#ClimateChange #Agriculture #FoodSecurity #Italy #TropicalFruits #ClimateAdaptation #ExtremeHeat #GlobalWarming #MediterraneanRegion
Ukushisa okukhulu okubangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuye kwaphumela ekwandeni okuphawulekayo kokulinywa kukabhanana nomango e-Italy. Le ntuthuko iza nemiphumela ebalulekile, njengoba ochwepheshe bexwayisa ngokuthi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu e-Europe kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuvikelekeni kokudla emhlabeni jikelele. Isimo sezulu esishintshayo esifundeni saseMedithera kakade sesiphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo, okuholela ekulimaleni kwezihlahla zomnqumo, amasimu elayisi nasezidlelweni. Ukukhiqizwa kobisi noju nakho kuthinteke kabi ngenxa yokushisa. Njengoba iplanethi iqhubeka nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, le ndatshana ihlola izinselelo abalimi baseMedithera ababhekana nayo futhi ihlola ukuthi umhlaba ungaguquka kanjani uma ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka.
Isifunda saseMedithera besibhekene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokushesha kunezinye izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yezimboni, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile esifundeni liye lenyuka cishe ngo-1.5 degrees Celsius. Imiphumela yokushisa okudlulele, ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle, nesomiso kube nomthelela ekukhiqizweni kokudla kule ndawo.
E-Italy, lapho isimo sezulu sesivuna izithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo, ukutshalwa kukabhanana, umango nokwatapheya kuye kwanda kakhulu. Izifunda ezinjengeSicily, iCalabria, ne-Apulia ziye zabona ukwanda okuphindwe kathathu kokukhiqizwa kwalezi zithelo phakathi neminyaka emihlanu edlule. Lokhu kushintsha kwezinqubo zezolimo kuyindlela yokusabela esimweni sezulu esishintshayo, okwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukutshala lezi zithelo ezazifudumala ezindaweni ezishisayo kulezi zifunda.
Nokho, nakuba ukwanda kokulinywa kukabhanana nomango kunikeza abalimi amathuba amasha ezomnotho, nakho kubangela izinselele kanye nezingozi ezingase zibe khona. Izitshalo nemfuyo yendabuko eyake yachuma esifundeni ingase ibe nzima ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo. Isibonelo, amazinga okushisa aphezulu aholela ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kobisi ezinkomeni kanye nokuqoqwa kwempova ephansi yizinyosi, okuholela ekwehleni kokukhiqizwa koju ngo-70% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule e-Italy.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla eMedithera uyisixwayiso esiqinile kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungaphazamisa izinqubo zezolimo esezimisiwe futhi kubangele ukushoda kokudla kanye nokungavikeleki emhlabeni wonke. Uma ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuqhubeka ngokunganqamuki, ezinye izifunda zingase zingazifanelekeli izitshalo ezithile, okwenza kudingeke ukuba abalimi bazivumelanise nezimo futhi baguqule izindlela zabo zokulima.
Njengoba i-Italy ishintshela ekutshaleni izithelo eziningi zasezindaweni ezishisayo njengobhanana nomango, kukhona kokubili imiphumela emihle nemibi. Okuhle, lokhu kuhlukahluka kwezilimo kungaletha izinzuzo zezomnotho, kuvuleke amathuba amasha emisebenzi, futhi kuvule izimakethe ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zalezi zithelo. Ukwengeza, kungasiza ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sezithelo ezishisayo esifundeni nangale kwayo.
Nokho, kukhona nokukhathazeka mayelana nokusimama kwesikhathi eside kwalolu shintsho lwezolimo. Ukuthembela kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo kungase kubangele isidingo esikhulu samanzi ezindaweni ezingajwayele izitshalo ezinjalo, okungase kucindezele imithombo yamanzi endawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahlwa kwezitshalo zendabuko nemfuyo kungaholela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye namagugu amasiko.
Imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu idlulela ngalé kwemingcele yase-Italy. Njengoba izimo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu ziba njalo futhi zingabikezeli, ukunikezwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke kungase kuphazamiseke, okuholela ekushintshashintsheni kwentengo nokushoda. Lokhu kungabhebhethekisa ukungavikeleki kokudla futhi kube nomthelela kubantu abasengozini ezindaweni ezihlukene zomhlaba.
Ukutshalwa kwamabhanana amaningi kanye nomango e-Italy ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu kugqamisa umthelela oqhubekayo wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwezolimo nokuvikeleka kokudla. Nakuba lolu shintsho lunikeza abalimi amathuba, luphinde lugcizelele ukuphuthuma kokubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke. Izinqubo ezisimeme, amasu okuzivumelanisa nezimo, kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuzobaluleka ekwehliseni imiphumela emibi yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla kanye nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla okuphephile nokuzinzile komhlaba wonke.