyeni namamodeli angaphezulu kwezitshalo atholwe ngesistimu yendiza engenamuntu. Inzwa Ekude 6 (11), 10335–10355. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61110335.
Geng, D., Feng, Y., Zhu, Q., 2020. Idizayini eqhubekayo yabasebenzisi: ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi nokuhlaziywa kwebhayibhiliyomethrikhi. Imvelo. Isayensi. Ukungcolisa. I-Res. 27 (24), 29824–29836. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11356-020-09283-1.
I-Gevaert, CM, Suomalainen, J., Tang, J., Kooistra, L., 2015. Isizukulwane sezindawo zokusabela ze-spectraltemporal ngokuhlanganisa i-satellite ye-multispectral kanye ne-hyperspectral
Isithombe se-UAV sezinhlelo zokusebenza zezolimo ezinembayo. IEEE J. Sel. Phezulu. Uhlelo lokusebenza. Umhlaba Obs. Ama-Remote Sens. 8 (6), 3140–3146. ttps://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2406339.
Gill, SS, Chana, I., Buyya, R., 2017. IoT esekelwe ezolimo njengefu kanye nesevisi yedatha enkulu: ukuqala kwe-India yedijithali. J. Org. kanye neKhompyutha Yomsebenzisi Wokugcina. (JOEUC) 29 (4),
1-23.
Gmür, M., 2006. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-co-citation kanye nosesho lwamakolishi angabonakali: ukuhlolwa kwendlela. I-Scientometrics 57 (1), 27–57. https://doi.org/10.1023/
a:1023619503005.
Gnadinger, ¨ F., Schmidhalter, U., 2017. Izibalo zedijithali zezitshalo zommbila yi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Inzwa Ekude 9 (6). Https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060544.
I-Gokto ¨ ǧan, AH, Sukkarieh, S., Bryson, M., Randle, J., Lupton, T., Hung, C., 2010. Imoto yomoya ejikelezayo engenamuntu ehlola ukhula lwasemanzini futhi
abaphathi. J. Intell. I-Robotic Syst.: I-Theor. Uhlelo lokusebenza. 57 (1–4), 467–484. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10846-009-9371-5.
Gomez-Cand ´ on, ´ D., De Castro, AI, Lopez-Granados, ´ F., 2014. Ukuhlola ukunemba kwama-mosaics asuka kumfanekiso wemoto yasemoyeni engabanjwanga (UAV) ngezinjongo ezinembayo zezolimo zikakolweni. Precis. I-Agric. 15 (1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-013-9335-4.
Gomez-Cand ´ on, ´ D., Virlet, N., Lab´e, S., Jolivot, A., Regnard, J.-L., 2016. I-phenotyping yasensimini yokucindezeleka kwamanzi esikalini sesihlahla ngesithombe se-UAV-senzwa : imininingwane emisha ye
ukutholwa nokulinganisa okushisayo. Precis. I-Agric. 17 (6), 786–800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-016-9449-6.
Gonzalez-Dugo, V., Zarco-Tejada, PJ, Fereres, E., 2014. Ukusebenziseka kanye nemikhawulo yokusebenzisa inkomba yokucindezeleka kwamanzi ezitshalo njengenkomba yokushoda kwamanzi ezinsimini zezithelo zewolintshi. I-Agric. Ngoba. I-Meteorol. 198–199, 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. agrformet.2014.08.003.
Gonzalez-Dugo, V., Zarco-Tejada, P., Nicolas, ´ E., Nortes, PA, Alarcon, ´ JJ, Intrigliolo, DS, Fereres, E., 2013. Kusetshenziswa isithombe esishisayo se-UAV sokucaca okuphezulu
hlola ukuhlukahluka kwesimo samanzi sezinhlobo ezinhlanu zezihlahla zezithelo ngaphakathi kwensimu yezithelo ezohwebo. Precis. I-Agric. 14 (6), 660–678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-013-9322-9.
Goyal, K., Kumar, S., 2021. Ulwazi lwezezimali: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-bibliometric. Int. J. Izifundo Zabathengi 45 (1), 80–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/
ijcs.12605.
Grenzdorffer, ¨ GJ, Engel, A., Teichert, B., 2008. Amandla we-photogrammetric we-uavs ebiza kancane kwezamahlathi nezolimo. Izingobo Zomlando Zamazwe Ngamazwe Ze-Photogrammetry, Inzwa Ekude kanye Nesayensi Yolwazi Lwendawo – Izingobo Zomlando ze-ISPRS 37, 1207–1213. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039543258&partnerI D=40&md5=b4b2d639257e8ddb5a373d15959c4e1e.
Guan, S., Fukami, K., Matsunaka, H., Okami, M., Tanaka, R., Nakano, H., Sakai, T., Nakano, K., Ohdan, H., Takahashi, K., 2019. Ukuhlola ukuhlobana kokulungiswa okuphezulu
I-NDVI enezinga lokufakwa kukamanyolo kanye nesivuno zerayisi nezitshalo zikakolweni kusetshenziswa ama-UAV amancane. Inzwa Ekude 11 (2), 112.
Gundolf, K., Filser, M., 2013. Ucwaningo lokuphatha kanye nenkolo: ukuhlaziywa kokucaphuna. J. Ibhasi. Izimiso zokuziphatha 112 (1), 177–185.
I-Guo, Q., Zhu, Y., Tang, Y., Hou, C., He, Y., Zhuang, J., Zheng, Y., Luo, S., 2020. Ukulingisa kwe-CFD nokuqinisekisa kokuhlola kwendawo kanye nokusabalalisa kwesikhashana kwe
ukugeleza komoya phansi kwe-UAV yezolimo eyi-quad-rotor in hover. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 172, 105343 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105343.
Haghighattalab, A., Gonz´ alez Perez, L., Mondal, S., Singh, D., Schinstock, D., Rutkoski, J., Ortiz-Monasterio, I., Singh, RP, Goodin, D. , Poland, J., 2016.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zasemoyeni ezinganamuntu ukuze kusetshenziswe i-throughput phenotyping yezindawo ezinkulu zokuzalanisa ukolweni. Izindlela Zezitshalo 12 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-
I-016-0134-6.
Hakala, T., Honkavaara, E., Saari, H., Makynen, ¨ J., Kaivosoja, J., Pesonen, L., & Pol ¨ onen, ¨I., 2013. Imifanekiso ye-Spectral evela kuma-UAV ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya ezihlukile . Ku-GG Bill R. (Umhl.), Izingobo Zomlando Zamazwe Ngamazwe Ze-Photogrammetry, I-Remote Sensing kanye Nesayensi Yolwazi Lwendawo—Izinqolobane ze-ISPRS (Vol. 40, Issue 1W2, pp. 189–194). Inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ye-Photogrammetry kanye ne-Remote Sensing. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-848875632.
Hamylton, SM, Morris, RH, Carvalho, RC, Roder, N., Barlow, P., Mills, K., Wang, L. Amasu okuhlola okwenza imephu yezitshalo zasesiqhingini ezivela emoyeni ongenamuntu
izithombe zemoto (UAV): Ukuhlelwa kwephikseli, ukutolika okubonakalayo nezindlela zokufunda ngomshini. Int. J. Appl. Umhlaba Obs. Geoinf. 89, 102085 https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.jag.2020.102085.
Haque, A., Islam, N., Samrat, NH, Dey, S., Ray, B., 2021. Ukulima okuhlakaniphile ngobuholi obuqotho e-bangladesh: amathuba, amathuba, nangale kwalokho.
Ukusimama 13 (8), 4511.
Hardin, PJ, Hardin, TJ, 2010. Izimoto ezincane ezilingwa zikude ocwaningweni lwezemvelo. I-Geography Compass 4 (9), 1297–1311. ttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-
8198.2010.00381.x.
I-Hardin, i-PJ, i-Jensen, i-RR, i-2011. Izimoto zasemoyeni ezincane ezingenamuntu ezinzwa ezikude zemvelo: izinselele namathuba. I-GISci. Ama-Remote Sens. 48 (1), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.48.1.99.
He, Y., Nie, P., Zhang, Q., Liu, F., 2021. I-inthanethi YezoLimo Yezinto: ubuchwepheshe nezinhlelo zokusebenza, (uhlelo loku-1 luka-2021). Springer.
U-Herwitz, SR, Johnson, LF, Dunagan, SE, Higgins, RG, Sullivan, DV, Zheng, J., Lobitz, BM, Leung, JG, Gallmeyer, BA, Aoyagi, M., Slye, RE, Brass, JA, 2004.
Ukuthwebula isithombe esivela endizeni engenamuntu: ukubhekwa kwezolimo kanye nokwesekwa kwezinqumo. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 44 (1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
compag.2004.02.006.
