Abalimi bachitha isikhathi esiningi nemali belawula ukhula nezinye izilokazane, futhi ngokuvamile kufanele baphendukele kuma-fumigants amakhemikhali ukuze bagweme izinambuzane ezibhubhisa kakhulu. Abalimi baphinde baxabane nokuthi benzeni ngemikhiqizo enenani eliphansi yokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, njengesikhumba, imbewu kanye namagobolondo ezithelo, imifino kanye namantongomane.
Kuthiwani uma leyo mifudlana yemfucuza yezolimo ingase ikhiqize ezinye izinto ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni samakhemikhali futhi yenze ukulima kukhiqize kakhudlwana, kube nenzuzo futhi kuvikele imvelo?
Mhlawumbe bangakwazi. Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eDavis, bakhuthazwa yimiphumela yokuqala yokuhlolwa okuhlanganyelwe kwe-“biosolarization,” inqubo ehlanganisa ukushisa kwelanga nezichibiyelo zenhlabathi ukuze kulawuleke ukhula nezinye izinambuzane ezithwalwa umhlabathi.
"Kubukeka kuthembisa," kusho uprofesa wesayensi yokudla nobuchwepheshe uChristopher Simmons, ohlola i-biosolarization ngezitshalo ezahlukahlukene futhi esebenza nabalimi kuso sonke isifunda. "Sisenomsebenzi omningi okufanele siwenze, kodwa i-biosolarization ikhombisa amandla angempela njengendlela ephephile, eqhubekayo yokulawula izinambuzane ngenkathi ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yezitshalo kanye nesivuno."
Ukuqinisa amandla elanga
Abalimi abaningi basemuva bayawazi amandla e-solarization. Uma ubeka i-plastic tarp ecacile phezu kwenhlabathi emanzi, ungabamba imisebe yelanga futhi ushise inhlabathi ngokwanele ukubulala ukhula nezinye izinambuzane ezitholakala emhlabathini. Isebenza kahle, kodwa ingathatha amaviki ama-4 ukuya kwayisi-6, okuvamise ukuba yinde kakhulu ukuthi izinkambu zingafusi.
I-Biosolarization ingasheshisa futhi ithuthukise inqubo. U-Simmons nethimba lakhe bengeza izichibiyelo zemvelo njengezikhumba zamagilebhisi nezotamatisi noma izingcezu zamantongomane aphansi emhlabathini ngaphambi kokuwugcoba, okukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane azuzisayo. Ama-microorganisms awusizo ancintisana nezinambuzane futhi enza inhlabathi ibe ne-asidi kakhudlwana futhi ingabi nokungenisa izihambi ukhula nezinye izinambuzane.
Ndawonye, ukushisa kwenhlabathi kanye nomsebenzi we-microbial kunganciphisa isikhathi sokwelashwa sibe yizinsuku, hhayi amasonto.
"Futhi ngokwenza kusebenze amagciwane anenzuzo emhlabathini, i-biosolarization inamandla okuthuthukisa impilo yomhlabathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi," kuchaza uSimmons.
Ukuhlola ngaphansi kwezimo zentengiso
Imfucuza yamakhemikhali iyabiza, futhi eminingi ikhonjwe njengama-ejensi alawulayo kahulumeni kanye ne-federal njenge-carcinogenic. Kodwa uma kuziwa ekubulaleni izinambuzane emhlabathini, zisebenza kakhulu.
"Amafumigant ane-biocidal ngokubanzi, okusho ukuthi athinta ama-microorganisms anenzuzo kanye nezinambuzane," kusho uSimmons. "I-Biosolarization ivumela ama-microorganisms angenangozi futhi anenzuzo ukuthi aqhubekele emhlabathini."
Kodwa ukuze abalimi basebenzise i-biosolarization njengenye indlela yama-fumigants amakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kufanele kube okusebenzayo, okubikezelwe futhi ukonga. Ngakho-ke, ithimba lihlola i-biosolarization ngezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, izichibiyelo kanye nenhlabathi ngokumelene nezinambuzane ezihlukene ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngezinga lezentengiso esifundazweni sonke.
“Sinezinhlelo zokuhlola ulethisi, utamatisi, amakhabe nezitshalo ezihlukahlukene zokumboza,” kusho uSimmons. “Futhi sinesivivinyo sesikhathi eside esingamahektha ayi-10 nama-alimondi engadini evamile e-Chico.”
E-Chico, u-Simmons nethimba lakhe basebenzisana nomlimi we-alimondi u-Rory Crowley e-Nicolaus Nut Company ngosekelo lwezimali oluvela ku-Almond Board yase-California kanye ne-Western Center for Agricultural Health and Safety. Bangunyaka owodwa ocwaningweni lweminyaka engu-25 ukuze babone ukuthi izinsalela zokucubungula ama-alimondi kanye nelanga kungayithuthukisa yini impilo yomhlabathi futhi kunciphise ukhula nezinye izinambuzane ezithwala umhlabathi. Kuze kube manje, uCrowley uhlabeke umxhwele.
“Kube kuhle enhlabathini,” kusho uCrowley. “Sisebenzisa i-biosolarization kanye nesitshalo sekhava yesinaphi, senyuse izinto eziphilayo ngamaphesenti angu-1.25 kuya ku-1.75, okuwukugxuma okukhulu. Lokho kuhle ekuthathweni kwekhabhoni kanye nempilo yonke yomhlabathi.”
Sekuseduze kakhulu ukusho ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi kuzoholela ekuvuneni okukhulu kwezitshalo, kodwa uCrowley ucabanga ukuthi i-biosolarization ingaba ithuluzi elihle lokulawula izinambuzane kanye nokusetshenziswa okubalulekile kulokho obekungaba udoti wezolimo.
"Sidinga ukuthola ikhaya lemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe yokucubungula ama-alimondi, ngakho-ke kungani singaboni ukuthi singayisebenzisa yini ukuthuthukisa impilo yenhlabathi ngenkathi silawula izinambuzane?" Kubuza uCrowley.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkundla kuyaqhubeka
U-Simmons nethimba lakhe bahlola i-biosolarization ezitshalweni eziningana zaminyaka yonke nezikhava ezifundeni ezisekhempasini yase-UC Davis besebenzisa imifudlana yemfucuza yezolimo evela kutamatisi newayini. Maduzane bazoqala ukuhlola ngama-strawberry, avame ukulashwa nge-fumigants isizini ngayinye njengoba abalimi betshala amajikijolo kabusha.
Umgomo kaSimmons: Ukuqinisekisa abalimi ukuthi i-biosolarization ingasebenza futhi yonge ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi eziphikisana nenani elibanzi lezinambuzane.
“Senza isisekelo esibalulekile,” esho. "Sithemba ukuthi i-biosolarization ingasiza abalimi ukuthi babuyisele ukudla nemfucuza yezolimo ohlelweni ukuze kulawuleke izinambuzane futhi kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa kwezilimo."
- Diane Nelson, UC Davis
Isithombe: E-Chico, ithimba le-UC Davis lihlola ukuthi izinsalela zokucubungula ama-alimondi kanye nelanga kungayithuthukisa yini impilo yomhlabathi.