Ama-drones...
Uma ucabanga nge-apiculture, kungenzeka ukuthi ucabanga ngama-drones (izinyosi zesilisa).
Kodwa uma ucabanga ngezolimo - ikakhulukazi izinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme ekhulwini lama-21 - kufanele ucabange ngokubaluleka kwamarobhothi asemoyeni angenamuntu.
Lawa ma-drones athembisa ukuba nomthelela omkhulu kwezolimo ezisimeme zekhulu lama-21.
Ngempela, iphepha lokubuyekeza elisanda kushicilelwa, "I-Drones: Ubuchwepheshe Obunjiniyela Bokusetshenziswa Ekulawuleni Izinambuzane Ezinembile,” evela ku-Journal of Economic Entomology, kufanele ifundwe. Umsebenzi wethimba lamazwe ngamazwe lamalungu amane ososayensi, kuhlanganise no-UC Davis entomologist Elvira de Lange, ingeyokuqala yohlobo lwayo ukufingqa izincwadi zesayensi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-drones ezolimo ekulawuleni izinambuzane.
U-De Lange, ohlanganise ithimba lababhali, uthi imikhuba yezolimo esimeme ekhulwini lama-21 kufanele incike kakhulu kuma-drones nobunye ubuchwepheshe obusha.
Ekukhuthazeni isidingo socwaningo olwengeziwe, ababhali bathi ama-drones aba yingxenye ebalulekile yokulawulwa kwezinambuzane ngokunemba, kusukela ekutholeni izinambuzane kuya ekuzilawuleni.
Ekubuyekezeni kwabo, bagcizelela “ukuthi ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okusimeme kwezolimo zekhulunyaka lama-21 kuzoncika kanjani kakhulu kubuchwepheshe obusha, nokuthi lo mkhuba uzoholela kanjani esidingweni esikhulayo sokusebenzisana kocwaningo oluhlukahlukene phakathi kwezazi zezolimo nasemhlabeni, izazi zemvelo, abahleli bezinhlelo zesoftware, kanye nonjiniyela. ”
"Siphakamisa ukuxhumana okubanzi nokusebenzisana phakathi kososayensi abavela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, ama-extension agents, ochwepheshe bezimboni, kanye nabalimi bezentengiselwano ukuze bafinyelele amandla aphelele e-drones ukusiza ekulawuleni izinambuzane," kusho uDe Lange, umbhali ohambisanayo kanye nozakwabo ngemuva kodokotela. Christian Nansen lab, UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology.
Leli phepha lihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones ngemishini yokuzwa kude, ukuthola izinkinga zezinambuzane emoyeni. Kudinga ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kwama-actuation drones, ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezinjengokufutha izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokukhulula izinto ezilawula i-biocontrol. “Izincwadi eziningi ziphathelene nezinzwa ezikude,” kusho u-de Lange.
“Ama-Drones aba yinto esemqoka ezinhlelweni ze-IPM eBrazil, ikakhulukazi eziphathelene nokulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo,” kusho umlobi oholayo kanye nesazi sezinambuzane. UFernando Iost Filho woMnyango Wesayensi Yezinambuzane Nezidumbu, eNyuvesi yaseSao Paulo, eBrazil. “Okwamanje asetshenziselwa ukukhulula ama-parasitoids ezinkulungwaneni zamahektare ezilimo zasensimini, njengomoba nobhontshisi wesoya, kusho uFilho, owayengumfundi wokushintshisana e-UC Davis. "Ukusetshenziswa kwabo ukuqapha impilo yezitshalo kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule emasimini aseBrazil eminyakeni embalwa ezayo."
U-Filho usanda kuphothula iziqu zakhe ze-master kuma-drones nama-remote sensing e-Brazil futhi njengamanje ungumfundi wobudokotela. Ababhali ababambisene nabo, ngaphezu kukaDe Lange, bangonjiniyela kanye nochwepheshe bezokuxhumana ngama-drone Zhaodan Kong, uprofesa osizayo, UC Davis Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; kanye nesazi sezinzwa kude Wieke Heldens ye-German Aerospace Centre, i-Earth Observation Centre, eJalimane.