Holman, FH, Riche, AB, Michalski, A., Castle, M., Wooster, MJ, Hawkesford, MJ, High throughput field phenotyping yobude besitshalo sikakolweni nezinga lokukhula ekuhlolweni kwesakhiwo sensimu kusetshenziswa ukuzwa okukude okusekelwe ku-UAV. Inzwa Ekude 8 (12). https://doi. org/10.3390/rs8121031.
Honkavaara, E., Saari, H., Kaivosoja, J., Pol ¨ onen, ¨ I., Hakala, T., Litkey, P., M¨akynen, J., Pesonen, L., 2013. Ukucubungula nokuhlola ye-spectrometric, izithombe ze-stereoscopic eziqoqwe kusetshenziswa ikhamera ye-spectral ye-UAV engasindi ukuze uthole ukunemba kwezolimo. Inzwa Ekude 5 (10), 5006–5039. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5105006.
U-Hossein Motlagh, N., Taleb, T., Arouk, O., 2016. Izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ezinobude obuphansi ezisekelwe ku-inthanethi yezinsizakalo zezinto: inhlolovo ebanzi kanye nemibono yesikhathi esizayo. IEEE Izinto Ze-inthanethi J. 3 (6), 899–922. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2016.2612119.
I-Hrabar, S., Sukhatme, GS, Corke, P., Usher, K., Roberts, J., 2005. Ukugeleza kwe-optic okuhlanganisiwe kanye nokuzulazula okusekelwe ku-stereo kwama-canyons asemadolobheni kwe-UAV. Ku: 2005 IEEE/RSJ
Inkomfa Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngamarobhothi Ahlakaniphile Nezinhlelo, amakhasi 3309–3316. https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1544998.
Hsu, T.-C., Yang, H., Chung, Y.-C., Hsu, C.-H., 2020. Inkundla yezolimo ye-Creative IoT ye-cloud fog computing. Phakamisa. Ikhompyutha. Inf. Uhlelo. 28, 100285.
U-Huang, H., Deng, J., Lan, Y., Yang, A., Deng, X., Zhang, L., Gonzalez-Andujar, JL, 2018. Inethiwekhi esebenza ngokugcwele yokwenza imephu yokhula yemoto yasemoyeni engenamuntu ( UAV) izithombe. I-PLoS ONE 13 (4), e0196302.
U-Huang, H., Lan, Y., Yang, A., Zhang, Y., Wen, S., Deng, J., 2020. Ukufunda okujulile kuqhathaniswa nokuhlaziywa kwesithombe okusekelwe entweni (OBIA) ekwenziweni kwemephu yokhula yezithombe ze-UAV. Int. J.
Ama-Remote Sens. 41 (9), 3446–3479. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1706112.
Huang, H., Yang, A., Tang, Y., Zhuang, J., Hou, C., Tan, Z., Dananjayan, S., He, Y., Guo, Q., Luo, S., 2021. Ukulinganisa umbala ojulile wesithombe se-UAV ekuqaphelweni kokunqampuna
usebenzisa ukudluliswa kwesitayela se-semantic ngokunaka kwendawo ukuya emhlabeni jikelele. Int. J. Appl. Umhlaba Obs. Geoinf. 104, 102590 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102590.
U-Huang, YB, Thomson, SJ, Hoffmann, WC, Lan, YB, Fritz, BK, 2013. Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nethemba lobuchwepheshe bezimoto zasemoyeni ezinganamuntu zokukhiqiza ezolimo
abaphathi. Int. J. Agric. I-Biol. Eng. 6 (3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3965/j. ijabe.20130603.001.
U-Huang, Y., Hoffmann, WC, Lan, Y., Wu, W., Fritz, BK, 2009. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yesifutho yeplathifomu yezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu. Uhlelo lokusebenza. Eng. I-Agric. 25 (6), 803–809.
Hunt Jr., ER, Dean Hively, W., Fujikawa, SJ, Linden, DS, Daughtry, CST, McCarty, GW, 2010. Ukutholwa kwezithombe zedijithali ze-NIR-green-blue kusuka
izindiza ezingenamuntu zokuqapha izitshalo. Inzwa Ekude 2 (1), 290–305. https://doi. org/10.3390/rs2010290. Inoue, Y., 2020. Inzwa eyihlane esekwe kwisathelayithi- ne-drone yezitshalo nenhlabathi yokulima okuhlakaniphile—isibuyekezo. I-Soil Sci. I-Plant Nutr. 66 (6), 798–810. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2020.1738899.
I-Islam, N., Rashid, MM, Pasandideh, F., Ray, B., Moore, S., Kadel, R., 2021. Ukubuyekezwa kwezicelo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-Inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) kanye
I-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) esekelwe ukulima okusimeme okuzinzile. Ukuzinza 13 (4), 1821. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041821.
Jaud, M., Passot, S., Le Bivic, R., Delacourt, C., Grandjean, P., Le Dantec, N., 2016. Ukuhlola ukunemba kwamamodeli angaphezulu kwedijithali anokucaca okuphezulu ahlanganiswe
I-PhotoScan® ne-MicMac® ezimeni zenhlolovo esezingeni eliphansi. Inzwa Ekude 8 (6), https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8060465.
Jim´enez-Brenes, FM, Lopez-Granados, ´ F., Castro, AI, Torres-S´ anchez, J., Serrano, N., Pena, ˜ JM, 2017. Ukulinganisa imithelela yokuthena ekwakhiweni kwesihlahla somnqumo kanye nonyaka ukukhula kwe-canopy ngokusebenzisa imodeli ye-3D esekwe ku-UAV. Izindlela Zezitshalo 13 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-017-0205-3.
Jin, X., Liu, S., Baret, F., Hemerle, M., Comar, A., 2017. Izilinganiso zokuminyana kwezitshalo zikakolweni ekuqhamukeni kwesithombe se-UAV sobude obuphansi kakhulu. Ama-Remote Sens.
Imvelo. 198, 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.007.
Jinbo, C., Xiangliang, C., Han-Chi, F., Lam, A., 2019. Uhlelo lokuqapha umkhiqizo wezolimo olusekelwa i-cloud computing. I-Cluster Comput. 22 (4), 8929–8938.
Ju, C., & Son, HI 2018a. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinhlelo eziningi ze-UAV zokuzwa ukude kwezolimo. Izinqubo Zomhlangano Wokucobelelana ngolwazi mayelana nombono weRobhothi kanye Nesenzo Kwezolimo eNgqungqutheleni Yamazwe Ngamazwe ye-IEEE yeRobhothi nokuzenzakalelayo (ICRA), eBrisbane, e-Australia, 21–26.
Ju, C., Son, HI, 2018b. Izinhlelo eziningi ze-UAV zezicelo zezolimo: ukulawula, ukuqaliswa, nokuhlola. I-Electronics 7 (9), 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/
electronics7090162.
Jung, J., Maeda, M., Chang, A., Bhandari, M., Ashapure, A., Landivar-Bowles, J., 2021. Amandla enzwa ekude kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa njengamathuluzi okuthuthukisa
ukuqina kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezolimo. I-Curr. Opin. I-Biotechnol. 70, 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2020.09.003.
Kalischuk, M., Paret, ML, Freeman, JH, Raj, D., Da Silva, S., Eubanks, S., Wiggins, DJ, Lollar, M., Marois, JJ, Mellinger, HC, Das, J. , 2019. Indlela ethuthukisiwe yokuhlola isitshalo ehlanganisa nemoto yasemoyeni engaphethwe muntu-isize izithombe zezitshalo eziningi zibe umkhuba ovamile wokuhlola we-gummy stem blight ekhabeni. Plant Dis. 103 (7), 1642–1650.
Kapoor, KK, Tamilmani, K., Rana, NP, Patil, P., Dwivedi, YK, Nerur, S., 2018. Intuthuko ocwaningweni lwezokuxhumana zenhlalo: okwedlule, okwamanje kanye nekusasa. Yazisa. Uhlelo. Ngaphambili. 20
(3), i-531-558.
I-Kerkech, M., Hafiane, A., Canals, R., 2020. VddNet: inethiwekhi yokutholwa kwezifo zomvini esekelwe ezithombeni ezibonisa izinto eziningi kanye nemephu ejulile. Inzwa Ekude 12 (20), 3305. https://doi. org/10.3390/rs12203305.
Khaliq, A., Comba, L., Biglia, A., Ricauda Aimonino, D., Chiaberge, M., Gay, P., 2019. Ukuqhathaniswa kwesathelayithi kanye nesithombe se-UAV se-multispectral esisekelwe ku-UAV
ukuhlolwa kokuhlukahluka. Inzwa Ekude 11 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040436.
