I-mulch yepulasitiki isiza ukulawula ukhula, ukonga umswakama kanye nokusheshisa ukufudumeza kwenhlabathi - ukusho izinzuzo ezimbalwa - kodwa i-biodegradable mulch yepulasitiki inikeza lokho kanye nangaphezulu.
"I-mulch yepulasitiki iyithuluzi elivame kakhulu e-US nasemhlabeni jikelele, kodwa yiziphi ezinye izindlela esikhundleni se-mulch yepulasitiki futhi yini engayenzela inhlabathi yakho?" kubuza uCarol Miles, uprofesa wezolimo zemifino eWashington State University (WSU). UMiles ubeyisikhulumi ku-Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable and Farm Market EXPO yakamuva e-Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Abalimi abaningi bayangabaza ukusebenzisa izimbobo zepulasitiki ezingaboli ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokungaqiniseki, ubungozi kanye nobuhle.
I-WSU iqeda unyaka wesine wocwaningo lokuhlola imboza yepulasitiki engaboli. Uma yenza njengoba kucatshangwa, i-mulch ibola ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokulimaza umhlabathi noma imvelo futhi inikeza izinzuzo ezilingana ne-polyethylene mulch. Umboza wepulasitiki obolayo unezindleko eziphansi zomsebenzi ngenxa yokuthi akudingekile ukuthi ususwe futhi ulahlwe ekupheleni kwesizini - okucatshangelwa kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko zawo eziphakeme.
“Uzongena ekupheleni kwesizini,” kusho uMiles. "Inzuzo enkulu ye-mulch yepulasitiki engaboli ukuthi yonga emsebenzini."
I-WSU ihlola izimbobo zepulasitiki ezibolayo ezingaboli eMount Vernon, eWashington, kanye neNyuvesi yaseTennessee eKnoxville, eTennessee. Ukusebenza ezindaweni ezimbili sekuvele kunqume izinga lokuwohloka kwezimboza zezihlahla - okukalwa njengephesenti lokuchayeka kwenhlabathi (PSE) phakathi nenkathi yonyaka - lihluke kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene futhi liyahlukahluka ngonyaka. Ngokuvamile, lindela ukuwohloka okusheshayo eminyakeni enomswakama owengeziwe kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
E-Knoxville ku-2016, yonke imikhiqizo ibambe kahle nge-PSE engamaphesenti angu-20 ngo-Septhemba 1. Kodwa-ke, izimvula ezinamandla kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngo-2015 zenze imikhiqizo ethile yahlukana cishe ne-100% ye-PSE phakathi nehlobo.
E-Mount Vernon, enamazinga okushisa apholile e-Washington, imikhiqizo engaboli kahle ibambe kangcono nakakhulu ku-2016 nama-PSE cishe amaphesenti angu-5 ngo-Septhemba 1. Ngo-2015, umkhiqizo owodwa kuphela owenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo wahlukana futhi waba ne-PSE cishe amaphesenti angu-60 ngo-Septhemba 1, kodwa lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo wawugoqwe phakathi ngumenzi, futhi ukugoqa kwaba ubuthakathaka obabangela ukuwohloka ngokushesha.
Indawo ibalulekile
"Indawo, hhayi izitshalo, inquma inani lokucekelwa phansi," kusho uMiles. “Kumele uyihlole ngempela le mikhiqizo epulazini lakho ukuze ubone ukuthi yimuphi kule mikhiqizo ekusebenzelayo. Ukuba ne-mulch eyanele phakathi nobude benkathi yokukhula kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukhula.”
Imiphumela eqinile ekuqhathanisweni kokulawula ukhula bekunzima ukuyithola. “Kube nokusabela okuxubile ekulawuleni ukhula ngoba izingcindezi zokhula zihlukile ezindaweni ezahlukene,” kusho uMiles. "Kunezinkinga eziningi ezithinta ukulawulwa kokhula kune-mulch kuphela."
I-Ield ingumlayezo ongaguquki. “Isiza yiso esizonquma isivuno,” kusho uMiles. "Zonke izimbobo zepulasitiki ezimnyama, ezibolayo zazinomkhiqizo ofanayo nomnyama, we-polyethylene mulch."
I-WSU ibilokhu ihlola imikhiqizo i-BioAgri, Exp.PLA/PHA (ifilimu yokuhlola), i-Naturecycle, i-Organix (emnyama), i-Organix Clr (icacile), i-polyethylene evamile ne-WeedGuardPlus.
