Ama-scouts angama-Drone alungele ukwenza ezolimo ezinembayo ziqonde nakakhulu njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-drone buthuthuka.
Ama-Drones asevele efikile emapulazini, ngokusho kweFederal Aviation Administration. Amaphesenti ayishumi nesikhombisa awo wonke ama-drones abhalisiwe ezentengiselwano ngo-2017 asetshenziselwa ezolimo, okwenza kube indawo yesithathu ephezulu ukusetshenziswa kwemishini engemuva kwezakhiwo ezithengiswayo / izithombe zasemoyeni, ngamaphesenti angu-48, nokuhlolwa kwezimboni, ngamaphesenti angu-28.
I-Specialty Agriculture iyingxenye yaleyo makethe yezolimo enembayo yama-drones. Amafemu e-Aeronautics afana nenkampani ezinze eFrance iDelair-Tech kanye nenkontileka yendiza yezokuvikela yaseMelika i-AeroVironment imaketha ama-drones azo ezolimo ahlanganisiwe ezinzwa kubakhiqizi bezitshalo abakhethekile, kanti iNyakatho-ntshonalanga iyimakethe eqondiwe.
I-MicaSense ese-Seattle, ethengisa inzwa ye-drone ene-spectral eminingi ebizwa nge-RedEdge-M, ibihambele imihlangano yabalimi efana nombuthano wabalimi bezihlahla zezithelo obuseKennewick, eWashington. Kulowo mhlangano, isikhulu seMicaSense uGabriel Torres uxoxe ngezibalo zokuphathwa kwezitshalo inkampani esebenza kuzo.
“Siqhubeka sisebenza nabalimi nabaholi bezimboni ekuhloleni ukuthi izithombe zingaba nomthelela kanjani ekuziphatheni okuthile kokuphatha noma ukusiza ekuxazululeni ezinye zezinto ezithinta ukwenza izinqumo,” kusho uMqondisi we-MicaSense we-Enterprise Solutions uManal Elarab. "Sizibophezele ngokuqhubekayo ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa izibalo zezithombe ezinqumweni zansuku zonke zepulazi."
Izifundiswa, nazo, zifunda ukusetshenziswa kwe-drone ezitshalweni ezikhethekile. I-Vegetable Growers News ngo-February 2018 yabhala mayelana nokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-Rochester Institute of Technology kanye ne-Cornell University ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwe-drone lokuhlonza ukuthambekela kukabhontshisi we-snap kusikhunta esimhlophe. E-Penn State University, abacwaningi ababili - unjiniyela kanye nesazi sezitshalo - basebenza ohlelweni lwe-drone ukuze banqume ukumbozwa kwembali ngayinye kanye nomthwalo wezitshalo esithelweni sesihlahla.
Kusukela emasosheni kuya kubhontshisi wesoya
Ubuchwepheshe be-drone obuguqukayo busuka komunye umkhakha buyiswe komunye. I-AeroVironment's ag drone Umanduleli wokuqala we-Quantix kwakuyindiza yezempi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Pointer eyasetshenziswa yi-US Army kanye ne-Marine Corps eminyakeni engu-30 edlule. Le nkampani yaba umphakeli omkhulu woMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US ngemuva komhla ka-9/11 nangesikhathi seMpi YaseGulf futhi inezinhlelo ezinhlanu zamarekhodi kuze kube manje ne-DOD.
Nakuba i-Quantix ihloselwe ukuhlola izitshalo kunezitha, umqondo wayo wokusuka uqonde kanye nokufika uvele ohlelweni lwezempi. I-drone enamaphiko angaguquki isuka endaweni eqondile, njenge-shuttle yasemkhathini, kodwa iphakama njengendiza ukuze ishanele izithombe ezinqampuna isikhathi eside.
"Empeleni ihamba phambili kuyo yomibili imihlaba," kusho uMqondisi we-AeroVironment Wokuthengisa Kwezohwebo uMark Dufau.
Ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka nokuvela futhi izinkampani zithola izici ezintsha ezisebenza kangcono kwezolimo olunembayo. Obunye bobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokuzwa okukude, i-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), bavela ezinhlelweni zamasathelayithi ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kanye nawo-1970, kusho uchwepheshe we-MicaSense Remote Sensing Applications uJohn Sulik.
“Kuningi ongakwenza,” kusho uSulik. “Izindlela eziningi zokuzwa ezikude azihambisani nalezi zitshalo ezinenani eliphezulu. Abakutsheli indaba eningi njengoba kufanele ukwazi.”
I-MicaSense's RedEdge-M inamakhamera amahlanu akala umbala obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oseduze kwe-infrared nobomvu.