I-Khan, PW, Byun, Y.-C., Park, N., 2020. I-IoT-blockchain inike amandla isistimu ye-provenance elungiselelwe yemboni yokudla engu-4.0 isebenzisa ukufunda okujulile okuthuthukile. Izinzwa 20 (10), 2990.
Khan, RU, Khan, K., Albattah, W., Qamar, AM, Ullah, F., 2021. Ukutholwa kwezifo zezitshalo okusekelwe esithombeni: kusukela ekufundeni komshini wakudala kuya ohambweni lokufunda olujulile. I-Wireless Commun. Ikhompyutha yeselula. 2021, 1–13.
Khan, S., Tufail, M., Khan, MT, Khan, ZA, Iqbal, J., Alam, M., Le, KNQ, 2021. Uhlaka lwenoveli olugadwe kancane lokuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo/ukhula lwe-UAV. I-PLoS ONE 16 (5), e0251008.
Khanal, S., Fulton, J., Shearer, S., 2017. Uhlolojikelele lwezicelo zamanje nezingase zibe khona zenzwa ekude eshisayo ekulimeni okunembayo. Ikhompyutha. I-electron.
I-Agric. 139, 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.05.001.
I-Khanna, A., Kaur, S., 2019. I-Evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) kanye nomthelela wayo obalulekile emkhakheni we-Precision Agriculture. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 157, 218–231.
Kim, W., Khan, GF, Wood, J., Mahmood, MT, 2016. Ukuzibandakanya kwabasebenzi ezinhlanganweni ezizinzile: ukuhlaziywa kwamagama angukhiye kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nokuqhuma
indlela yokuthola. Ukuzinza 8 (7), 631.
Kirsch, M., Lorenz, S., Zimmermann, R., Tusa, L., Mockel, ¨ R., Hodl, ¨ P., Booysen, R., Khodadadzadeh, M., Gloaguen, R., 2018. Ukuhlanganiswa yasemhlabeni kanye ne-drone-borne
izindlela zokuzwa ze-hyperspectral kanye ne-photogrammetric zokuhlola imephu nokuqapha kwezimayini. Inzwa Ekude 10 (9), 1366. https://doi.org/10.3390/
rs10091366.
I-Kitano, BT, Mendes, CCT, Geus, AR, Oliveira, HC, Souza, JR, 2019. Ukubala kwesitshalo sommbila kusetshenziswa ukufunda okujulile nemifanekiso ye-UAV. IEEE Geosci. Ama-Remote Sens. Lett. 1–5 https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2019.2930549.
I-Koh, JCO, Spangenberg, G., Kant, S., 2021. Ukufunda ngomshini okuzenzakalelayo kwe-highthroughput photo-based phenotyping yezitshalo. Inzwa Ekude 13 (5), 858. https://
doi.org/10.3390/rs13050858.
I-Kovalev, IV, Voroshilova, AA, 2020. Izinkambiso zesimanje zobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ecosystem ye-cargo UAVs. J. Phys. Conf. I-Ser. 1515 (5), 052068 https://doi. org/10.1088/1742-6596/1515/5/052068.
Krul, S., Pantos, C., Frangulea, M., Valente, J., 2021. I-Visual SLAM yemfuyo yasendlini kanye nokulima kusetshenziswa i-drone encane enekhamera ye-monocular: ucwaningo lokungenzeka.
I-Drones 5 (2), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5020041.
Kulbacki, M., Segen, J., Knie'c, W., Klempous, R., Kluwak, K., Nikodem, J., Kulbacka, J., Serester, A., 2018. Inhlolovo yama-drones e-automation yezolimo kusukela ekutshaleni kuya
isivuno. Ku-: INES 2018 - I-IEEE 22nd International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, pp. 000353–358. https://doi.org/10.1109/INES.2018.8523943.
I-Lagkas, T., Argyriou, V., Bibi, S., Sarigiannidis, P., 2018. Ukubukwa kohlaka lwe-UAV IoT nezinselele: maqondana nokuvikela ama-drones njengokuthi "Izinto". Izinzwa 18 (11), 4015. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18114015.
I-Laliberte, AS, Rango, A., 2011. Izinqubo zokucutshungulwa kwesithombe nezigaba zokuhlaziywa kwesithombe sedesimitha engaphansi etholwe ngendiza engenamuntu endaweni eyomile
ama-rangelands. I-GISci. Ama-Remote Sens. 48 (1), 4–23. https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.48.1.4.
I-Laliberte, AS, Rango, A., Herrick, JE, 2007. Izimoto zasemoyeni ezinganamuntu zokwenziwa kwemephu nokuqapha kwe-rangeland: ukuqhathaniswa kwezinhlelo ezimbili. Izinqubo Zenkomfa Yonyaka ye-ASPRS.
Lam, OHY, Dogotari, M., Prüm, M., Vithlani, HN, Roers, C., Melville, B., Zimmer, F., Becker, R., 2021. Umthombo ovulekile wokugeleza komsebenzi wokumepha ukhula endaweni enotshani yomdabu
usebenzisa inqola yasemoyeni engenamuntu: Ukusebenzisa iRumex obtusifolius njengesibonelo isifundo. I-Eur. J.Remote Sens. 54 (sup1), 71–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/22797254.2020.1793687.
Lambert, DM, Lowenberg-DeBoer, J., Griffin, TW, Peone, J., Payne, T., Daberkow, SG, 2004. Ukutholwa, inzuzo, nokusebenzisa kangcono idatha yokulima enembayo.
Iphepha lokusebenza. Inyuvesi yasePurdue. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.28615.
I-Lelong, CCD, Burger, P., Jubelin, G., Roux, B., Labb'e, S., Baret, F., 2008. Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ukuze kuqashwe ubuningi besivuno sikakolweni ezingxenyeni ezincane. Izinzwa 8 (5), 3557–3585. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8053557.
Li, C., Niu, B., 2020. Idizayini yezolimo ehlakaniphile esekelwe kudatha enkulu kanye ne-inthanethi yezinto. Int. J. Distribution. I-Sens. Netw. 16 (5) ttps://doi.org/10.1177/1550147720917065.
Li, W., Niu, Z., Chen, H., Li, D., Wu, M., Zhao, W., 2016. Isilinganiso esikude sobude be-canopy kanye ne-biomass yommbila engaphezu komhlaba kusetshenziswa izithombe zestereo zokulungiswa okuphezulu uhlelo lwezimoto zasemoyeni ezingabizi kakhulu. I-Ecol. I-Ind. 67, 637-648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.036.
Liakos, KG, Busato, P., Moshou, D., Pearson, S., Bochtis, D., 2018. Ukufunda ngomshini kwezolimo: isibuyekezo. Izinzwa 18 (8), 2674.
Liebisch, F., Kirchgessner, N., Schneider, D., Walter, A., Hund, A., 2015. Isilawuli kude, i-aerial phenotyping yezimpawu zommbila nge-mobile multi-sensor approach. Izindlela Zezitshalo 11 (1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-015-0048-8.
Lin, Z., Guo, W., 2020. Ukutholwa kokwethuka kwamabele nokubala kusetshenziswa izithombe zesistimu yasemoyeni ezingenamuntu nokufunda okujulile. Ngaphambili. Isitshalo Sci. 11.
Liu, S., Guo, L., Webb, H., Ya, X., Chang, X., 2019. Isistimu yokuqapha ye-inthanethi Yezinto ye-eco-agriculture yesimanje esekelwe kukhompyutha yamafu. IEEE Finyelela ku-7, 37050–37058.
I-Lopez-Granados, ´ F., 2011. Ukutholwa kokhula ekulawuleni ukhula okuqondene nesayithi: imephu nezindlela zesikhathi sangempela. Ukhula Res. 51 (1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00829.x.
Lopez-Granados, ´ F., Torres-Sanchez, ´ J., De Castro, A.-I., Serrano-Perez, A., MesasCarrascosa, F.-J., Pena, ˜ J.-M. , 2016. Ukuqapha kusenesikhathi okusekelwe entweni kokhula olutshani otshanini kusetshenziswa isithombe se-UAV sokucaca okuphezulu. I-Agron. Phakamisa. I-Dev. 36 (4), 1–12
Lopez-Granados, ´ F., Torres-S'anchez, J., Serrano-Perez, A., de Castro, AI, MesasCarrascosa, F.-J., Pena, ˜ J.-M., 2016. Ukudweba ukhula lwesizini yakuqala kubhekilanga kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-UAV: ukuhlukahluka kwamamephu okwelapha ukhula ngokumelene nemikhawulo yokhula. Precis. I-Agric. 17 (2), 183–199.
Lucieer, A., Malenovský, Z., Veness, T., Wallace, L., 2014. I-HyperUAS - i-imaging spectroscopy evela kusistimu yezindiza ezingenamuntu eziningi. J. Field Rob. 31 (4),
571–590. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.21508.