"Ukutholwa kwesifo kusenesikhathi kanye nokusetshenziswa kokwelashwa kungokwemvelo ekulawulweni kwezinambuzane ngempumelelo, okuvumela izinqumo zokuphatha ukuthi zisetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuba izinambuzane zisungulwe kahle futhi kukhule ukulahleka kwezitshalo," kubhala ababhali encwadini yabo efingqiwe. “Ukuqapha izinambuzane kudla isikhathi futhi kungase kuphazamiseke ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindlela zokusampula ezinokwethenjelwa noma ezingabizi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, siphikisa ngokuthi inselelo ebalulekile yocwaningo ehlobene nokusimama okuthuthukisiwe kokulawulwa kwezinambuzane kwezolimo zesimanje ukuthuthukisa nokukhuthaza izinqubo zokuqapha izitshalo ezithuthukisiwe. "
Ama-Drones angakhomba ukuqubuka kwezinambuzane noma izindawo ezishisayo ezitshalweni zasensimini nasezinsimini zezithelo, njenge-Colorado potato beetle emasimini amazambane noma i-aphid yomoba emabeleni, ososayensi baveze. “Izilokazane azikwazi ukubikezelwa futhi azisatshalaliswa ngendlela efanayo. Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo obunembayo, njengokusetshenziswa kwama-drones, bunganikeza amathuba abalulekile okulawulwa kwezinambuzane okudidiyelwe (IPM).”
UDe Lange, ephawula ukuthi ama-drones asetshenziswa ngokwandayo kwezolimo ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene, waphawula: “Avame ukuhlonyiswa ngobuchwepheshe benzwa obukude, ukubikezela isivuno, ukuhlolwa kwesayensi yezitshalo, noma ukuhlukanisa izici zenhlabathi.”
“Maningi amathuba okuthi kusetshenziswe ama-drones ekulawuleni izinambuzane,” kusho yena. “Ama-drones azwayo, afakwe ubuchwepheshe bokuzwela kude, angasiza ekutholeni izindawo ezinezinambuzane. Izinambuzane zivame ukuba zincane futhi kube nzima ukuzithola, ngakho ukutholwa ngokungaqondile, ngokushintsha indlela izitshalo ezibonisa ngayo ukukhanya, kunamandla okuthola izinambuzane kusenesikhathi, zelaphe kusenesikhathi, futhi kunqandwe umonakalo.”
“Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-actuation drones, afakwe izinsimbi zokufafaza ezinembayo noma abahlinzeki bezinto eziphilayo ezilawula i-biocontrol, angasebenzisa izixazululo zendawo. Izifutho zezibulala-zinambuzane lapho kudingekile zinganciphisa isidingo sokufafaza insimu yonke. Ukusatshalaliswa ngokuphumelelayo kwezinto ezilawula i-biocontrol kuzozenza zibe enye indlela encintisanayo kunezibulala-zinambuzane.”
“Imishini yenzwa ekude,” kwengeza u-De Lange, “ingase futhi ibekwe ezindizeni ezinomuntu namasathelayithi. Kodwa-ke, ama-drones andizela phansi, akhulisa ukuxazulula indawo kwezithombe, futhi enze amafu angabi yinkinga. Ngokuvamile ashibhile futhi angandiza kaningi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini esekwe phansi, ama-drones angavala umhlabathi omningi ngesikhathi esifushane. ”
Ababhali bathi ama-drones angasetshenziswa futhi ukusabalalisa izinambuzane eziyinyumba kanye nokuphazamiseka kokukhwelana, futhi abe nomthelela ekunqandeni ukuqubuka kwezinambuzane, kunokuhlinzeka kuphela ngezixazululo ezinkingeni ezikhona.
U-De Lange, oneziqu zobudokotela kwezemvelo yamakhemikhali azithola eNyuvesi yaseNeuchâtel, eSwitzerland, wajoyina ilebhu yase-Nansen ngo-2016. Izinto azithakaselayo ocwaningweni zihlanganisa ukusebenzisana kwezitshalo nezinambuzane, ukuphathwa kwezinambuzane okudidiyelwe, i-ecology yamakhemikhali kanye nezolimo ezinembile. Wenza ucwaningo lwakhe oluningi ngamastrawberry aseCalifornia.
– Kathy Keatley Garvey, University of California ANR
Isithombe phezulu: I-drone phezu kwensimu yamastrawberry e-Santa Monica. Ama-Drones angabhekisa amabombo ekuqubukeni kwezinambuzane noma izindawo ezishisayo emasimini nasezinsimini zezithelo, ososayensi baveze. Isithombe: Elvira de Lange