"Izithombe ze-Multispectral zibonise ukuthi ziyithuluzi elihlakaniphile uma kuziwa ekuhloleni insimu yakho ukuze uthole ingcindezi," kusho u-Elarab. "Ama-indices akhiwe ngesithombe se-multispectral asiza ekuqondeni ukuhlukahluka ngaphakathi kwenkundla yakho futhi ngaleyo ndlela akuqondise ezindaweni zokucindezeleka ukuze uqoqe amasampula amele anganciphisa imbangela yengcindezi."
Izinzwa ezimbalwa ze-multi-spectral ze-drone ezisemakethe zabalimi. I-Sentera esekwe eMinneapolis ngoMashi 28 yamemezela ukuthi ithengisa inzwa yayo ye-AGX710 gimbaled ukuze isetshenziswe i-plug-and-play nge-DJI-brand Matrice 200 Series industrial drones. Isikhulu seSentera u-Eric Taipale uthe lo mdlalo wenza kube “lula ngendlela emangalisayo kumakhasimende ethu ukuqoqa imininingwane engasebenza enkundleni.”
"Amakhasimende ethu akhiqiza inqwaba yemikhiqizo yenkomba eyahlukene, futhi asebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlaziya azenzakalelayo kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene kwezolimo, ezamahlathi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo," esho. Inzwa ye-Sentera ihlanganiswe nonyaka wokufinyelela ku-software analytics platform ebizwa ngokuthi i-FieldAgent eletha imininingwane yokuhlola izitshalo ukuze isize ukuthola izifo, izinambuzane, nezinye izingcindezi, ukuhlonza ukushoda, nokuhlola isimo somsoco.”
Ama-Drones nawo ahamba amabanga amade. E-France, i-DT18 ag drone ye-Delair igunyazelwe ukundiza ngale komugqa obonakalayo, noma ukusebenza kwe-BVLOS (i-US FFA idinga ukuyekwa ukuze i-BVLOS indize). I-DT18 ingalawulwa inethiwekhi yocingo engenantambo ye-3G futhi ngaleyo ndlela ingandiza amamayela ngaphandle kombhoshongo wokulawula.
“Endizeni eyodwa ungakwazi ukuthwala amahektha angaphezu kuka-2,500 uma imithethonqubo ikuvumela ukuthi undizele phezulu,” kusho uMphathi Wemikhiqizo Yezolimo kanye Namahlathi uLenaic Grignard. "Sivumelanisa uhlelo lwethu ukuze umkhiqizo wokuhlolwa kwezitshalo uphezulu kakhulu."
Ibanzi ngokwanele ukuba ibukwe
Ama-drones ayabiza futhi awusizo kakhulu ekuhloleni izindawo okunzima ukuzifinyelela. Ngakho-ke ipulazi kufanele libe likhulu kangakanani ukuze kuthethelelwe izindleko?
Ngokuzimela, iGrignard kaDelair kanye ne-AeroVironment's Dufau baqhamuke nesibalo esifanayo se-ballpark: amahektha ayi-1,000.
"E-US, lapho uqala ukuba namahektha angaphezu kwe-1,000, iqala ukuthakazelisa," kusho uGrignard. UDufau uthe emngceleni wamahektha ayinkulungwane, "abalimi eMidwest baqala ukubona usizo ohlelweni."
Kodwa bobabili bashesha ukwengeza ukuthi ngezindlela eziningi izitshalo eziyisipesheli zihluke kakhulu kunezitshalo zamarowu futhi zikhombisa imbuyiselo ephezulu ekutshalweni kwezimali.
"Impela yehlela emalini engenayo ngehektare," kusho uDufau. “Uma uzibandakanya ekuqhathaniseni izitshalo zemigqa yaseMidwestern nezitshalo ezikhethekile, lezo zinombolo zishintsha kakhulu ngenxa yomzamo omkhulu kanye nemali engenayo esengozini ngesitshalo esikhethekile uma siqhathaniswa nommbila nobhontshisi. Lelo nani lincane kakhulu njengoba ungena ezitshalweni ezikhethekile.”
Isibonelo esisodwa, uthe, abalimi bewayini lewayini abaziwa ngokuthumela ama-drones ukuze bahlole okokugcina, okusheshayo kwesivini esincane esingamahektha amahlanu.
“Akukhona ukuthi, 'Utholani?'” kusho uDufau. “Yilokhu ongakutholi okukunikeza lelo zinga lokuqinisekisa ukuthi wenza okusemandleni ukukulawula. … (Hhayi) kuphela abakwazi ukubona izinkinga ngaphandle kodwa futhi bangalala kangcono ebusuku bazi ukuthi azikho izinkinga.”