U-Lumme, J., Karjalainen, M., Kaartinen, H., Kukko, A., Hyyppa, ¨ J., Hyypp¨ a, H., Jaakkola, A., & Kleemola, J., 2008. I-Terrestrial laser scanning izitshalo zezolimo. Ku-JJ
U-Chen J. Maas H–G. (Umhl.), Izingobo Zomlando Zamazwe Ngamazwe Ze-Photogrammetry, Inzwa Ekude kanye Nesayensi Yolwazi Lwendawo—Izinqolobane ze-ISPRS (Umqulu 37, amakhasi 563–566).
Inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ye-Photogrammetry kanye ne-Remote Sensing. https://www.scopus .com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919356328&partnerID=40&md5=574
b802131a99d16318ce619a01ca1bf.
Ma, L., Li, M., Ma, X., Cheng, L., Du, P., Liu, Y., 2017. Ukubuyekezwa kwesigaba sesithombe sekhava yezwe esisekelwe kwinto egadiwe. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Ama-Remote Sens. 130,
277–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.06.001.
I-Maes, WH, Steppe, K., 2019. Imibono yenzwa ekude ngezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ekulimeni okunembayo. Amathrendi Plant Sci. 24 (2), 152–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2018.11.007.
Maimaitijiang, M., Ghulam, A., Sidike, P., Hartling, S., Maimaitiyiming, M., Peterson, K., Shavers, E., Fishman, J., Peterson, J., Kadam, S., Burken, J., Fritschi, F., 2017.
I-Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)-based phenotyping kabhontshisi wesoya kusetshenziswa ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha yezinzwa eziningi kanye nomshini wokufunda ngokwedlulele. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Ama-Remote Sens. 134, 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.10.011. Maimaitijiang, M., Sagan, V., Sidike, P., Daloye, AM, Erkbol, H., Fritschi, FB, 2020.
Ukuqapha ukunqampuna kusetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa idatha yesathelayithi/UAV nokufunda komshini. Inzwa Ekude 12 (9), 1357. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12091357.
Manfreda, S., McCabe, M., Miller, P., Lucas, R., Pajuelo Madrigal, V., Mallinis, G., Ben Dor, E., Helman, D., Estes, L., Ciraolo, G. ., Müllerova, ´ J., Tauro, F., de Lima, M., de
Lima, J., Maltese, A., Frances, F., Caylor, K., Kohv, M., Perks, M., Ruiz-Perez, G., Su, Z., Vico, G., Toth , B., 2018. Ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlelo zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ze
ukuqapha imvelo. Inzwa Ekude 10 (4), 641.
Marinko, RA, 1998. Izingcaphuno zamajenali ezifundo zabesifazane kuma-dissertations, 1989 kanye ne-The Serials Librarian 35 (1–2), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1300/J123v35n01_
03.
I-Masroor, R., Naeem, M., Ejaz, W., 2021. Ukuphathwa kwezinsiza kumanethiwekhi angenantambo asizwa yi-UAV: umbono wokuthuthukisa. I-Ad Hoc Netw. 121, 102596 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2021.102596.
I-Matese, A., Di Gennaro, SF, 2018. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo zeplathifomu ye-UAV ye-multisensor esekelwe ezithombeni zokucaca okuphezulu kwe-multispectral, ezishisayo ne-RGB ngokunemba
i-viticulture. Ezolimo 8 (7), 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8070116.
Matese, A., Di Gennaro, SF, 2021. Ngale kwenkomba ye-NDVI evamile njengento eyinhloko yokusabalalisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-UAV ekulimeni okunembayo kwe-viticulture. Isayensi. I-Rep. 11 (1), 2721. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81652-3.
Matese, A., Toscano, P., Di Gennaro, SF, Genesio, L., Vaccari, FP, Primicerio, J., Belli, C., Zaldei, A., Bianconi, R., Gioli, B., 2015 I-Intercomparison ye-UAV, izindiza
kanye nezinkundla zesethelayithi zokuzwa okukude zokunemba kwe-viticulture. Inzwa Ekude 7 (3), 2971–2990. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70302971.
I-Mazzia, V., Comba, L., Khaliq, A., Chiaberge, M., Gay, P., 2020. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-UAV nokufunda ngomshini kwenkomba yezitshalo eshayelwa isathelayithi ukuze uthole ukunemba
ezolimo. Izinzwa 20 (9), 2530. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092530.
McCain, KW, 1990. Ababhali bemephu endaweni yobuhlakani: uhlolojikelele lobuchwepheshe. J. Am. I-Soc. Ulwazi. Isayensi. 41 (6), 433–443.
I-Meinen, BU, Robinson, DT, 2021. Ukumodela kokuguguleka kwezolimo: ukuhlola izilinganiso zokuguguleka kwesilinganiso senkambu ye-USLE ne-WEPP kusetshenziswa idatha yochungechunge lwesikhathi lwe-UAV. Imvelo. Imodeli. Isofthiwe 137, 104962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.104962.
I-Melville, B., Lucieer, A., Aryal, J., 2019. Ukuhlelwa kwemiphakathi yasethafeni eliphansi kusetshenziswa i-hyperspectral Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Imagery in the
Iziqhingi zaseTasmania. Ama-drones 3 (1), 5.
Messina, G., Modica, G., 2020. Ukusetshenziswa kwesithombe esishisayo se-UAV ekulimeni okunembayo: isimo sobuciko kanye nombono wocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo. Inzwa Ekude 12 (9), https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12091491.
Mishra, D., Luo, Z., Jiang, S., Papadopoulos, T., Dubey, R., 2017. Ucwaningo lwebhayibheli ngedatha enkulu: imiqondo, izitayela nezinselele. Ukuphathwa Kwenqubo Yebhizinisi. J. 23 (3),
555-573.
Mochida, K., Saisho, D., Hirayama, T., 2015. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kusetshenziswa amasethi edatha omjikelezo wokuphila atholwe ngaphansi kwezimo zenkambu. Ngaphambili. Isitshalo Sci. 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/
fpls.2015.00740.
Mogili, UM.R., Deepak, BBVL, 2018. Buyekeza ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-drone ekulimeni okunembayo. I-Procedia Comput. Isayensi. 133, 502–509.
Moharana, S., Dutta, S., 2016. Ukuhlukahluka kwesikhala kwe-chlorophyll nokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen kwerayisi kusukela kumfanekiso we-hyperspectral. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Ama-Remote Sens. 122, 17–29.
Muangprathub, J., Boonnam, N., Kajornkasirat, S., Lekbangpong, N., Wanichsombat, A.,
Nillaor, P., 2019. IoT kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yezolimo ye-smart farm. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 156, 467–474.
Nansen, C., Elliott, N., 2016. Inzwa yesilawuli kude kanye nephrofayili yokubonisa ku-entomology. Annu. Umfundisi Entomol. 61 (1), 139–158. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento010715-023834.
Navia, J., Mondragon, I., Patino, D., Colorado, J., 2016. Multispectral mapping in Agriculture: terrain mosaic using an autonomous quadcopter UAV. Int. Conf.
I-Unmanned Aircraft Syst. (ICUAS) 2016, 1351–1358. https://doi.org/10.1109/ ICUAS.2016.7502606.
Nayyar, A., Nguyen, B.-L., Nguyen, NG, 2020. I-inthanethi yezinto ze-drone (Iodt): umbono wesikhathi esizayo wama-smart drones. Adv. Intell. Uhlelo. Ikhompyutha. 1045, 563–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0029-9_45.
I-Nebiker, S., Annen, A., Scherrer, M., Oesch, D., 2008. Inzwa ye-multispectral enesisindo esikhanyayo ye-micro UAV—amathuba okunzwa okukude kakhulu okusemoyeni. Int. I-Arch. I-Photogramm. Izinzwa ezikude. I-Spat. Inf. I-Sci 37 (B1), 1193–1200.
Negash, L., Kim, H.-Y., Choi, H.-L., 2019. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisafufusa ze-UAV kwezolimo. Ku: 2019 7th International Conference on Robot Intelligence Technology kanye
Izicelo (RiTA), amakhasi 254–257. https://doi.org/10.1109/RITAPP.2019.8932853.
I-Nerur, i-SP, i-Rasheed, i-AA, i-Natarajan, i-V., i-2008. Isakhiwo sobuhlakani senkambu yokuphatha amasu: ukuhlaziywa kwe-co-citation yombhali. Isu. Phatha. J. 29 (3),
319-336.
I-Neupane, K., Baysal-Gurel, F., 2021. Ukuhlonza okuzenzakalelayo nokuqapha kwezifo zezitshalo kusetshenziswa izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu: ukubuyekezwa. Inzwa Ekude 13 (19), 3841. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193841.
