Imikhiqizo yebhayoloji iyithuluzi elibalulekile labalimi bemifino ephilayo futhi ibonise ukusebenza kahle ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ekunqandeni ukhula nezimbungulu ezimbi.
Kodwa imboni ayigcini lapho.
Abaholi bathi bafuna indawo kwezolimo ezijwayelekile. Imboni eyaqala ngokuthola amakhemikhali athambile kanye nezindlela zebhayoloji zokulawula izinambuzane nokhula manje inama-biostimulants akhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo. Eminye imikhiqizo ihlose ngisho nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yemifino kanye nempilo yeshelufu.
Okuningi emakethe
"Izilimo eziyisipesheli yilapho ngempela inqwaba yemikhiqizo yebhayoloji yaqala khona," kusho uKeith Jones, umqondisi omkhulu wenhlangano. I-Biological Products Industry Alliance (BPIA).
“Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo iye yamukelwa kakhulu abalimi bezithelo nemifino.”
I-BPIA ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okunomthwalo wemfanelo kwemikhiqizo yebhayoloji ephephile nesebenzayo. Iqembu selikhule lisuka ezinkampanini ezinhlanu nje zokuqala laya kumalungu angaba ngu-130 akhiqiza, amaketha noma asabalalisa imikhiqizo yebhayoloji.
UJones uthe isayensi yezinto eziphilayo manje yenza cishe amaphesenti angu-17 emakethe yemikhiqizo yokulawula izinambuzane kubalimi bezithelo nemifino - futhi leso sabelo semakethe siyaqhubeka sikhula minyaka yonke.
Yize cishe amaphesenti angama-25 ama-biocontrols asetshenziswa ezitshalweni eziphilayo, uthe iningi selisetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezijwayelekile.
"Isidingo sabathengi sibuye sibe ngumshayeli walokhu," esho. “Abantu manje, banendaba kakhulu nokuthi kwenzekani ngamagilebhisi abo. Bangase bangabi naso isithakazelo kulokho okusetshenziswa ukotini wabo. Izinto abazidlayo, kunesithakazelo esikhulu kulokho okusetshenziswa kulezo zinhlobo zezitshalo.”
Kodwa ngisho nemikhiqizo yebhayoloji ayikhululiwe kuyo yonke imithethonqubo.
E-US, i-EPA's Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division kuyo Ihhovisi Lezinhlelo Zokubulala Izinambuzane iphatha ukubhaliswa kwezilawuli zezinambuzane zebhayoloji ezisebenza ngobuchwepheshe be-biochemical, microbial noma obusafufusa.
“Njenganoma iyiphi imboni, nginesiqiniseko sokuthi kukhona imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi,” kusho uJones. Umkhiqizo webhayoloji ophila emakethe iminyaka eminingana kungenzeka unevelu ebonisiwe kubalimi, esho. Izinkampani eziqalayo ezifaka isicelo sobulungu be-BPIA kufanele zivume ukuthobela imithetho kahulumeni yokubhalisa, futhi zenze izimangalo ezisemthethweni ngokwesayensi kwezokuthengisa.
"Sibheke nje inkampani ukuthi ibe inkampani esemthethweni enemikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo ezisemthethweni," kusho uJones.
Amagciwane - imikhiqizo enama-microorganism afana namagciwane njengesithako esisebenzayo - enza amaphesenti angama-25 emboni njengamanje kodwa ayimboni ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Amakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo akha cishe amaphesenti angu-35, kanti ama-macro-organisms, njengezinambuzane eziwusizo, akha amanye, kusho uJones.
Ngaphandle kwe-biocontrols
The Umthethosivivinywa Wasepulazini wezi-2018 yayiqukethe incazelo yokuqala engokomthetho yama-biostimulants njengokuthi “into noma into encane ephilayo, lapho isetshenziswa embewini, ezitshalweni, noma ku-rhizosphere, ikhuthaze izinqubo zemvelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe noma kuzuzise ukutholwa kwezakhi, ukusebenza kahle kwezakhi, ukubekezelela ingcindezi ye-abiotic, noma ikhwalithi yezitshalo kanye Veza."
Ezinye izibonelo ama-amino acid, ama-microbial, noma izingcaphuno zezitshalo ezikhangiswa ukuze zisize isitshalo ukuthi sikhule. Nakuba indlela eya emakethe ingakachazwa ngokusemthethweni, i-BPIA ibilwela uhlelo lwelebula oluzohlonza ama-biostimulants ayiqiniso.
Kanti eminye imikhiqizo yebhayoloji igxile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lezithelo kanye nempilo yeshelufu.
Isibonelo, bheka inkinga yakudala yesikhumba esiqhekekile kutamatisi. Engqungqutheleni ye-Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable, abalimi balalele inkulumo ka- USteven Bogash, uthisha osewathatha umhlalaphansi wasePenn State Extension manje usebenzela iMarrone Bio Innovations.
“Yilokhu okubangela ukuqhekeka: Ingaphakathi likhula ngokushesha kunalokho okungaphathwa yisikhumba,” esho.
Izinsuku ezinomswakama ophezulu ezinesikhumba esimisiwe zingaqhekeka utamatisi uvuleke kakhulu. Isifo esisodwa esikhulu sabalimi bakatamatisi, abavame ukuzama ukusinqanda ngokufaka i-calcium ne-manganese esikhumbeni esinempilo. Kodwa okusha kulo nyaka akuyona into eyodwa, kodwa imikhiqizo emibili emisha efakwe ngama-foliar.
I-Marrone Bio inomkhiqizo onjalo, okuthiwa i-Haven, eyenziwe ngamafutha kakhukhunathi, okhuthaza ukuphefumula nokuvikela elangeni. Enye inkampani, i-BioBest, inomkhiqizo obizwa nge-Bluestim, owenziwe nge-glycine betaine kusuka ku-sugar beet, osebenza njengomlawuli we-osmosis, oqinisekisa ukulawulwa okungcono kwamanzi nezakhi.
"Uma unamanzi amaningi kakhulu ngaphakathi futhi ekwazi ukuphuma ngaphandle kalula, uzoncipha kakhulu," kusho uBogash. "Lezi zinto zithembisa ukushintsha indlela esilahlekelwa ngayo ibanga likatamatisi, ngoba, bhekana nakho: Indlela yokuqala othatha ngayo utamatisi onguNo. 1 futhi ulenze kuNo.
Umphathi Womkhiqizo we-Bluestim u-Veronica Cervantes uthe umkhiqizo ubhaliswe njengesichibiyelo sesitshalo se-organic. Isetshenziswa njalo emavikini angu-3-4 esithelweni esincane ingavimbela ukuqhekeka futhi isetshenziselwa ukunweba impilo yeshalofu likatamatisi.
“Siwasebenzisa ukusiza imboni ukuthi ibhekane nemikhumbi,” kusho yena. “Uzobe uvikela isithelo.”
Imikhiqizo yebhayoloji iya ngokuya itholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinambuzane nezinkinga.
“Alukho uhlelo oluthi 'usayizi owodwa olingana konke' njengoba izimo nengcindezi yezinambuzane ishintsha njalo ngaso sonke isikhathi sonyaka," u-Bogash wabhala encwajanani yeseshini yemfundo ehlukene, lena emayelana nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi ezindlini eziyindilinga. "Kodwa-ke, inani lamathuluzi okulawula izinambuzane ebhokisini lethu lamathuluzi le-biocontrol selikhule kangangokuthi selikwazi ukulawula zonke izinambuzane."
- UStephen Kloosterman, umhleli ohlangene