Unyaka wezi-2021, cishe u-2022, futhi izinga lokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe emnothweni wethu nasemphakathini liyaqhubeka ngesivinini. Yimaphi amathuluzi asafufusa anganikeza abalimi bezitolo ezinkulu zasePennsylvania inzuzo yokuncintisana futhi banciphise izithiyo empumelelweni yezezimali?
Ubuchwepheshe buguqule izici eziningi zezolimo kanye nomnotho, nokho izinhlelo eziningi zebhizinisi nezokugcina amarekhodi ezisetshenziswa abalimi zisilela ngemuva kwenguquko yedijithali. Ubuchwepheshe obusha obubizwa ngokuthi “blockchain” bunezicelo ezingase zibe khona zamapulazi namaketango okulethwa kokudla.
Iyini i-blockchain?
I-Blockchain ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo lapho kungakhiwa khona izinhlelo ezintsha zezomnotho nezomthetho. Yaqala ukuvela lapho kwethulwa imali yedijithali ebizwa ngokuthi 'Bitcoin' cishe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Kafushane nje, i-blockchain iyithuluzi elingarekhoda ukuthengiselana futhi lilandelele ulwazi phakathi kwamabhizinisi nempahla kuwo wonke amaketanga okuhlinzeka. Uma sekudaliwe, okwenziwayo kuba yingxenye yerekhodi elingunaphakade futhi akukwazi ukukhohliswa abasebenzisi ngabanye.
Enye indlela yokucabanga nge-blockchain ngonyaka ka-2021 ukuyiqhathanisa ne-inthanethi yasekuqaleni kwawo-1990. Ukusetshenziswa 'kweWebhu Yomhlaba Wonke' kwakulinganiselwe kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa okuningi okuyinkimbinkimbi kwanamuhla. Izinhlangano ngazinye namanethiwekhi amancane abantu azame ngamathuluzi amasha 'njenge-Electronic Mail' namawebhusayithi olwazi akhelwe phezu kwenguqulo yokuqala 'ye-inthanethi.' Ngokufanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-blockchain njengohlobo lwemali yedijithali okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, kuyadalwa manje. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zobuchwepheshe be-blockchain zizothuthukiswa eminyakeni ezayo.
Kungani kufanelekile ukucabanga nge-blockchain manje?
Kungani i-inthanethi bekufanele kufundwe ngayo ekuqaleni kwawo-1990? Ubuchwepheshe obusha obuyisisekelo njenge-inthanethi ngawo-1990 - futhi, okungenzeka, njenge-blockchain manje - bunekhono lokuchaza kabusha ukuthi sihlobana kanjani, siqhuba ibhizinisi, futhi sikhiqize impumelelo yezezimali. Izibonelo zakuqala zokusetshenziswa kwe-blockchain ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kokudla zihlanganisa ukunikeza abathengi ukufinyelela olwazini mayelana nemvelaphi yomkhiqizo kanye nezinqubo ezikhulayo; izinkontileka ezizenzakalelayo nezinqubo zokukhokha; ukwenza ngcono ukulandeleka komkhiqizo kanye nesithako; kanye nokwenza ukubambisana okuphumelelayo nokuhlanganisa phakathi kwabakhiqizi.
Abathengi bafuna ulwazi olwengeziwe. Abathengi begrosa bafuna 'ukwazi umlimi wabo.' Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa ukuthi ukwazi ukuthi ukudla kukhiqizwa kanjani futhi kuphi kuba nomthelela ezinqumweni zokuthenga kwabathengi. Ubuchwepheshe beBlockchain buvumela abakhiqizi abathile ukuthi bahlukanise uhlobo lwabo futhi bajulise ukusebenzelana nabathengi. Ngokwesibonelo, I-IBM yakha inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yabahlinzeki bakawoyela we-olive futhi isebenzisa i-blockchain ukulandelela uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo yabo emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Blockchain ingasiza abakhiqizi bonge isikhathi nemali. Okuzenzakalelayo noma Izinkontileka 'ezihlakaniphile' ezakhelwe phezu kobuchwepheshe be-blockchain zingathumela inkokhelo kumkhiqizi ngokushesha nje lapho ukulethwa sekuqinisekisiwe, Ngokwesibonelo. Ukulandelela i-GPS, okunamathiselwe emikhiqizweni eminingi noma ama-SKU angawodwana, kungangena ngokuzenzakalelayo izibuyekezo zendawo futhi kucuphe imigomo yenkontileka eyengeziwe noma kunikeze ulwazi olucacile lokugcinwa kwesitokisi ukuze kulandeleke.
Abathengisi bangase ngolunye usuku badinge ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zabo ze-blockchain. I-Traceability iwumkhuba okhulayo kumaketanga okuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ethengiswayo. Amasistimu okulandelela alandelela umkhiqizo kusukela lapho usuka khona ukuya ekuthengeni kokugcina komthengi, ngokuvamile ngokugxila ekuphepheni kokudla kanye nokulandelela okungase kube nokuqubuka kwezifo ezibangelwa ukudla. Ubuchwepheshe beBlockchain bungasetshenziswa lapha ukulandelela ikhwalithi, ukuphepha, nokugeleza kwemikhiqizo. I-TraceHarvest Network isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain ukuthuthukisa ukuhlonza nokulungiswa ngesikhathi sokukhumbula ukuphepha kokudla futhi uqinisekise imvelaphi yemikhiqizo kanye nezimangalo zesitifiketi. I-Walmart ihlola izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-blockchain kuchungechunge lwayo olubandayo, ukulandelela ukuqubuka kwe-E. coli ku-ulethisi njengesibonelo, ukulandelela umkhiqizo okungenzeka ungcolile ngendlela esheshayo, eqondiswe kakhudlwana, nokuqinisekiswa.
Ngokusebenzisa i-blockchain, abakhiqizi abancane bangaqhudelana kangcono nabakhiqizi abakhulu noma bamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisana nokuhlanganisa. Amasistimu amasha okusebenza ndawonye afaka izinkontileka ezizenzakalelayo kanye nokulandelelwa okuthuthukisiwe anganelisa izimfuneko eziqinile zezitolo ezinkulu ezimakethe futhi avule amathuba amasha okuthengisa amanethiwekhi abalimi.
Abakhiqizi basePennsylvania abahlelela ikusasa lebhizinisi labo bazokwenza kahle ukugcina ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain ku-radar yabo. Impumelelo yesikhathi eside idinga ukufunda amathuluzi namasu amasha njengoba ezuzisa ibhizinisi lakho futhi athethelele izindleko zokutholwa. I-Blockchain cishe izololonga umnotho wedijithali wesikhathi esizayo futhi ibe nomthelela empumelelweni yezezimali yabakhiqizi be-PA.
- Jay Eury kanye Becky Clawson, Penn State Extension othisha