I-Nex, F., Remondino, F., 2014. I-UAV yezinhlelo zokusebenza zemephu ye-3D: isibuyekezo. Uhlelo lokusebenza. I-Geomatics 6 (1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-013-0120-x.
Niu, H., Hollenbeck, D., Zhao, T., Wang, D., Chen, Y., 2020. Isilinganiso se-Evapotranspiration esinama-UAV amancane ekulimeni okunembayo. Izinzwa 20 (22), 6427. https://
doi.org/10.3390/s20226427.
Osareh, F., 1996. I-Bibliometrics, Ukuhlaziywa Kwengcaphuno kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kwe-Co-Citation. Ukubukezwa Kwezincwadi I 46 (3), 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1515/libr.1996.46.3.149.
P´adua, L., Vanko, J., Hruˇska, J., Ad˜ ao, T., Sousa, JJ, Peres, E., Morais, R., 2017. I-UAS, izinzwa, nokucutshungulwa kwedatha ku-agroforestry: ukubuyekezwa mayelana nezicelo ezingokoqobo. Int. J. Remote Sens. 38 (8–10), 2349–2391. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1297548.
I-Panday, US, Pratihast, AK, Aryal, J., Kayastha, RB, 2020. Ukubuyekezwa kwezixazululo zedatha ezisekelwe ku-drone zezitshalo zokusanhlamvu. Ama-drones 4 (3), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/
ama-drones4030041.
I-Parsaeian, M., Shahabi, M., Hassanpour, H., 2020. Ukulinganisa okuqukethwe kwamafutha nephrotheni embewu yesesame kusetshenziswa ukucubungula izithombe kanye nenethiwekhi ye-neural yokwenziwa. J. Am. Amafutha
I-Chemists' Soc. 97 (7), 691–702.
Pena, ˜ JM, Torres-Sanchez, J., de Castro, AI, Kelly, M., Lopez-Granados, ´ F., Suarez, O., Ukwenza imephu yokhula emasimini ommbila wesizini yokuqala kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya okusekelwe ezintweni kwe
Imoto yasemoyeni engaphethwe (UAV) Izithombe. I-PLoS ONE 8 (10), e77151.
Perez-Ortiz, M., Pena, ˜ JM, Guti'errez, PA, Torres-S´anchez, J., Herv' as-Martínez, C.,
I-Lopez-Granados, ´ F., 2015. Isistimu egadiwe kancane yokudweba ukhula ezitshalweni zikabhekilanga kusetshenziswa izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu kanye nendlela yokuthola imigqa yezitshalo. Uhlelo lokusebenza. Ikhompuyutha Ethambile. J. 37, 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2015.08.027.
I-Pincheira, M., Vecchio, M., Giaffreda, R., Kanhere, SS, 2021. Amadivayisi e-IoT angabizi njengemithombo yedatha ethembekile yohlelo lokuphatha amanzi olusekelwe ku-blockchain ekulimeni okunembayo. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 180, 105889.
Popescu, D., Stoican, F., Stamatescu, G., Ichim, L., Dragana, C., 2020. Uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lwe-UAV–WSN lokuqapha okuhlakaniphile kwezolimo olunembayo. Izinzwa 20 (3), https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030817.
I-Pournader, M., Shi, Y., Seuring, S., Koh, SL, 2020. Izicelo ze-Blockchain kumaketanga wokuhlinzeka, ezokuthutha kanye ne-logistics: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwezincwadi. Int. J. Prod. I-Res. 58 (7), 2063–2081.
I-Primicerio, J., Di Gennaro, SF, Fiorillo, E., Genesio, L., Lugato, E., Matese, A., Vaccari, FP, 2012. Imoto yasemoyeni eguquguqukayo engenamuntu yokulima ngokunemba.
Precis. I-Agric. 13 (4), 517–523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-012-9257-6.
Pritchard, A., 1969. I-Statistical bibliography noma i-bibliometrics. J. Idokhumenti. 25 (4), 348–349.
I-Pudelko, R., Stuczynski, T., Borzecka-Walker, M., 2012. Ukufaneleka kwemoto yasemoyeni engaphethwe muntu (UAV) ukuze kuhlolwe amasimu okuhlola nezitshalo. Ezolimo 99 (4), 431–436.
Puri, V., Nayyar, A., Raja, L., 2017. Ama-drones ezolimo: impumelelo yesimanje ekulimeni okunembayo. J. Izibalo. Phatha. Uhlelo. 20 (4), 507–518.
I-Radoglou-Grammatikis, P., Sarigiannidis, P., Lagkas, T., Moscholios, I., 2020. Iqoqo lezicelo ze-UAV zokunemba kwezolimo. Ikhompyutha. I-Netw. 172,
107148 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107148.
Ramesh, KV, Rakesh, V., Prakasa Rao, EVS, 2020. Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlaziya idatha enkulu kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ocwaningweni lwezolimo. UmNdiya J. Agron. 65 (4), 383–395.
Raparelli, E., Bajocco, S., 2019. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-bibliometric ekusetshenzisweni kwezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ezifundweni zezolimo nezamahlathi. Int. J. Remote Sens. 40 (24),
9070–9083. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1569793.
Rasmussen, J., Nielsen, J., Garcia-Ruiz, F., Christensen, S., Streibig, JC, Lotz, B., 2013.
Ukusetshenziswa okungase kube khona kwezinhlelo zezindiza ezincane ezingenamuntu (UAS) ocwaningweni lokhula. Ukhula Res. 53 (4), 242–248.
Rasmussen, J., Ntakos, G., Nielsen, J., Svensgaard, J., Poulsen, RN, Christensen, S., Ingabe izinkomba zezitshalo ezithathwe kumakhamera ebanga abathengi afakwe
Ama-UAV athembeke ngokwanele ekuhloleni iziza zokuhlola? I-Eur. J. Agron. 74, 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2015.11.026.
Rejeb, A., Rejeb, K., Abdollahi, A., Zailani, S., Iranmanesh, M., Ghobakhloo, M., 2022. Ukufakwa kwedijithali kumaketanga okunikezwa kokudla: ukubuyekezwa kwebhayibheli kanye nendlela eyinhloko yomzila
ukuhlaziywa. Ukuzinza 14 (1), 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010083.
Rejeb, A., Rejeb, K., Simske, SJ, Treiblmaier, H., 2021a. I-Drones yokuphathwa kwe-supply chain kanye ne-Logistics: ukubuyekezwa kanye ne-ajenda yocwaningo. Int. J. Logist. I-Res. Uhlelo lokusebenza.
1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2021.1981273.
Rejeb, A., Rejeb, K., Simske, S., Treiblmaier, H., 2021b. Ubuchwepheshe be-Blockchain ku-logistics kanye nokuphathwa kwe-supply chain: ukubuyekezwa kwe-bibliometric. Izinto 5 (4), 72.
https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5040072.
Rejeb, A., Rejeb, K., Simske, S., Treiblmaier, H., 2021c. Ama-drones okusiza abantu: i-ajenda yokubuyekeza kanye nocwaningo. I-inthanethi Yezinto 16, 100434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
iot.2021.100434.
Rejeb, A., Treiblmaier, H., Rejeb, K., Zailani, S., 2021d. Ucwaningo lweBlockchain ekunakekelweni kwezempilo: ukubuyekezwa kwe-bibliometric kanye nezitayela zamanje zocwaningo. J. Wedatha, Inf. futhi
Phatha. 3 (2), 109–124.
Rejeb, A., Simske, S., Rejeb, K., Treiblmaier, H., Zailani, S., 2020. Ucwaningo lwe-inthanethi Yezinto ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain management and logistics: a bibliometric analysis. I-inthanethi
Kwezinto 12, 100318.
ReportLinker, 2021. I-Global Agriculture Drones Market Izofinyelela US$15.2 Billion ngonyaka Igumbi Lezindaba LeGlobeNewswire. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/08/10/2277986/0/en/Global-Agriculture-Drones-Market-to-Reach-US-15-2-Billion-by-the- Unyaka-2027.html.
Ribeiro-Gomes, K., Hernandez-L ´ opez, ´ D., Ortega, JF, Ballesteros, R., Poblete, T.,Moreno, MA, 2017. Ukulinganiswa kwekhamera eshisayo engapholisiwe kanye nokwenza kahle kwekhamera
inqubo ye-photogrammetry yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-UAV kwezolimo. Izinzwa (Switzerland) 17 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102173.
Rivera, MA, Pizam, A., 2015. Intuthuko ocwaningweni lwe-hospitality: “From Rodney Dangerfield to Aretha Franklin”. Int. J. Contempora. Isibhedlela. Phatha. 27 (3),
362–378. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2014-0146.