Inani eliphakeme lezitshalo yisona sizathu sokuthi izinkampani ze-drone zicabanga ukuthi abalimi bezitshalo ezikhethekile kungenzeka bathenge ubuchwepheshe.
“Izinga lokutholwa lihamba kancane ezitshalweni zemigqa, futhi esinye sezizathu zalokhu ukuthi uma ubheka intengo yommbila, awunawo amandla okutshala imali ukuze uye kulolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe,” kusho uGrignard.
U-Elarab, wakwaMicaSense, uthe abalimi abakhethekile babonakala beshesha ukuzivumelanisa nobuchwepheshe.
"Izitshalo zenani eliphezulu ziye zaba yizisetshenziswa zakuqala zobuchwepheshe, njengezivini nezihlahla zezithelo nokunye," kusho yena. “Kuningi futhi okuthakaselwayo kwezinye izitshalo ezifana nekhofi nemifino.
“Abantu abaningi banentshisekelo ku-precision ag futhi kunamazinga ahlukahlukene okutholwa ezitshalweni ezithile. Imakethe ikhula minyaka yonke. Baningi abantu abajabulela kakhulu ukufaka izithombe ezinqumweni zabo zokuphatha, ngakho-ke kuningi ukukhula okuqhubekayo.”
Kusukela kudatha kuye esinqumweni
Ukwenza idatha ye-drone nezithombe zihambisane nezinqumo zokuphatha zabalimi kubalulekile.
"Izinzwa zenza idatha," kusho u-Sulik we-MicaSense. “Okudingwa abalimi wulwazi. Ngakho-ke, okudingwa yimboni kuyindlela efika ngesikhathi yokunciphisa idatha ibe ulwazi olusebenzayo olubalulekile. Yilokho okumele kulungiswe. Futhi sisebenzela kulokho.”
UGrignard, waseDelair, ubiza lo msebenzi ngokuthi “ibhodlela” ledatha.
“Umqondo waso sonke isixazululo uwukukhipha enye ingqinamba ngedatha ezinyathelweni ezihlukene zokuhamba komsebenzi, kusukela ekutholeni kuya ekucutshungulweni kwedatha – lokho akuwona umthwalo womxhumanisi wezitshalo noma umlimi.”
Elinye lamathuluzi okuhlaziya lidala imephu ukuze abalimi babhekise kuzo.
“Sihlola impilo yezitshalo kanye nezidingo zezitshalo ukuze sithole umsoco bese sakhe imephu,” kusho yena. "Le mephu ingalinganiswa njengencwadi kadokotela, isibonelo, imephu ye-nitrogen." I-DT18Ag yakwaDelair nayo inamandla okubala izitshalo noma ukukhomba izikhala ekutshalweni.
Kodwa uGrignard wengeze ngokuthi ama-algorithms awalingani futhi imiphumela izohluka phakathi kwezitshalo. Ngezitshalo zama-strawberry, isibonelo, i-algorithm yokubala izitshalo isebenza kahle ezigabeni zokuqala, kodwa kamuva i-algorithm iyehluleka njengoba izitshalo zikhula futhi ama-canopies eqala ukuhlangana.
I-AeroVironment isebenza nge-algorithm yokubala izitshalo zezitshalo zezithelo zezihlahla, uDufau athi ngoMashi kwakusele cishe izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ukuthi itholakale njengesengezo ohlelweni lwamanje.
Abasebenzisa izinga eliguquguqukayo bangobunye ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuka ngokushesha kwezolimo olunembayo. Ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwedatha ye-drone, kusho uDufau, ukwenza idatha idluliswe isuka ku-drone iye emshinini oshintshashintshayo wokufaka umanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane kanye/noma izibulala-sikhunta. Idatha ye-Drone esitshalweni ngasinye ehlanganiswe nesifakeli sesilinganiso esishintshayo esingasho ukuthi izitshalo ngazinye zithola kuphela amakhemikhali eziwadingayo.
Kepha noma yikuphi lapho ubuchwepheshe obusha buholela khona, uDufau uthe amamephu akhelwe nge-drone azonemba kakhulu ngokuzayo.
“Uzohamba uye kwelinye, igatsha negatsha, ekugcineni uhlole impilo yezitshalo laphaya,” kusho yena. “Lezo zinhlobo zamamephu anemba zizoba ngcono isikhathi eside. Futhi ngibona lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe lushayela ezinye zezindawo, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezikhethekile ezingakenziwa ngempela.”
- UStephen Kloosterman, Umhleli Womsizi we-VGN
Isithombe esiphezulu: I-Fixed-wing AeroVironment Quantix inesici sokusuka esiqondile kanye nesici sokufika esifana naleso se-hover drone.