Imikhiqizo iyahlukahluka ngamaphesenti ayo asuselwa ku-bio. I-BioAgri isekelwe ku-bio-based engamaphesenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-25, i-Exp.PLA/PHA isekelwe ku-bio engamaphesenti angu-86
futhi I-Naturecycle ilingana noma ingaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-20 asekelwe ku-bio. I-Organix ne-Organix Clr zingamaphesenti angu-10 asekelwe ku-bio kuyilapho i-polyethylene ingaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa le-bio-based futhi i-WeedGuardPlus isekelwe ku-bio-based ngamaphesenti angu-100. I-WeedGuardPlus iyiphepha, amaphesenti angu-100 angaboli, futhi avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni okuphilayo okuqinisekisiwe.
Iphesenti lokubunjwa okusekelwe ku-bio akusona isici esinqumayo ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo noma isikhathi sokuwohloka ngenxa yokuthi izimbobo zembozo zingenziwa ngezindlela eziningi.
Amapulasitiki angaboli angathathwa kusiitashi sombila noma esinye isitashi sezitshalo noma ekuvubeleni kwebhaktheriya koshukela wezitshalo noma ama-lipids. Ama-polymers angaboli futhi angenziwa ngemikhiqizo yokwenziwa equkethe amabhondi e-ester ahlukaniswa kalula ngama-microorganisms, ukukhanya kwelanga namanzi.
Isimo esinamathelayo
I-biodegradable mulch yepulasitiki inedumela lokunamathela esithelweni esinzima futhi ibangele izinkinga ngokubukeka okubonakalayo.
Ucwaningo lwe-WSU lusebenzise amathanga ezivivinyweni ukuhlola leyo nkinga.
Nangempela yavela inkinga umboza wanamathela amathanga. Ocwaningweni olusha, u-Miles wathola izingcezu ze-mulch zingasulwa esithelweni uma isithelo sasinomswakama kancane lapho sivunwa ngenxa yomswakama, amazolo noma ukuchelela futhi isithelo sasulwa ngokushesha. “Uma unomkhiqizo wezinga lokudla ophuma ensimini yakho, ngeke ufune ukuthatha isikhathi sokuzama ukuwugeza,” kusho uMiles. Cabangela ngokucophelela i-mulch yepulasitiki ebolayo uma ukulesi simo."
I-WeedGuardPlus ocwaningweni itholwe inomphumela wokupholisa emhlabathini, obe nomthelela omubi esimweni sezulu esipholile saseWashington. Ezingxenyeni ezifudumele zezwe, umphumela wokupholisa ungaba muhle.
I-WeedGuardPlus nayo yayinamandla okulawula i-nutsedge ephuzi. "Ibilawula i-nutsedge ephuzi njalo ngonyaka ecaleni,"
Kusho uMiles. “Sibona lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubalimi abanaleyo nkinga. Awekho ama-postemergence herbicide abhalwe amathanga ngakho-ke ukulawula ukhula kuyinkinga yangempela.”
Ukuwohloka ngokumelene nokuwohloka
Lapho uhlola ama-mulch abolayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokuwohloka nokuwohloka.
Ukuwohloka ukubola kwangempela.
Ukuwohloka ukulimala kwesimo sezulu noma ukuklebhuka nezinyembezi ngenxa yokuphatha okungafanele.
“Uma isimboza semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla sidonsa kakhulu phezu kwesitshalo sivama ukuhlukana,” kusho uMiles. "Isihluthulelo wukunciphisa noma yikuphi ukungezwani ku-mulch yakho."
Amathiphu okuqoqa nokulinganisa izingcezwana zemboza ngembewu emhlabathini - ukuhlola ukuthi umkhiqizo ukusebenzele kahle kangakanani - ayatholakala ku- www.biodegradablemulch.org. Lesi siza siwubudlelwane beNyuvesi yaseTennessee, iWSU kanye neMontana State University.
“Kufanele wenze ngokucophelela uma uqoqa futhi ukala la masampula,” kusho uMiles. "Ama-mulch azokwenza ngendlela ehlukile endaweni ngayinye."
I-Oxo- noma i-mulch yepulasitiki ewohloka isithombe iyinkinga ebucayi ezingxoxweni zemboza ngepulasitiki engaboli.
“Imakethwa njengepulasitiki ebolayo futhi akunjalo,” kusho uMiles. “Enizogcina ngakho wukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki emkhakheni wakho. Ngeke ibole futhi izoba lapho iminyaka engu-300 njengemboza nge-polyethylene mulch. Awukwazi ukucosha; iyabhidlika nje.”
Idokhumenti yokuqondisa nge-oxo- noma i-mulch yepulasitiki ebolile iyatholakala ku-www.biodegradablemulch.org.
– UDean Peterson, Intatheli ye-VGN
Ngenhla: Abacwaningi babeka isimboza semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla e-Boxx Berry Farm eFerndale, eWashington, lapho abacwaningi baseWashington State University becwaninga ngezimboza zezihlahla ezingaboli. Isithombe: Washington State University