Roldan, ´ JJ, Joossen, G., Sanz, D., Del Cerro, J., Barrientos, A., 2015. I-Mini-UAV based sensory system yokulinganisa ukuguquguquka kwemvelo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Izinzwa 15 (2), 3334–3350. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150203334.
I-Rozenberg, G., Kent, R., Blank, L., 2021. I-UAV yezinga lomthengi isetshenziselwe ukuthola nokuhlaziya amaphethini okusatshalaliswa kokhula kwesizini yakamuva ezinsimini zika-anyanisi zentengiso. Precis. I-Agric. 22 (4), 1317–1332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-021-09786-y.
Saari, H., Pellikka, I., Pesonen, L., Tuominen, S., Heikkila, ¨ J., Holmlund, C., Makynen, ¨ J., Ojala, K., Antila, T., 2011. Unmanned Imoto yasemoyeni (i-UAV) esebenza ngohlelo lwekhamera ye-spectral yezinhlelo zokusebenza zehlathi nezolimo. Qhubeka. I-SPIE - Int. I-Soc. Khetha. Eng. 8174 https://doi.org/10.1117/12.897585.
Sah, B., Gupta, R., Bani-Hani, D., 2021. Ukuhlaziywa kwezithiyo zokuqalisa ukusebenza kwe-drone logistics. Int. J. Logist. I-Res. Uhlelo lokusebenza. 24 (6), 531–550. https://doi.org/10.1080/
13675567.2020.1782862.
I-Saha, AK, Saha, J., Ray, R., Sircar, S., Dutta, S., Chattopadhyay, SP, & Saha, HN, I-IOT-based drone yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezitshalo emkhakheni wezolimo. Nge-SH
N. Chakrabarti S. (Umhl.), 2018 IEEE 8th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference, CCWC 2018 (Vols. 2018-January, pp. 612–615). Isikhungo
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. doi: 10.1109/CCWC.2018.8301662.
I-Sai Vineeth, KV, Vara Prasad, YR, Dubey, SR, Venkataraman, H., 2019. I-LEDCOM: inoveli nokuxhumana okusekelwe kwe-LED okunembayo kwezolimo olunembayo. I-IEEE Conf. Ulwazi. Umphakathi. Ubuchwepheshe. 2019, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/CICT48419.2019.9066177.
I-Salamí, E., Barrado, C., Pastor, E., 2014. Ukuhlolwa kwendiza ye-UAV kusetshenziswe inzwa ekude yezindawo ezitshalwe. Inzwa Ekude 6 (11), 11051–11081. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61111051.
I-Sankaran, S., Khot, LR, Espinoza, CZ, Jarolmasjed, S., Sathuvalli, VR, Vandemark, GJ, Miklas, PN, Carter, AH, Pumphrey, MO, Knowles, NRN, Pavek, MJ, 2015.
Ubude obuphansi, amasistimu wokuthwebula izithombe zasemoyeni anesinqumo esiphezulu sephenotyping yezitshalo zomugqa nensimu: ukubuyekezwa. I-Eur. J. Agron. 70, 112–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
eja.2015.07.004.
I-Santesteban, LG, Di Gennaro, SF, Herrero-Langreo, A., Miranda, C., Royo, JB, Matese, A., 2017. I-high-resolution high-resolution UAV-based imaging thermal ukulinganisa
ukushintshashintsha kweso kanye nangesizini kwesimo samanzi ezitshalo ngaphakathi kwesivini. I-Agric. Umphathi Wamanzi. 183, 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.08.026.
Sarli, CC, Dubinsky, EK, Holmes, KL, 2010. Ngale kokuhlaziywa kwengcaphuno: Imodeli yokuhlolwa komthelela wocwaningo. J. Med. I-Library Assoc. : JMLA 98 (1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.98.1.008.
Schaepman, ME, Ustin, SL, Plaza, AJ, Painter, TH, Verrelst, J., Liang, S., 2009. I-imaging spectroscopy ehlobene nesistimu yomhlaba—ukuhlola. I-Remote Sens. Environ. 113, S123–S137.
Schirrmann, M., Giebel, A., Gleiniger, F., Pflanz, M., Lentschke, J., Dammer, K.-H., 2016. Ukuqapha amapharamitha we-agronomic wezitshalo zikakolweni wasebusika nge-UAV ebiza kancane
izithombe. Inzwa Ekude 8 (9). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8090706.
I-Schmale III, DG, Dingus, BR, Reinholtz, C., 2008. Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemoto yasemoyeni engenamuntu ezimele ukuze kuthathwe amasampula e-aerobiological anembile ngenhla
amasimu ezolimo. J. Field Rob. 25 (3), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20232.
Shadrin, D., Menshchikov, A., Somov, A., Bornemann, G., Hauslage, J., Fedorov, M.,
Ukunika amandla ezolimo ezinembayo ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezishumekiwe ezinobuhlakani bokwenziwa. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 69 (7), 4103–4113.
Shakhatreh, H., Sawalmeh, AH, Al-Fuqaha, A., Dou, Z., Almaita, E., Khalil, I.,
Othman, NS, Khreishah, A., Guizani, M., 2019. Izimoto Zasemoyeni Ezingenamuntu (UAVs): inhlolovo mayelana nezicelo zomphakathi nezinselele zocwaningo ezibalulekile. Ukufinyelela kwe-IEEE 7,
48572–48634. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2909530.
I-Shakoor, N., Northrup, D., Murray, S., Mockler, TC, 2019. Ezolimo eziqhutshwa idatha enkulu: ukuhlaziya idatha enkulu ekuzalweni kwezitshalo, i-genomics, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ezikude
ubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wezitshalo. I-Plant Phenome J. 2 (1), 1–8.
U-Sharma, BK, Chandra, G., Mishra, VP, 2019. Ukuhlaziywa Okuqhathaniswayo kanye Nethonya le-UAV ne-AI Ophenyweni Lwezobunhloli. Ku: Izinqubo - 2019 Amity International
Ingqungquthela Yezobuhlakani Bezokwenziwa. https://doi.org/10.1109/AICAI.2019.8701407.
U-Sharma, R., Shishodia, A., Gunasekaran, A., Min, H., Munim, ZH, 2022. Iqhaza lobuhlakani bokwenziwa ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain: ukwenza imephu yendawo. Int. J.
I-Prod. I-Res. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2022.2029611.
Shi, Y., Thomasson, JA, Murray, SC, Pugh, NA, Rooney, WL, Shafian, S., Rajan, N., Rouze, G., Morgan, CLS, Neely, HL, Rana, A., Bagavathiannan , MV,
Henrickson, J., Bowden, E., Valasek, J., Olsenholler, J., Bishop, MP, Sheridan, R., Putman, EB, Popescu, S., Burks, T., Cope, D., Ibrahim, A., McCutchen, BF,
I-Baltensperger, DD, Avant, RV, Vidrine, M., Yang, C., Zhang, J., 2016. Izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ze-high-throughput phenotyping kanye nocwaningo lwe-agronomic. I-PLoS EYODWA
11 (7), e0159781.
I-Shuai, G., Martinez-Feria, RA, Zhang, J., Li, S., Price, R., Basso, B., 2019. Ukuthwebula ukuma kommbila okuhlukile kuzo zonke izindawo zokuzinza kwesivuno kusetshenziswa i-Unmanned Aerial
Izimoto (UAV). Izinzwa 19 (20), 4446. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204446.
Small, H., 1973. Co-citation ezincwadini zesayensi: isilinganiso esisha sobudlelwane phakathi kwemibhalo emibili. J. Am. I-Soc. Ulwazi. Isayensi. 24 (4), 265–269.
Small, H., Rorvig, ME, Lunin, LF, 1999. Ukubona ngeso lengqondo isayensi ngokucaphuna imephu. J. Am. I-Soc. Ulwazi. Isayensi. 50 (9), 799–813.
I-Soares, i-VHA, i-Ponti, i-MA, i-Gonçalves, i-RA, i-Campello, i-RJGB, i-2021. Ukubalwa kwezinkomo endle ngezithombe zasemoyeni ze-geolocated ezindaweni ezinkulu zamadlelo. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 189, 106354 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106354.
I-Srivastava, K., Pandey, PC, Sharma, JK, 2020. Indlela yokuthuthukisa umzila ekusetshenzisweni kokunemba kwezolimo kusetshenziswa ama-UAV. I-Drones 4 (3), 58. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/drones4030058.
Stafford, JV, 2000. Ukusebenzisa ezolimo ngokunemba ekhulwini lama-21. J. Agric. Eng. I-Res. 76 (3), 267–275.
