Isisekelo sokuthi ama-drones azoshintsha isimo sezolimo sesineminyaka eminingi ikhona. Muva nje ngo-2016, i-MIT Technology Review yathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-drone "kwakuguqula" ukulima.
Ngenkathi ama-drones ensimini - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuqapha izitshalo noma ukufuthwa - ekhuphuka, umshini we-hype ubonakala wehlile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Drone kuyingxenye yekusasa lokulima, kodwa ukuphakamisa ukuthi ama-drones azosungula kabusha imingcele yezolimo ekubeni i-hyperbole.
"Ama-drones ngeke athathe indawo yezindiza, kodwa azothola indawo ekufakweni kwesibulala-zinambuzane," uDominic LaJoie, iphini likamongameli wezindaba zemvelo, UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wamazambane, kusho iPotato Expo yakamuva e-Austin, eTexas.
Ukufakwa kwesibulala-zinambuzane nesibulala-khula sekuya kuba nokwenzeka, kodwa - njengokunye okuningi okusetshenziswa abacwaningi kuma-drones - hhayi ezingeni lokutholakala kalula kubalimi. U-Ian MacRae, uprofesa kanye ne-Extension entomologist, University of Minnesota, owenze ucwaningo olunzulu esebenzisa ama-drones, wakhuluma ngale ndaba ngesikhathi sakamuva I-Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable & Farm Market EXPO eGrand Rapids, eMichigan.
Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwesifutho, i-MacRae ithe ama-drones athengekayo angathwala kuphela amakhilogremu angu-10 omkhiqizo ngesikhathi, okungawenzi asebenze kahle emasimini amakhulu.
“Empeleni akukafakwa isicelo esijwayelekile okwamanje,” kusho yena.
Nakhu okushiwo yiMacRae ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene ezibandakanya ubuchwepheshe be-drone.
Ukuzwa okukude
"Okwenza lo mbono wonke ngemuva kwama-drones nokuzwa kude ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe," kusho uMacRae. “Nakuba ama-drones esenakwa kakhulu, i-drone empeleni iyi-tripod endizayo. Indaba yangempela iza nezinzwa. Njengamaselula, yonke into ibancane, iyashesha, ibengcono futhi ishibhile. Yilokho okwenzekayo ngamasensa.”
Isibonelo, i-MacRae ithe idivayisi enezinzwa ezine ekala ubude begagasi ukuze ithole umsebenzi wezitshalo ongenempilo egijime cishe u-$8,000 eminyakeni embalwa edlule icishe ibe yingxenye yanamuhla.
Amakhamera ashisayo
Indlela ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa obukude obusebenza ngayo ukuthumela ubude begagasi abaningi ngasesitshalweni nokuqapha lokho okubonakala emuva. Okuchaza kakhulu ukukhanya okuseduze kwe-infrared, kusho uMacRae. Inani elincishisiwe lokukhanya kwe-infrared elikhanyayo liwuphawu lwesitshalo esicindezelekile, kodwa lokho akuyona into entsha etholakele. Lapho kwenzeka khona intuthuko isekusetshenzisweni kwamakhamera angezwani nokushisa.
"Imvamisa, ngezinambuzane nezifo, umthelela ozoba nawo ukuthi bobabili bazohlala kubude obufanayo," kusho uMacRae. “Kodwa izifo, kucatshangwa ukuthi, ziphazamisa ukulawulwa kokushisa kwesitshalo ngaphezu kwezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke singasebenzisa i-thermal ukuze sihlole ukuthi sibhekene nesinambuzane noma isifo.
"Lezi zinzwa ezishisayo zincane kakhulu, singakwazi ukuzifaka ku-drone ngesikhathi esifanayo nezinye izinzwa."
Ukuzethemba
Izindleko zama-drones ngokwazo ziyehla, kanye nemishini yezinzwa namakhamera, kodwa kusengumugqa omuhle wokulinganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali nobungozi. Njengoba uMacRae eshilo, uma undiza i-drone, leyo drone izophahlazeka ngesinye isikhathi.
“Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi laphaya. Ungathenga enkulu. Siyandiza lezo, kodwa futhi siqala ukujwayela izimoto ezincane, ezibiza kancane, ”kusho uMacRae. “Isizathu salokho yilapho enye yalezi zinto iphahlazeka - uyabona ukuthi angishongo ukuthi 'uma' - kodwa uma iphahlazeka, ukhipha imali encane kakhulu. I-DJI S1000, icishe ibe ngu-$4,000. I-3DR Solos cishe i-$300. Zisebenza ngendlela efanayo, futhi cishe zinokwethenjelwa. Umehluko ukuthi i-S1000 iwumthwalo onzima kakhulu, ngakho siyisebenzisela izinzwa ezinkulu kakhulu.”
I-GIS ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware
Izinzwa namakhamera anamandla okuqongelela amanani amakhulu edatha namakhulu ezithombe ukusuka ohambweni olulodwa lwe-drone ukuya enkundleni. Ngaphandle kwesofthiwe efanele yokuhlela nokucacisa idatha, akusizi ngalutho kubalimi. Intuthuko kuleyo ndawo iyaqhubeka, kusho uMacRae.
“Sisebenze ngezindlela zokukala ukuwohloka kwamathambo sisebenzisa izithombe zasemoyeni. …Sibonile ukuthi lena akuyona indlela okuzothathwa ngayo kuqala,” kusho uMacRae. “Besidinga ukuthola isoftware ezothandeka kakhulu kubalimi. Saqala ukubheka isofthiwe yolwazi lwendawo (i-GIS). Lokhu kuyinto evame ukutholakala. Inesibopho ekuqondiseni okuzenzakalelayo kogandaganda. Empeleni siqeqeshe i-GIS ukuthi ithi 'lena impahla yezitshalo' futhi 'lokhu akunjalo.' Ngaleso sikhathi, i-GIS iklanyelwe ukukutshela ukuthi hlobo luni lokuhlinzekwa onakho endaweni ethile. "
Emkhathizwe
I-MacRae isebenza kakhulu ngamazambane kunanoma yisiphi esinye isilimo. Ithimba lakhe libheka izindlela abangasebenzisa ngazo izinzwa ukuthola i-PVY kanye nokulimaza sekwephuzile, phakathi kwezinye izifo, lisebenzisa inzwa eyihlane kuma-drones futhi lanezela ukuthi ukukalwa kwezakhi nakho kusemisebenzini. Ukunisela kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-zinambuzane kungase kube yizindawo ezinkulu okugxilwe kuzo eminyakeni ezayo, nokho.
"Enye yezinto okungenzeka ukuthi ibaluleke kakhulu kule minyaka embalwa ezayo i-spray drift, ikakhulukazi ngomthelela ongaba nawo kumazambane kanye nokugcwala kwe-herbicide," kusho uMacRae.
Elinye ithuluzi
Ababambiqhaza babukele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-drone ngeso elibukhali, kodwa lokho akuhumushi ekutshalweni kwezimali njengamanje, kuphawulwe uMacRae. Imbuyiselo ku-investimenti ayikabi khona okwamanje.
“Busebuningi ubuchwepheshe obusadinga ukuthuthukiswa,” usho kanje. “Uma ngikhuluma nabathintekayo bayayithakasela i-data kodwa abanandaba nokuthi yibona abazothola imininingwane. Ngakho-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi sizobona ukutholwa okuvela kumamodeli wesevisi.
"Yilokho okufanele ukukhumbule - ama-drones azoshintsha inani lolwazi onalo futhi akusize wenze izinqumo, kodwa ngeke athathe indawo yalutho," kwengeza uMacRae. "Kuzoba omunye umthombo wedatha."
- Zeke Jennings, intatheli ye-VGN