Su, J., Coombes, M., Liu, C., Guo, L., Chen, W.-H., 2018. Ukuhlolwa kwesomiso sikakolweni ngesithombe senzwa ekude kusetshenziswa imoto yasemoyeni engenamuntu. Ngo-2018 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC).
Su, J., Liu, C., Coombes, M., Hu, X., Wang, C., Xu, X., Li, Q., Guo, L., Chen, W.-H., 2018. Ukuqapha ukugqwala okuphuzi kukakolweni ngokufunda ezithombeni zasemoyeni ze-UAV ezibukwa ngezindlela eziningi.
Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 155, 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. compag.2018.10.017.
Su, Y., Wang, X., 2021. Ukuqanjwa okusha kokuphathwa komnotho wezolimo ohlelweni lokwakha ezolimo ezihlakaniphile ngedatha enkulu. Ikhompuyutha Eqhubekayo. Inf. Uhlelo. 31, 100579 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2021.100579.
Sullivan, DG, Fulton, JP, Shaw, JN, Bland, GL, 2007. Ukuhlola ukuzwela kwesistimu yasemoyeni ye-infrared ye-infrared engasebenzi ukuze kutholwe ukucindezeleka kwamanzi kukhenopi kakotini. Trans. ASABE 50 (6), 1955–1962.
Sumesh, KC, Ninsawat, S., Som-ard, J., 2021. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-RGB-based vegetation index, imodeli ye-crop surface kanye ne- object-based image analysis approach yokulinganisa isivuno somoba kusetshenziswa imoto yasemoyeni engaphethwe muntu. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 180, 105903 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105903.
Suomalainen, J., Anders, N., Iqbal, S., Franke, J., Wenting, P., Bartholomeus, H., Becker, R., Kooistra, L., 2013. Isistimu yemephu ye-light-weight hyperspectral
izindiza ezingenamuntu—imiphumela yokuqala. Ku: 2013 5th Workshop on Image Hyperspectral and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS), pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2013.8080721.
Suomalainen, J., Anders, N., Iqbal, S., Roerink, G., Franke, J., Wenting, P., Hünniger, D., Bartholomeus, H., Becker, R., Kooistra, L., 2014. I-hyperspectral engasindi
uhlelo lwemephu kanye neketango lokucubungula i-photogrammetric yezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu. Inzwa Ekude 6 (11), 11013–11030. https://doi.org/10.3390/
rs61111013.
Syeda, IH, Alam, MM, Illahi, U., Su'ud, MM, 2021. Amasu okulawula kusengaphambili kusetshenziswa ukucubungula izithombe, i-UAV ne-AI kwezolimo: Ukubuyekeza. Umhlaba J. Eng. 18 (4),
579–589. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJE-09-2020-0459.
Tahai, A., Rigsby, JT, 1998. Ukucutshungulwa kolwazi kusetshenziswa izingcaphuno ukuze kuphenywe umthelela wejenali ku-accounting. Inf. Inqubo. Phatha. 34 (2–3), 341–359.
Tang, Y., Dananjayan, S., Hou, C., Guo, Q., Luo, S., He, Y., 2021. Inhlolovo kunethiwekhi ye-5G nomthelela wayo kwezolimo: izinselele namathuba. Ikhompyutha.
I-electron. I-Agric. 180, 105895 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105895.
Tantalaki, N., Souravlas, S., Roumeliotis, M., 2019. Ukwenziwa kwezinqumo okuqhutshwa idatha ekulimeni okunembayo: ukukhuphuka kwedatha enkulu ezinhlelweni zezolimo. J. Agric. Ulwazi Lokudla.
20 (4), 344-380.
Tao, H., Feng, H., Xu, L., Miao, M., Yang, G., Yang, X., Fan, L., 2020. Isilinganiso sesivuno nobude bezitshalo zikakolweni wasebusika usebenzisa i-UAV- esekelwe izithombe ze-hyperspectral.
Izinzwa 20 (4), 1231.
I-Techy, L., Schmale III, DG, Woolsey, CA, 2010. Isampula ye-aerobiological edidiyelwe ye-pathogen yesitshalo emkhathini ophansi kusetshenziswa izimoto ezimbili zasemoyeni ezizimele ezingenamuntu. J. Field Rob. 27 (3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20335.
I-Tetila, EC, Machado, BB, Astolfi, G., Belete, NAdS, Amorim, WP, Roel, AR, Pistori, H., 2020. Ukutholwa nokuhlukaniswa kwezinambuzane zesoya kusetshenziswa ukufunda okujulile
ngezithombe ze-UAV. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 179, 105836.
Thamm, H.-P., Menz, G., Becker, M., Kuria, DN, Misana, S., Kohn, D., 2013. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Uas Ekuhloleni Amasistimu Ezolimo e-AN Wetland e-Tanzania e-— Kanye ne-WetSeason Yezolimo Ezizinzile kanye Nokuhlinzeka Ngeqiniso Eliyisisekelo ledatha ye-Terra-Sar X. Ku-: ISPRS – Izingobo Zomlando Zamazwe Ngamazwe Ze-Photogrammetry, Inzwa Ekude kanye Nesayensi Yolwazi Lwendawo, amakhasi 401–406. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprarchivesXL-1-W2-401-2013.
Thelwall, M., 2008. Bibliometrics to webometrics. J. Ulwazi. Isayensi. 34 (4), 605–621.
Torres-Sanchez, ´ J., Lopez-Granados, ´ F., Pena, ˜ JM, 2015. Indlela ye-othomathikhi esekwe entweni yokufinyelela okuphezulu ezithombeni ze-UAV: isicelo sokutholwa kwezitshalo ezitshalweni ezikhula ngemifino. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 114, 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2015.03.019.
Torres-Sanchez, ´ J., Lopez-Granados, ´ F., Serrano, N., Arquero, O., Pena, ˜ JM, Hassan, QK, 2015. Ukuqapha okuphezulu kwe-3-D kwamasimu ezihlahla zezolimo Ubuchwepheshe be-Aerial Vehicle (UAV) engenamuntu. I-PLoS ONE 10 (6), e0130479.
Torres-Sanchez, ´ J., Pena, ˜ JM, de Castro, AI, Lopez-Granados, ´ F., 2014. Ukumepha isikhathi eside kwengxenye yezitshalo emasimini kakolweni esizini yokuqala kusetshenziswa izithombe ezisuka ku-UAV. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 103, 104–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. compag.2014.02.009.
I-Tsouros, DC, Bibi, S., Sarigiannidis, PG, 2019. Isibuyekezo sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe ku-UAV zokunemba kwezolimo. Ulwazi (Switzerland) 10 (11). https://doi.org/10.3390/info10110349.
Tu, Y.-H., Phinn, S., Johansen, K., Robson, A., Wu, D., 2020. Ukuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa kwendiza ye-drone ukuze kukale ukwakheka kwesihlahla se-horticultural. ISPRS J. Photogramm.
Ama-Remote Sens. 160, 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.12.006
Tzounis, A., Katsoulas, N., Bartzanas, T., Kittas, C., 2017. I-inthanethi Yezinto Kwezolimo, intuthuko yakamuva kanye nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo. I-Biosyst. Eng. 164, 31–48.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.09.007.
Uddin, A., Singh, VK, Pinto, D., Olmos, I., 2015. Imephu ye-Scientometric yocwaningo lwesayensi yekhompyutha eMexico. I-Scientometrics 105 (1), 97–114.
UN., 2019. Amathemba omphakathi womhlaba 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/ (Kufinyelelwe ngomhlaka-15/04/2022).
Uto, K., Seki, H., Saito, G., Kosugi, Y., 2013. Ukwenziwa kwezimpawu zamaphedi elayisi nge-UAVmounted miniature hyperspectral sensor system. IEEE J. Sel. Phezulu. Uhlelo lokusebenza. Umhlaba Obs.
Ama-Remote Sens. 6 (2), 851–860. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2250921. van der Merwe, D., Burchfield, DR, Witt, TD, Price, KP, Sharda, A., 2020. I-Drones in
ezolimo. Adv. I-Agron. 162, 1–30.
Velusamy, P., Rajendran, S., Mahendran, RK, Naseer, S., Shafiq, M., Choi, J.-G., 2022.
Izimoto Zasemoyeni Ezingenamuntu (UAV) ekulimeni okunembayo: izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinselele. Amandla 15 (1), 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010217.
I-Ventura, D., Bonifazi, A., Gravina, MF, Belluscio, A., Ardizzone, G., 2018. Ukudwetshwa nokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo zasolwandle ezizwelayo kusetshenziswa i-Unmanned Aerial
Isithombe semoto (UAV) kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesithombe okusekelwe entweni (OBIA). Inzwa Ekude 10 (9), 1331. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091331.
Verger, A., Vigneau, N., Cheron, C., Gilliot, J.-M., Comar, A., Baret, F., 2014. Inkomba yendawo eluhlaza evela kusistimu yasemoyeni engaphethwe muntu phezu kukakolweni nezitshalo ezidlwenguliwe . I-Remote Sens. Environ. 152, 654–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.06.006.
I-Von Bueren, SK, Burkart, A., Hueni, A., Rascher, U., Tuohy, MP, Yule, IJ, 2015. Kusetshenziswa izinzwa ezine ezisekelwe ku-UAV endaweni enotshani: izinselele kanye
ukulinganiselwa. I-Biogeosciences 12 (1), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-163-2015.
Vuran, MC, Salam, A., Wong, R., Irmak, S., 2018. I-inthanethi yezinto ezingaphansi komhlaba ekulimeni okunembayo: izici zezakhiwo zobuchwepheshe. I-Ad Hoc Netw. 81,
160–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2018.07.017.
Wamba, SF, Queiroz, MM, 2021. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obunesibopho njengesithako esiyimfihlo sempilo yedijithali: ukuhlaziywa kwe-bibliometric, imininingwane, nezikhombisi-ndlela zocwaningo.
Ulwazi. Uhlelo. Ngaphambili. 1–16.
Wang, L., Zhang, G., Wang, Z., Liu, J., Shang, J., Liang, L., 2019. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-bibliometric kwethrendi yocwaningo lwenzwa ekude ekuqaphelweni kokukhula kwezitshalo: I-case study e-China. Inzwa Ekude 11 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070809.
White, HD, Griffith, BC, 1981. Author cocitation: A literature measure of intellectual structure. J. Am. I-Soc. Ulwazi. Isayensi. 32 (3), 163–171.
I-Xiang, H., Tian, L., 2011. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yerimothi yezolimo enezindleko eziphansi esekelwe kumoto wasemoyeni ongenamuntu ozimele (UAV). I-Biosyst. Eng. 108 (2), 174–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2010.11.010.
I-Xie, C., Yang, C., 2020. Isibuyekezo sezici ze-phenotyping zezitshalo ezinomphumela ophezulu kusetshenziswa izinzwa ezisekelwe ku-UAV. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 178, 105731 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
compag.2020.105731.
I-Yao, H., Qin, R., Chen, X., 2019. Imoto yasemoyeni engenamuntu yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuzwa ukude—isibuyekezo. Inzwa Ekude 11 (12). https://doi.org/10.3390/
rs11121443.
Yeom, S., 2021. Ukuhambisa abantu abalandela ngomkhondo nokususwa kwengoma engamanga ngesithombe se-infrared thermal nge-multirotor. I-Drones 5 (3), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5030065.
Yue, J., Feng, H., Jin, X., Yuan, H., Li, Z., Zhou, C., Yang, G., Tian, Q., 2018. Ukuqhathaniswa kokulinganisa kwemingcele yezitshalo kusetshenziswa izithombe kusuka ku-UAV-agibele
isifinyezo senzwa ye-hyperspectral kanye nekhamera yedijithali enencazelo ephezulu. Inzwa Ekude 10 (7), 1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071138.
I-Yue, J., Yang, G., Li, C., Li, Z., Wang, Y., Feng, H., Xu, B., 2017. Isilinganiso sikakolweni wasebusika ongaphezu komhlaba usebenzisa i-aircraft unmanned- isifinyezo esisekelwe
inzwa ye-hyperspectral kanye nokuphakama kwezitshalo amamodeli athuthukisiwe. Inzwa Ekude 9 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070708.
Zahawi, RA, Dandois, JP, Holl, KD, Nadwodny, D., Reid, JL, Ellis, EC, 2015. Ukusebenzisa izimoto zasemoyeni ezingasindi ezingenamuntu ukuze kuqashwe ukutholakala kwehlathi elishisayo. I-Biol.
Gcina. 186, 287–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.03.031. Zamora-Izquierdo, MA, Santa, J., Martínez, JA, Martínez, V., Skarmeta, AF, 2019.
Iplatifomu ye-Smart farming IoT esekelwe emaphethelweni nasekhompyutheni yamafu. I-Biosyst. Eng. 177,
4-17.
Zarco-Tejada, PJ, Diaz-Varela, R., Angileri, V., Loudjani, P., 2014. Ukulinganisa ubude besihlahla kusetshenziswa isithombe sokucaca okuphezulu kakhulu esitholwe emoyeni ongenamuntu
imoto (UAV) nezindlela ezizenzakalelayo zokwakha kabusha izithombe ze-3D. I-Eur. J. Agron. 55, 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2014.01.004.
Zhang, C., Craine, WA, McGee, RJ, Vandemark, GJ, Davis, JB, Brown, J., Hulbert, SH, Sankaran, S., 2020. I-phenotyping esekelwe esithombeni yokuqina kwezimbali ezitshalweni zesizini epholile. Izinzwa 20 (5), 1450. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051450.
I-Zhang, C., Kovacs, JM, 2012. Ukusetshenziswa kwamasistimu asemoyeni amancane angenamuntu ngokunemba kwezolimo: isibuyekezo. Precis. I-Agric. 13 (6), 693–712. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s11119-012-9274-5.
I-Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Niu, Y., Han, W., 2019. Ukwenza imephu ukucindezelwa kwamanzi ommbila okusekelwe kuma-UAV multispectral sensing. Inzwa Ekude 11 (6), 605.
Zhang, X., Han, L., Dong, Y., Shi, Y., Huang, W., Han, L., Gonz´ alez-Moreno, P., Ma, H., Ye, H., Sobeih , T., 2019. Indlela ejulile esekelwe ekufundeni yokugqwala okuphuzi okuzenzakalelayo
ukutholwa kwezifo ezithombeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-hyperspectral UAV. Inzwa Ekude 11 (13), 1554.
Zhao, X., Zhang, J., Huang, Y., Tian, Y., Yuan, L., 2022. Ukutholwa nokubandlululwa kwezifo nokucindezeleka kwezinambuzane zezitshalo zetiye kusetshenziswa i-hyperspectral imaging ehlanganiswe nokuhlaziywa kwe-wavelet. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 193, 106717 https://doi.org/10.1016/j. compag.2022.106717.
U-Zheng, A., Wang, M., Li, C., Tang, J., Luo, B., 2022. Ukujwayela kwesizinda esiqondiswe yi-Entropy sokuhlukaniswa kwesithombe sasemoyeni sesemantic. IEEE Trans. G
Zheng, H., Cheng, T., Yao, X., Deng, X., Tian, Y., Cao, W., Zhu, Y., 2016. Ukutholwa kwephenology yerayisi ngokuhlaziywa kochungechunge lwesikhathi lwe-spectral esekelwe phansi idatha yenkomba. Field Crops Res. 198, 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.027.
Zheng, J., Yang, W., 2018. Idizayini yesistimu yokuvuza yezolimo enembayo esekelwe kuzinzwa ezingenantambo. Int. J. Ku-inthanethi Eng. 14 (05), 184.
Zhou, L., Gu, X., Cheng, S., Yang, G., Shu, M., Sun, Q., 2020. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinguquko zobude bezitshalo zommbila ofakiwe kusetshenziswa idatha ye-UAV-LiDAR. Ezolimo 10 (5), 146. https://
doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050146.
Zhou, S., Chai, X., Yang, Z., Wang, H., Yang, C., Sun, T., 2021. Maize-IAS: Isofthiwe yokuhlaziya isithombe sommbila esebenzisa ukufunda okujulile kwe-high-throughput plant phenotyping . Izindlela Zezitshalo 17 (1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-021-00747-0.
Zhou, X., Zheng, HB, Xu, XQ, He, JY, Ge, XK, Yao, X., Cheng, T., Zhu, Y., Cao, WX, Tian, YC, 2017. Ukubikezela isivuno sokusanhlamvu irayisi esebenzisa izimila eziningi zesikhashana
izinkomba ezivela ku-UAV-based multispectral nesithombe sedijithali. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Ama-Remote Sens. 130, 246–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.05.003.
Zhou, Y., Xie, Y., Shao, L., 2016. Ukulingiswa kobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko besistimu yokuhlola ukushisa okusekelwe kunethiwekhi yenzwa engenantambo. Int. J. Ku-inthanethi Eng. 12 (05),
43.
Zhou, Z., Majeed, Y., Diverres Naranjo, G., Gambacorta, EMT, 2021. Ukuhlolwa kokucindezelwa kwamanzi okunqampuna ngesithombe se-infrared esishisayo kwezolimo ezinembayo: isibuyekezo
kanye namathemba esikhathi esizayo ezicelo zokufunda ezijulile. Ikhompyutha. I-electron. I-Agric. 182, 106019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106019.